Importance of Micro Small and Medium Industries in The Economic Development of India

Transcription

1 UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 C ommerce An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 162, Vol - XVI (7), September , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor Importance of Micro Small and Medium Industries in The Economic Development of India Micro small and medium enterprises (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian Economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural and backward areas, thereby reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complimentary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socio economic development of the country. DR. CHHAVI KHARE Introduction : In most of the developing countries like India, micro, small and medium industries constitutes an important and crucial segment of the industrial sector. They play an important role in employment creation resource utilization and income generation and helping to promote changes in a gradual and phased manner. Micr o, small and med ium enterp rises. I t is difficult to get disillusioned about the important of MSMEs when it comes to the growth and development of the country. They have been long overlooked even when this sector actually employees 69 million people in India which is 40% of the total workforce, through 44 million enterprises. MSMEs contribute approximately 8% to India's GDP, Classification are responsible for a stunning 45% of its total industrial output and 40% of its total Micro exports. The scarcity of capital in India severely Small limits the number of non-farm jobs that can be created because investment costs per job are Medium high in large and medium industries. An effective development policy has to attempt to increase the use of labour relative to capital to the extent that it is economically efficient. Micro, small and medium (MSME) sector has emerged as a highly vibrant and dynamic sector of the Indian economy over the last five decades. MSMEs not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural and backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalance, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth MSMEs are complimentary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socioeconomic development of the country. Definition of SSI/MSME : Micro, small and medium enterprises are generally defined in terms of the investment in the plant, machinery and equipment, the number of people employed and annual turnover. In India MSMEs are defined just according to the amount of investment ceiling for plant, machinery or equipment:- Table 1 : Definition of MSME According to Ministry of MSME Investment in plant, machinery or equipment Manufacturing sector Service sector Up to Rs. 25 lakh Up to 10 lakh ($ 50 thousand) ($ 20 thousand) Above Rs. 25 lakh Above Rs. 10 lakh ($ 50 thousand) and up to ($ 20 thousand) and up to 2 Rs. 5 crore ($ 1 million) crore ($ 40 million) Above Rs. 5 crore ($1 million) and up to Rs. 10 crore ($ 2 million) The Fiscal commission, Government of India, New Delhi, 1950, for the first time defined a small scale industries as, one which is operated mainly with hired labour usually 10 to 50 hands. Fixed capital investment in a unit has also been adopted as a other criteria to make a distinction between small scale and large scale industries. This limit is being continuously raised up wards by Government. Department of Commerce, Govt. K.R.G. Girls College, Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh) Above Rs 2 crore ($ 0.40 million) and up to Rs. 10 crore ($ 2 million) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

2 Objectives : (1) The study the trends and growth of small scale industry/msmes in India during the past liberalization period. (2) To characterize the trends in inputs, output and other related variables in small scale industry/msmes in India in order to bring out the growth in the industry. (3) To examine the relative contributions of labour and capital in output growth in India is being continuously raised up wards by Government. Research Methodology : This study majorly focused on micro, small and medium enterprises located in industrial areas and prominent marets of New Delhi. Various manufacture, services, starts-ups from the food industries. IT industry and Textile manufacturing industry were interviewed as a part of the study. Both primary and secondary data was collected for the study. Secondary data was collected from specific reports, articles and other internet sources. Primary data was collected by personally interviewing people or sending them questionnaires to capture a wide spectrum of problems difference kinds of MSMEs were interviewed including manufacturing sector enterprises, services sector enterprises, food industry, starts-ups and enterprises registered as small scale industries (SSI). The questionnaires were prepared by appropriate secondary data Lakh collection and analysis, collected data was then combined, critically analyzed and the research was concluded with policy recommendations. Growth and Performance : Micro, small and medium enterprises are an integral part of the economy. They provide employment opportunities to the weakest and poorest state of the society, giving them a way out of perpetual poverty that they seem doomed to. Currently there are 44.7 million enterprises spread across the county employing 40% of the total population million people were working in this during whereas the number grew to 101 million people in More and more people are getting employed through new MSMEs every year, currently making up for largest workforce after the agricultural sector. In India, a micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) is a generic term used to describe small scale industrial (SSI) units and medium scale industrial units. Any industrial unit with a total investment in its fixed assets or leased assets or hire-purchased asset up to Rs. 1 crore is considered as a SSI unit. The MSMEs sector produces a wide range of industrial products such as food products, beverage, tobacco and tobacco products, cotton textiles, wool silk synthetic products, Jute, hemp and jute products, wood and wood products, furniture and fixtures, paper and paper products, printing publishing an allied industries, machinery, machines, apparatus, appliances and electrical machinery. MSME sector also has a large number of service enterprises. These enterprises are spread across the country with 55% of the enterprises being located in urban areas and the rest 45% in the rural areas in states like Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka etc. Uttar Pradesh has about 4.4 million MSMEs providing employment to 9.2 million people whereas West Bengal and Tamil Nadu have 3.4 million and 3.3 million MSMEs respectively. Importance of MSMEs Industries : In India, small scale industries (SSIs) occupy 12.3 million units, contributes to 40 percent of their exports and provide employment to about 29.5 million people. The SSIs now produce more than 8000 products. By recognizing the importance of SSI units in the development of economy the government has been continuously attempting to improve the avail ability of critical input to this sector and create appropriate infrastructural environment. Recently, significant policy initiatives assistance, incentives and subsidies and influenced many enterprises to start SSIs. The Indian SME segments current product UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September S. No. Table 2 : Performance of SSI/MSME Units, Employment & Investment Year Total working enterprise (In Lakh) Employment (In Lakh) Market value of fixed Assets (Rs. in Crore) I II III IV V Source : Annual report MSMEs Figure 1 : Employment In MSME Sector 1 1. Projected data for the years to Source : Annual Report MSMEs

3 value is almost Rs crore. It contributes to around 40% of industrial product and exports. It manufactures more than 8000 diverse products, ranging from low tech items to technologically advanced products. The SSI sector targets both domestic as well global markets SSIs sector is recognized as the engine of growth accounting for about 70% of employment and contributes a significant amount for the growth of GDP. Globally 99.7% of all enterprises in the world are SMEs and the balance 0.3 percent is large scale enterprises. MSME has shown constant growth rate around 11% every year till The highest growth in recent time was recorded during (18.45%) where during year and growth rate was around 14% and 12% respectively. But it jumped to 12% to 17% in However recent data for 2015 i.e. from April-September 2015 shown impressive growth of 18.74% (year on year growth) (chart-i) The focus sectors of the convention were agree business and food processing automobile and engineering energy, health care, industrial infrastructure, IT/ITes, pharmaceuticals, renewable energy, technical education and skilled development, textile and handlooms, tourism and urban development. from sociologists, administrators and politicians. MSMEs need support not just at the start up stage but also for dealing with intractable issues like bankruptcy. There is a need for an Expert Advisor Group that can lay down requisite procedures and push for amendments to the existing laws to facilitate restructuring or closure of distressed MSME units. The Indian MSME sector is posed for rapid growth and integration with major global value chains. Timely policy intervention and due support will go a long way towards making Indian MSMEs globally competitive. References : (1) The Indian Economic since 1991; Economic Reforms and Performance, 2/e by B.A. Prakash (2) FICCI MSME summit, 2012 Innovation Readiness of Indian SMEs; issues and challenges. Accessed ISjune knowledge paper new pdf. internet. (3) Industrial policy in an area of Globalization copyright@2003 by marcus Noland and Howard pack. (4) (5) Cheab, H-B and Cheah, M (2005). Small, diversified and sustainable : Small enterprises in a sustainable production system. In:Harvie, C and Lee, B-C(eds), Sustaining growth and performance in East Asia, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. (6) modern. Small-business enterprises/chollev 1 Sec4-xhtml (7) Umap, 2013 Role of SMEs in Economic Development of India. Accessed 3 June /indianresearchjournals. com/pdf/apjmmr/2013/ June/15 pdf.internet. Source : Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Government of India. Conclusion : From the foregoing analysis one may derive the following conclusions which seem to be most relevant that could be taken as a guideline for the future view. In most of the developing countries like India, small scale industries (SSI) constitutes an important crucial segment of the industrial sector. They play an important role in employment creation, resource utilization and income generation and helping to promote hanges in a gradual and phased manner. MSMEs are generally more labour intensive than larger organization. As a matter of fact, small scale sector has new emerge as a dynamic and vibrant sector for the Indian economy in recent years. It has attraced so much attention not only from industrial planners and economists but also UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

4 a UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 C ommerce An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 162, Vol - XVI (7), September , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor Yeejle cew F&-keâe@ceme& : GheÙeesefielee, yeeoeesb SJeb megpeeje Øemlegle MeesOehe$e cew Yeejle cew F&-keâe@ceme& keâer GheÙeesefielee, yeeoeedeew SJeb megpeejeew hej ÛeÛee& keâer ief& nw~ F&-keâe@ceme& SJeb Fueskeäš^e@efvekeäme kesâ ceeoùece mes JÙeJemeeÙe megiece SJeb yengje ^erùe nes ieùee nw~ F&-keâe@ceme& DeYeer Deheves ØeejbefYekeâ oewj cew nw, efkeâvleg JÙeeheej cew «eenkeâ yeì{eves lelee Glheeokeâlee cew Je=efæ nsleg Ùen mejee&efoekeâ ueeskeâeføeùe Je megueye lejerkeâe nw~ efheúues kegâú Je<eeX cew Dee@veueeF&ve Kejerooejer lespeer mes yeì{er nw lelee Deeves Jeeues meceùe cew Ssmee keâesf& JÙeJemeeÙe vener nesiee, efpemekeâer Deheveer JesyemeeF&š ve nes~ F&-keâe@ceme& keâe ØeÛeueve efheâueneue Decesefjkeâe SJeb Ùetjeshe pewmes osmeew cew ner DeefOekeâ nw~ Yeejle ieebjeew keâe osme nw Deewj ueieyeie 80 ØeefleMele pevemebkùee ieebjeew cew efvejeeme keâjleer nw~ efyepeueer Deewj otjmebûeej keâe DeYeeJe nw, efpememes DeefOekeâebMe ueesieew keâes F&-keâe@ceme& megefjeoee keâe ueeye vener efceue heelee nw~ Yeejle cew Ùen DeYeer Deheveer ØeejbefYekeâ DeJemLee cew nw SJeb Fmekeâer kegâú yeeoeesb Yeer nq~ [e@.heer.jeeùe.efceße tkwu uslfczv us viuh izfl) iqlrd ^^Xykscy isjkmkdl** esa myys[k fd;k Fkk fd Hkfo"; esa,d ek= izhkko lwpuk ØkfUr izks ksfxdh ds {ks= esa gksxha orzeku esa lwpuk izks ksfxdh ds {ks= eas gksxha orzeku eas lwpuk izks ksfxdh ds {ks= esa dh tk jgh muufr us muds bl fopkj dks iq"v fd;k gsa vkt bysdvªkfud ds rhoz izlkj us fo'o dh nwfj;ksa dks lesvdj eqv~bh eas Hkj fn;k gsa ljy 'kcnksa es a iwjk fo'o,d Xykscy xk o cudj jg x;k gsa lwpuk izks ksfxdh us vkt lqfo/kk, iznku dh gsa mnkjhdj.k ds bl nksj esa ^^bz dkwelz** vfkkzr lalkj ij vk/kkfjr O;kikj dk egro Hkh rsth ls c<+ jgk gsa ^^bz&dkwelz** bysdvªkfud fof/k ls lkeku,oa lsokvksa dh vkwuykbzu [kjhn&qjks[r gsa bz&dkwelz rhu :iksa esa gs % ¼1½ fctusl Vw fctusl % O;kikfjd laxbuksa ds chp vkilh O;kikj],d gh laxbu ds vanj O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;k rfkk QqVdj O;kikjA ¼2½ fctusl Vw dlvelz % olrqvksa] lsokvksa,oa lwpukvkas dh daiuh }kjk mihkksdrk rd lh/kh igq pa ¼3½ dlvelz Vw dlvelz % ftlds }kjk vyx&vyx dlvelz ds lewg tks vkil esa :fp j[krs gsa] lwpuk,oa fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku dj ldrs gsaa bz&dkwelz esa leku fdlh vku ykbzu LVksj eas iznf'kzr fd, tkrs gsa rfkk [kjhnnkj osclkbv ij mugsa ns[kdj] muds ckjs esa tkudkjh gkfly dj ldrs gsaa mugsa vkwuykbzu [kjhn Hkh ldrs gsaa vkwuykbzu esa nks pj.k gksrs gsa % ¼1½ lcls igys csclkbv ij xzkgd ds ØsfMV dkmz vdkm.v dk vkwfksjkbts'ku gksrk gs fd osfym,oa i;kzir csysal gs fd ugha] dkmz gksymj O;fDr dk csad ml osclkbv dks vkwfksjkbts'ku uacj Hkstrk gs] vksj mldk vkwmzj Lohdkj gks tkrk gsa ¼2½ nwljk osclkbv }kjk csad dks lwfpr fd;k tkrk gs fd tgk mlds ikl epszuv vdkmav gksrk gsa og csad QaM~l dks osclkbv ;k epszuv ds vdkmav eas tek djokrk gs,oa dkmz gksymj dk vdkmav MsfcV gks tkrk gsa bl izdkj [kjhnnkjh gsrq ;k=k djus dh vko';drk ugha gksrh gs] lhkh lkeku yksxksa dks?kj csbs gh fey tkrk gs rfkk foøsrk dks fu/kkzfjr jkf'k dqn {k.kks a es a muds [kkrs es a LFkkukUrfjr gks tkrh gsa bz&dkwelz }kjk O;kikj izkjahk djus es a lhfer phtks a dh t:jr gksrh gsa og viuk vfkok fdjk;s ij fy;k x;k osclkbzv] mriknks,oa lsokvks a dh lwphc) djus gsrq 'kkwfiax dkmz izksxzke,oa [kjhnnkjh leca/kh lwpukvks a dk ladyu rfkk vius csad [kkrs es a /ku izkir djus dk rjhdk blds fy, i;kzir gsa bz&dkwelz,oa bysdvªkfudl ds ek/;e ls O;olk; lqxe,oa cgqjk"vªh; gks x;k gsa bz&dkwelz vhkh vius izkjafhkd nksj esa gs] fdurq O;kikj esa xzkgd c<+kus rfkk mrikndrk esa o`f) gsrq ;g lokzf/kd yksdfiz; o lqyhk rjhdk gsa finys dqn o"kksza esas vkwuykbzu [kjhnnkjh rsth ls c<+h gsa rfkk vkus okys le; esa,slk dksbz O;olk; ugha gksxk] ftldh viuh osclkbzv u gksa bz&dkwelz ls lacaf/kr folr`r tkudkjh ds fy, bl lkbzv dk iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gsa bz&dkwelz ls u flqz mihkksdrk ykhkkfuor gks ldrs gsa] vfirq O;kolkf;;ksa ds fy, ;g ojnku fl) gks jgk gsa ßeer Jew<CeJe JeeefCepÙe ceneefjeåeeueùe, mkeâerce veb.71, iegceemlee veiej, Fvoewj (ceoùeøeosme) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

5 bz&dkwelz dk izpyu fqygky vesfjdk,oa ;wjksi tsls ns'kksa esas gh vf/kd gsa Hkkjr xk oksa dk ns'k gs vksj yxkhkx 80 izfr'kr tula[;k xk oks a es a fuokl djrh gsa fctyh vksj nwjlapkj dk vhkko gs] ftlls vf/kdka'k yksxksa dks bz&dkwelz lqfo/kk dk ykhk ugha fey ikrk gsa Hkkjr esa ;g vhkh izkjafhkd volfkk esa gs,oa bldh dqn ck/kk, gsa ck/kk, % ¼1½ lokzf/kd cm+k [krjk /ku ds Hkqxrku leca/kh gsa blesa /ku dk glrkarj.k ØsfMV dkmz ;k vkwu ykbzu csad }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa bl O;oLFkk ds rgr ØsfMV dkmz ds uacj lesr lhkh xksiuh; tkudkfj;ka nwljs i{k rd igq pkuh gksrh gsa ;g Mj cuk jgrk gs fd nwljk i{k ØsfMV dkmz ls fu/kkzfjr /ku ls vf/kd dk glrkraj.k u dj ysa ¼2½ csadksa ds ek/;e ls /ku ds glrkarj.k ds fy, nksuksa lewgksa dk [kkrk vkwu ykbzu csad eas gksuk vko';d gsa Hkkjr,slk ns'k gs] tgk jk"vªh;d`r csadksa esa ek= vkbz-lh-vkbz-lh-vkbzgh vkwuykbzu lqfo/kk ls ;qdr gsa ¼3½ bl O;oLFkk ds fy, mpp dksfv ds lozj gksuk vko';d gsa lk/kkj.k lozj ds blrseky ls xksiuh; nlrkost ds lkoztfud gksus dk Hk; jgrk gsa Hkkjr esa mpp rduhdh lozj dk vhkko gsa ¼4½ bz&dkwelz iw.kz:is.k fo'oluh;rk ij vk/kkfjr gs,oa blds vk/kkj ij ¼baVjusV ij ifjp;½ cm+h jde dk O;kolkf;d O;ogkj djuk tksf[ke Hkjk gsa ¼5½ bl O;oLFkk esa lhkh ds ikl bavjusv dh lqfo/kk gksuk vko';d gsa egkuxjksa esa gh tc bl rjg dh O;oLFkk lhfer yksxksa ds ikl gs] rks xk oksa o dlcksa rd bl O;oLFkk ds igq pus esa le; yxsxka lq>ko % ¼1½ /ku ds glrkarj.k esa vf/kd ikjnf'kzrk vk,a blds fy, vko';d gs fd lhkh csadksa dks vkwuykbzu fd;k tk,a ¼2½ bz&dkwelz dks vf/kd yksdfiz; cukus ds fy, gkbz LihM vkivhdy dscy yxsa bl O;ogkj ds varxzr bavjusv dusd'ku?kj ij,d fm'k,avhuk yxkdj izkir fd;k tk ldsxka ¼3½ bz&dkwelz iw.kz :i ls fo'oluh;rk ij gh fvdk gsa vr% mlds fy, fo'okl dk okrkoj.k rs;kj gksa mriknd rfkk mihkksdrk dks fo'okl eas ysuk gksxk] ftlds fy, vpnh lqfo/kk, iznku fd;k tkuk vko';d gsa gkykafd gky gh esa [kksyh xbz fofhkuu lkbzv~l] ckck cktkj MkWV dkwe] gkse VªsM MkWV dkwe] jsfmq MkWV dkwe] vkd"kzd vkwuykbzu 'kkfiax dh O;oLFkk dj mihkksdrkk dks utnhd ykus dk iz;kl dj jgh gsa bz&dkwelz ds lanhkz esa isfildks bafm;k gksfymax ds ps;jesu Jh ih-,e- flugk dk fopkj gs fd Hkkjr tsls fodkl'khy ns'k esa bz&dkwelz tslh vr;k/kqfud O;kikj iz.kkyh ds ek/;e ls O;kikj djus esa vhkh 15 ls 20 o"kz vksj yxsaxsa Hkkjr esa bl iz.kkyh dh vhkh 'kq:vkr gh gqbz gs] fdurq cgqr tynh gh ;g chek] csafdx lfgr lk/kkj.k nqdku ij viukbz tk;sxha ysfdu ;g r; gs fd dqn o"kks Z ckn lwpuk,oa lapkj {ks= es a vkbz bl ØkfUr dh cnksyr O;kikj djus dh iz.kkyh iwjh rjg cny tk,xha UGC - APPROVED - JOURNAL efjmeûe& efuebkeâ keâer meomùelee keâe Megukeâ Yegieleeve je ^erùeke=âle yeqkeâew Éeje meeroes š^ebmeheâj Ùee pecee efkeâùee pee mekeâlee nw~ yeqkeâ keâe efjejejce efvecveevegmeej nwyeqkeâ : mšsš yeqkeâ Dee@heâ FefC[Ùee yeçebûe : Deesu[ heueeefmeùee, Fvoewj, keâes[ - SBIN Keeles keâe veece : efjmeûe& efuebkeâ, Keelee vebyej Yegieleeve keâer cetue jmeero, MeesOe-he$e SJeb meer[er kesâ meele keâeùee&ueùeerve heles hej Yespevee DeefveJeeÙe& nw~ UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

6 UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 ifjp; % egkrek xk /kh us o"kz 1942 esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkanksyu vaxzstksa ds f[kykq pyk;k Fkk] ftlds ek/;e ls egkrek xk /kh us Lons'kh olrqvksa dk mi;ksx 'kq: djus dk vkogku fd;k Fkk vksj bl rjg [kknh dk tue gqvka egkrek xk /kh ds }kjk bl vkunksyu dks djus dks çeq[k dkj.k fons'kh olrqvks dk cfg"dkj djuk vksj vxzstksa dks Hkkjr ls ckgj djuk FkkA bl dk;z dk mn~ns'; xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks vkffkzd n`f"v ls Hkkjrh; vfkzo;olfkk ls tksm+uk Fkk vksj,d,slk czk.m rs;kj djuk Fkk] tks Hkkjrokfl;ksa dks vkrefuhkzjrk çnku dj ldsa o"kz 1920 esa ukxiqj esa gq, dkaxzsl l= ds nksjku [kknh dks çlrqr djus dk fu.kz; fy;k x;k] ;gha ls [kknh xzkeks ksx dh ;k=k dk vkjahk gqvka lozçfke mriknu bdkbz dkfb;kokm+ xqtjkr esa LFkkfir dh xbz FkhA egkrek xk /kh us [kknh dks vktknh ds ol= dg dj mldk myys[k fd;k FkkA bl rjg egrek xk /kh ds [kknh vkanksyu us yksdfç;rk gkfly dh vksj 1948 esa ubz Hkkjr ljdkj us xzkeh.k m ksx dh Hkwfedk dks eku;rk nha bugha ç;klksa dks pyrs bls iapo"khz; ;kstuk dk fgllk Hkh cuk;k x;k vksj [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx vk;ksx dks dqvhj m ksx ds :i esa igpkuk x;ka blds varxzr xzkeh.k {ks= vksj xzkeh.k m ksx dks ifjhkkf"kr fd;k x;k gsa xzkeh.k vksj lsok m ksxksa ds fy,,d O;kid Js.kh dk fuekz.k] m ksxksa dks xzkeh.k bykdksa esa LFkkfir djus dk dk;z vksj dqvhj m ksx ds fy, mriknksa dk mriknu djds vk; vftzr djus tslk ljkguh; dk;z Hkh bldh lgk;rk ls fd;k tk ldk gsa [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx vk;ksx ¼[kk-xzk-vk-½ dk l`tu,d fof/kfofgr fudk; ds :i esa laln ds,d vf/kfu;e ¼1956 ds 61 vksj 1987 ds vf/kfu;e C ommerce An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 162, Vol - XVI (7), September , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor Keeoer Deewj «eeceesåeesie DeeÙeesie keâer efjeheceve JÙetn-jÛevee keâe meceer#eelcekeâ DeOÙeÙeve Øemlegle MeesOehe$e cew Keeoer Deewj «eeceesåeesie DeeÙeesie keâer efjeheceve JÙetn-jÛevee keâe meceer#eelcekeâ DeOÙeÙeve efkeâùee ieùee nw~ MeesOehe$e cew ØecegKe he mes Keeoer «eeceesåeesie DeeÙeesie keâer mleevee kesâ GösMÙe Deewj Gvekesâ mecyeboe cew efkeâme Øekeâej keâer jceveerefleùeew Deewj ÙeespeveeDeeW keâe GheÙeesie keâj mejkeâej Éeje keâewve-keâewve mes keâoce G"eÙes pee jns nq, keâe ØecegKe he mes MeesOeeLeea Éeje DeOÙeÙeve efkeâùee ieùee nw~ Fmekesâ Debleie&le efjekesâvõerke=âle #es$e kesâ ØecegKe mebie"veew cew mes cegkùe he mes DeheveeF& ief& efjeheceve jceveerefle keâes mecepevee ner ØecegKe GösMÙe nw~ Øemlegle MeesOehe$e cew Keeoer «eeceesåeesie keâer mleehevee mes ueskeâj Gmekesâ Deye lekeâ kesâ cetuùeebkeâve keâer Ùee$ee keâes mhe keâjlee nw~ [e@.nscee efceßee* SJeb Deefveue Mecee&** la[;k 12 vksj 2006 vf/kfu;e la[;k 10 }kjk ;Fkk la'kksf/kr½ }kjk fd;k x;k gsa tks lw{e] y?kq vksj e/;e m e {ks= dk,d vfhkuu vax gs vksj LFkkuh; dks'ky] lalk/kuksa dk mi;ksx djds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx ds fodkl ds lkfk&lkfk cgqr gh de ykxr esa jkstxkj ds volj l`ftr djus ij tksj nsrk gsa [kknh dk o"kkzuqlkj Øe vksj bldh ;k=k % ¼1½ 1920 % [kknh vkanksyu] vf[ky Hkkjrh; jk"vªh; ukxiqj l= esa dkaxzsl csbd Lons'kh ds fy,,d jk"vªh; midj.k ds :i esa is'k fd;k x;ka ¼2½ 1923 % Hkkjr jk"vªh; dkaxzsl }kjk vf[ky Hkkjrh; cksmz dk fodkla ¼3½ 1925 % v y bafm;k fliulz,lksfl,'ku ¼,vkbZ,l,½ vf[ky Hkkjr pj[kk la?k dh LFkkiukA ¼4½ 1935 % v y bafm;k xzkeks ksx la?k ¼,vkbZohvkbZ,½ dk xbu fd;k x;k FkkA ¼5½ 1953 % vf[ky Hkkjrh; [kknh vksj xzke cksmz ¼,vkbZdsohch½ dh LFkkiuk 1953 ds tuojh esa gqbza ¼6½ 1956 % [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx vk;ksx vf/kfu;e 1956 dks 1957 esa ikfjr fd;k x;k FkkA rri'pkr [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx vk;ksx vflrro esa vk;ka [kk-xzk-vk- dh LFkkiuk dk mís'; % [kk-xzk-vk- dh LFkkiuk ds 3 fof'k"v mís'; fueu gsa % ¼1½ lkekftd mís';] ¼2½ vkffkzd mís';,oa ¼3½ vkrefuhkzj leqnk;a ¼1½ lkekftd mís'; % [kk-xzk-vk- ds varxzr Hkkjr ljdkj dk eq[; mís';,d fof/kor laxbu LFkkfir dj ;qokvksa *meneùekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (JeeefCepÙe efjeyeeie), ßeer keäuee@le ceekexâš keâvùee JeeefCepÙe ceneefjeåeeueùe, Fvoewj (ceoùeøeosme) **meneùekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (JeeefCepÙe efjeyeeie), keâceeosjeer ue[dì{e ceensõejer ceneefjeåeeueùe, Fvoewj (ceoùeøeosme) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

7 ds fy, jkstxkj l`tu dh lqfo/kk çnku djuk gsa gekjk Hkkjr ns'k d`f"k ç/kku ns'k gsa vkt Hkkjr dh vkcknh dk 70 izfr'kr d`f"k vfkzo;olfkk ij fuhkzj gsa o"kz 1947 esa tc ges a Lora=rk feyh rc d`f"k ekulwu ij gh fuhkzj jgrh Fkh] ftldk dksbz Hkh fuf'pr vk/kkj ugha gqvk djrk Fkk] ftls ge d`f"k tqvk Hkh dgrs FksA tc bl vfuf'prkvks a Hkjh lel;k vksj xahkhjrk dh vksj /;ku vkdf"kzr fd;k] rks ljdkj us bl lel;k ls fuivus ds fy, [kk-xzk-vk-dks osdfyid rjhds ds :i es a p;u dj mldh LFkkiuk ds ek/;e ls jkstxkjksa ds voljksa esa o`f) djus dk ç;kl fd;ka ¼2½ vkffkzd mís'; % Hkkjr esa fefjr vfkzo;olfkk gs vksj ewy :i ls d`f"k ij fuhkzj gs] ogh gekjs Hkkjr o"kz esa dyk vksj f'kyi dh,d le`) fojklr Hkh miyc/k gsa çr;sd jkt; ds çr;sd {ks= esa,d vyx&vyx lald`fr gs] ftls fodflr fd;k tk ldrk gs vksj bls cspus ds fy, vkffkzd :i ls O;ogk;Z cuk;k tk ldrk gsa ljdkj us bls etcwr djus dk fu.kz; fy;k vksj bl rjg ljdkj ds glr{ksi ls cm+s isekus ij dne mbk, x,] ftldk ifj.kke [kk-xzk-vk- dh LFkkiuk gsa ¼3½ vkrefuhkzj leqnk; % Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk [kk-xzk-vkds varxzr dkjhxjksa dks çf'k{k.k nsus vksj vksj mugsa foùk dh O;oLFkk djkus dk nkf;ro lksaik x;k gs] ftlds varxzr vk;ksx dks dkjhxjksa dks le;kuqlkj çf'k{k.k çnku dj mugsa vkrefuhkzj cuus ds fy, çsfjr djuk 'kkfey fd;k x;k gs] ftlls ns'k dh vfkzo;olfkk etcwr cu lds vksj og vkrefuhkzj cu ldsa [kk-xzk-vk- }kjk mís';ksa dks çkir djus ds fy, fd, x, ç;kl % ¼1½ xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa NksVs isekus ij dqvhj m ksx] dkjhxjksa vksj O;fäxr m e tsls ;ksx;,tsafl;ksa ds foùkiks"k.k ls xzkeh.k m ksxksa dks c<+kok nsus dk ç;kla ¼2½ fofhkuu {ks=ksa esa fo'ks"k :i ls xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa [kknh vksj xzkeh.k m ksxksa ds fodkl dks c<+kok nsuka ¼3½ xzkeh.k dkjhxjksa ds çpkj ds fy, y?kq m ksxksa ds lkfk leuo; djuka ¼4½ fcøh dsuæksa esa csps x, enksa ds fofhkuu mriknksa ds mriknu rduhdksa ds rjhdksa esa vuqla/kku dks c<+kok nsus vksj c<+kok nsus ds fy, mriknksa ds csgrj fodkl dh lqfo/kk nsus dk ç;kla ¼5½ xzkeh.k m ksxksa dh lgk;rk vksj lqfo/kk ds fy, HkaMkj dk fuekz.k djuka ¼6½ [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx mriknksa dh fcøh vksj foi.ku dk çpkja ¼7½ mriknksa dh xq.koùkk ds ekud fu/kkzfjr djuka ¼8½ [kknh vksj xzkeh.k m ksxksa esa yxs O;fä;ksa dks lgdkjh ç;klksa ds lkfk çksrlkgu nsuk vkfna foi.ku j.kuhfr;ksa dh i`"bhkwfe % j.kuhfr ljyre~ :i esa,d fo'ks"k y{; dks izkir djus ds fy, cukbz xbz dkjokbz dh,d ;kstuk gs] vkerksj ij j.kuhfr ds ckjs esa lkspk tkrk gs fd og izca/ku midj.k ds :i esa cm+s laxbuksa ds fy, gh mi;qzdr gs] ij,e-,l-,e-bz- ds fy, bldh t:jr eglwl ugha dh tkrh gs] ij ;g le>uk egroiw.kz gs fd j.kuhfr lhkh vkdkj ds laxbuksa ds fy, t:jh gsa,d vpnh rjg ls rs;kj dh xbz j.kuhfrd ;kstuk fdlh Hkh QeZ ds dezpkfj;ksa dks mlds iz;kstuksa vksj mn~ns';ksa dks,d Li"V n`f"v vksj fn'kk iznku djrh gs] dimk m ksxksa dh ubz&ubz rduhdksa vksj mles gksus okyk vn~hkwr ifjorzu ds vuq:i [kknh vksj xzkeks ksx vk;ksx dkqh finm x;k gs] ftlds çeq[k dkj.k fueu çdkj gsa % vk/kkjhkwr lajpuk vksj çfø;k % ¼1½ iqjkuh vo;oflfkr nqdkusa] ¼2½ iqjkus midj.k] ¼3½ volajpuk dk vhkko] ¼4½ NksVs&NksVs lalfkku,oa ¼5½ dkuwuh glr{ksi vkfna mrikn % ¼1½ lhfer mrikn Js.kh] ¼2½ xzkgd çkfkfedrkvksa dh vis{kk mrikn fodkl ij vf/kd /;ku] ¼3½ xzkgd çksqkbfyax ds fy, dksbz le> ugha] ¼4½ [kjkc mrikn isdsftax] ¼5½mRiknksa dh xq.koùkk dh tkap ugha] ¼6½ mfpr LV d ugha gs vkfna foi.ku vksj fcøh j.kuhfr;k % ¼1½ [kjkc xzkgd lsok vksj vuqhko] ¼2½ xzkgd ls ekufld cks/k dk vhkko] ¼3½ vf/kdka'k fcøh vksj çpkj xfrfof/k;k xk /kh t;arh ds vklikl gh djuk] ¼4½ O;kikj i)fr esa çf'k{k.k dk vhkko] ¼5½ [kjhnkjksa ds chp tkx#drk dk vhkko] ¼6½ cgqr de foi.ku j.kuhfr;k ] ¼7½ mriknksa dh bavjusv miflfkfr vis{kkd`r de vkfna [kk-xzk-vk-}kjk orzeku esa viukbz xbz izeq[k foi.ku j.kuhfr;k % tc dhkh Hkh foi.ku j.kuhfr;k rs;kj dh tkrh gsa] rks mles foi.ku ds {ks= ds lhkh cqfu;knh] vyidkfyd vksj nh?kzdkfyd xfrfof/k;k 'kkfey dh tkrh gsa] tks dh,d daiuh dh j.kuhfrd çkjafhkd flfkfr ds fo'ys"k.k vksj cktkj mueq[k j.kuhfr;ksa ds fu/kkzj.k] ewy;kadu vksj p;u ds lkfk lksnk djrh gsa] blfy, blesa {kerk gksrh gs dh y{;ksa vksj blds foi.ku mís';ksa dks iwjk dj ldsa [kknh }kjk fcøh c<+kus ds fy, foi.ku igy fueukuqlkj gs % ¼1½ mrikn fodkl % cgqr lkjs fopkj vksj vuqla/kku ds ckn u, mriknksa dks 'kq: fd;k tkrk gsa [kknh ds mriknksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, Hkh fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gsa mldk çeq[k dkj.k gs fd vkt fo'o i;kzoj.k ds vuqdwy gksus dh vksj vxzflr gks jgk gsa i;kzoj.k dks vf/kd c<+kok nsus ds fy, ;g t:jh gks x;k gs fd blh igy ds varxzr [kknh mrikn ds :i esa lhkh çkfrd vksj gkfk ls cus mriknksa dk mriknu gksa blds rgr [kknh] Qkbcj] pem+s] xuuk ckal] vxjcùkh] çlalr [kk mrikn] 'kgn vksj glrfufezr dkxt tsls m ksxksa dks [kk-xzk-vk-dh Js.kh esa j[kk x;k gs] ftldk ifj.kke gs fd [kknh mriknksa dh fcøh dh otg ls finys dqn lkyksa esa xzkgdksa dh fopkj/kkjk esa cnyko vk;k gsa ¼2½ çn'kzfu;k % o"kz 1990 ls ljdkj us ftyk Lrj ij] {ks=h; Lrj ij] jkt; Lrj ij vksj jk"vªh; Lrj ij fofhkuu çn'kzfu;ksa dks çlrqr fd;k gsa ;g mriknksa dks cspus vksj oklrfod [kknh mriknks a ds ckjs es a tkx:drk QSykus vksj dkjhxjks a UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

8 dks vius mriknksa dks çnf'kzr djus esa Hkh enn djrh gsa blds ek/;e ls jkstxkj ds volj vksj [kknh ds mriknksa dks eqgs;k djk;k tkrk gsa ¼3½ ljdkjh dk;kzy;ksa esa [kknh czkam dks c<+kok nsuk% ljdkj us dqn ea=ky;ksa esa ljdkjh dezpkfj;ksa dks vfuok;z ol= ds :i es a [kknh dim+ s ds fy, [kknh dh fcøh c<+kus dh igy dh gsa ljdkj ljdkjh dk;kzy;ksa esa 'kqøokj dks iguus ds fy, [kknh vfuok;z cukus dh lksp jgh gsa orzeku esa esd bu bafm;k ds vfhk;ku esa orzeku ljdkj [kknh dks Hkkjr ds czkam cukus dh cgqr dksf'k'k dj jgh gsa ogh vius u, ç;kl esa [kk-xzk-vk-hkh Ldwyksa vksj d ystksa esa [kknh dim+ks dks c<+kok ns jgk gsa ¼4½ fu;kzr dks c<kok % fo'o Lrj ij [kk-xzk-vk-ds mriknksa dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ljdkj varjjk"vªh; O;kikj esys vksj çn'kzfu;ksa esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, dkjhxjksa vksj [kkxzk-vk-us xzkeks ksxh lalfkkvksa] bdkbz;ksa ds lkfk nqcbz] vklvªsfy;k] bvyh] ;w,l, esa vk;ksftr 4 O;kikj çn'kzfu;ksa vksj esyksa esa Hkkx fy;k] ftlds ifj.kke Lo:i fu;kzr dks c<kok feyka ¼5½ ØsfMV çokg esa o`f) % lw{e] y?kq vksj e/;e m e ea=ky; ds ek/;e ls dsaæ ljdkj] [kk-xzk-vk- dks ;kstuk vksj xsj&;kstuk çeq[kks a ds rgr viuh fofhkuu xfrfof/k;ks a dks djus ds fy, /ku çnku djrh gsa bu QaMksa dks eq[; :i ls vuqnku vksj _.k ds ek/;e ls çnku fd;k tkrk gs] tks fd vk;ksx mugs a vius dk;kzuo;u,ts afl;ks a] jkt; [kk-xzk-oh cks-] lkslkbvh iathdj.k vf/ kfu;e] 1860 ds rgr iathr lalfkkuks a vksj lgdkjh vf/ kfu;eks a ds rgr iathr lgdkjh lfefr;ks a dks iqu% vkoafvr djrk gsa ¼6½ HkaMkj dk vk/kqfudhdj.k vksj Lda/k j[kj[kko % orzeku esa vkt O;olk; esa çfrli/khz dh flfkfr esa nqfu;k esa çks ksfxdh vksj vk/kqfudrk lqyrk dh dqath cu x;k gs],slh flfkfr es a ;g vko';d gs fd [kk-xzk-vk- vius Hk.Mkjksa esa Hkh lq/ kkj djs] D;ksafd Lda/k og gs] tks xzkgd dks LVksj esa [khaprk gs] rkfd dkjhxj ls LVksj dh ;k=k dk muu;u fd;k tk ldsa orzeku es a ljdkj HkaMkj dh ejeer dj jgh gs vksj mugsa,d vk/ kqfud 'kks:e dk :i ns jgh gsa ¼7½ [kk-xzk-vk- }kjk O;fäxr çf'k{k.k % orzeku esa xzkgdksa dks O;kikj dh vk/kkjf'kyk ekuk tkrk gs],slh flfkfr esa çfr;ksxh okrkoj.k esa xzkgdksa ds lkfk vpns laca/kksa dks gksuk T;knk vfuok;z gks pqdk gsa buqkesz'ku rduhd fohkkx] foùk fohkkx],pvkj fohkkx vkfn lfgr çr;sd fohkkx dks çf'k{k.k fn;k tkuk pkfg,] rkfd çf'k{k.k lhkh dezpkfj;ksa dks çkir gks lds] u fd dsoy mpp Lrj ds dezpkfj;ksa dksa blds vfrfjä vk;ksx dks uohure midj.kksa vksj uohu rduhfd;ksa ds lkfk mriknksa vksj xzkgdksa dks lahkkyus ds fy, vko';d dks'ky ges'kk cktkj vksj ekax vuq:i rs;kj jguk pkfg,a fu"d"kz % ¼1½ fokkiu ds fy, fofhkuu ek/;eksa dk ç;ksx djuk pkfg,] ftlesa eq[; :i ls Vhoh psuy] jsfm;ks],q,e] lekpkj i=ksa vksj bavjusv tsls fokkiu ds ek/;e çeq[k gsa ¼2½ v uykbu ekdszfvax vksj v uykbu fcøh vkmvysv }kjk [kknh dks c<+k;k tkuk pkfg,a vkt ds le; esa v uykbu lcls cm+k ekdszfvax IysVQ ez gs] tks,d fuf'pr le; esa djksm+ksa rd igq prk gsa ¼3½ Hk.Mkjksa dks T;knk vkd"kzd rjhds ls mriknksa dks j[kuk pkfg,] rkfd xzkgd vkdf"kzr gks ldsa ¼4½ O;kolkf;d isdsftax vksj mrikn fodkl dks lq/kkjus dh vko';drk gksrh gs] D;ksafd isdsftax mrikn ds lexz çhkko ij cgqr çhkko Mkyrh gsa ¼5½ LFkkuh; lalk/kuksa vksj vuqdwyuh; rduhdksa dk vf/kdre mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,a ¼6½ xzkgd vk/kkj c<+kus vksj u, vfhkuo rjhds [kkstus ds fy, cktkj vuqla/kku fohkkx dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg,a lanhkz % (1) Gupta, Dipankar : Whither the Indian Village-Culture and Agriculturein Rural' India, Economic and Political Weekly, February 2005, PP (2) Mrs. Padmasani, S.Murganandan and M.Yazhini (2009) : Rural Consumer's Attitude Towards Khadi Products, Department of Commerce, Bharathiar University, Coimbtore. (3) Anjum, Dr. Darakshan : An Analysis of Khadi and Village Industry Sector in J & K, ZENITH International Journal of Multi disciplinary, Research Volume 1, Issue 8, Dec.2011, ISSN (4) Bhaskaran, Dr. E. : The Technical Efficiency of Khadi and Village Industries Clusters in India, Deputy Director of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu, July-August (5) _Re-categorisation.pdf (6) (7) (8) (9) peoe valu/kvic_fin.pdf UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

9 UGC Approved Journal Research Link Since March 2002 C ommerce An International, Registered & Referred Monthly Journal : Research Link - 162, Vol - XVI (7), September , Page No ISSN RNI - MPHIN Impact Factor efjeefyeve osmeew cew iejeryeer jskee kesâ veerûes peerjeveùeeheve keâjves JeeueeW keâer iecevee : Skeâ DeOÙeÙeve Øemlegle MeesOehe$e cew efjeefyeve osmeew cew iejeryeer jskee kesâ veerûes peerjeveùeeheve keâjves JeeueeW keâer iecevee keâe DeOÙeÙeve efkeâùee ieùee nw~ Dee@keämeheâes[& efjeõeefjeåeeueùe ves Dee@keämeheâes[& heeješea SC[ [sjeuehecewš FveerefMeSefšJe (DeesheerSÛeDeeF&) 2010 kesâ lenle iejeryeer ceeheves kesâ efues ceušer [eùecewmeveue heeješea Fb[keäme (SceheerDeeF&) yeveeùee nw~ Fme metûekeâebkeâ cew iejeryeew kesâ ÛeÙeve kesâ efues efme#ee, mjeemlùe Deewj peerjeve mlej keâes cegkùe Fb[erkesâšj yeveeùee nw~ Fve leerve cegkùe Fb[erkesâšj kesâ Yeerlej kegâue 10 Fb[erkesâšj yevees ies nq, efpevecew efyepeueer, heeveer Deewj mesefvešsmeve Yeer Meeefceue nw~ Fme metûekeâebkeâ kesâ cegleeefyekeâ Yeejle cew 55.4 heâermeoer ueesie iejerye nq Deewj iejerye Deeyeeoer keâer efnmmesoejer heeefkeâmleeve mes DeefOekeâ nw~ [e@.jeveer Megkeäuee izlrkouk % xjhcksa ds p;u dk vk/kkj % izr;{k xjhc] cs?kj] lm+dksa ij jgus okys yksx] dwm+k cvksjus okys] ewy vkfnoklh vksj dkuwuh rksj ij fjgk djk, x, ca/kqvk etnwja xjhch js[kk ds Åij % eksvj okgu okys?kj] enyh idm+us dh iathd`r uko okys?kj] VªsDVj vksj gkjoslvj tsls e'khuh d`f"k ;a= j[kus okys?kj] :- ls vf/kd dh ØsfMV fyfev okyk fdlku ØsfMV dkmz j[kus okys?kj] ljdkjh dezpkjh dk?kj ¼vk'kk vksj vkaxuckm+h tsls dk;zdrkz blls ckgj gksaxs½] fdlh Hkh rjg ds iathd`r m e okys?kj] 10]000 :- eghus ls vf/kd dh vkenuh okys?kj] vk;dj ;k izksqs'kuy VSDl nsus okys?kj] 3 ;k vf/kd dejksa okys idds edku esa jgk ifjokj] fqzt ;k ysamykbu Qksu j[kus okys ifjokja xjhch ds lkfk gh tkfr dh x.kuk ij eqgj yxkdj dsunzh; ea=heamy us yecs le; ls pyh vk jgh ^^xjhch gvkvks jktuhfr dks u;s fljs ls gok nh gsa ysfdu bl pddj esa ljdkj us tux.kuk ds ewy fl)karksa dks gh flj ds cy [km+k dj fn;k gs] tux.kuk 'kq: gksus ds igys gh ljdkj dks c[kwch ekywe gs fd ns'k esa 37-2 Qhlnh yksx xjhch js[kk ds uhps jgus okys ¼chih,y½ gs vksj ;kstuk vk;ksx bl ckr ij vm+k gqvk gs fd fxurh pkgs fdlh Hkh isekus ij dj yh tk,] chih,y dh la[;k 37-2 Qhlnh gh jgsxha lqizhe dksvz dh QVdkj ds ckotwn bl vkadm+s dk isv Hkjus ds fy, chih,y dh fxurh dk dke twu ds var rd 'kq: gks tk;sxka bl ij iwjs 4000 djksm+ :- dh jde [kpz gksus dk vuqeku gsa mís'; % ¼1½ chih,y tux.kuk ds xf.kr dks vklku Hkk"kk esa le>uka ¼2½ ljdkj igys ls r; djuk pkgrh gs fd og viuh ;kstukvksa esa chih,y ds fy, fdruk islk [kpz djsxha ¼3½ chih,y dh cm+h rknkn ckn esa dksbz >a>v [km+k u djs] blds fy, ;kstuk, fu/kkzfjr djuka ¼4½ ljdkj us ctv ds lkfk gh xjhcksa dh la[;k Hkh r; dj yh gs] ftlls mudh t:jrksa dks iwjk fd;k tk ldsa ¼5½ ch-ih-,y- dh vkcknh ds vuqlkj ljdkj ds ikl islk fdruk gs] mldh tk p djuka ekeys dh rg esa tk, a rks fn[krk gs fd ;kstuk vk;ksx dk cl pyrk rks ;g xjhcksa dh la[;k dks 37-2 Qkhlnh ls uhps j[krk] ysfdu chih,y dh :ijs[kk r; djus ds fy, cuh lqjs'k rsanqydj desvh us vizsy 2010 esa lksaih viuh fjiksvz esa dgk gs fd ns'k ds xzkeh.k {ks= esa 41-8 Qhlnh vkcknh xjhc gsa ogha 'kgjh {ks= esa xjhch dk vkadm+k 25-7 Qhlnh jgka bl rjg xk o vksj 'kgj feykdj ns'k dh dqy xjhc vkcknh 37-2 Qhlnh eku yh xbza rsanqydj desvh us us'kuy lseiy losz vkxszukbts'ku ds 2004&05 esa fd, x, us'kuy gkmlgksym date'ku,disamhpj losz ds vk/kkj ij ;g vkadm+k is'k fd;k] ets dh ckr ;g fd blh losz{k.k ds vk/kkj ij ljdkj xjhch dh rknkn dks 27 Qhlnh ekudj py jgh Fkh] ysfdu ckn esa ;kstuk vk;ksx rsanqydj desvh dh fjiksvz dks eatwj dj yha m/kj chih,y tux.kuk dk rjhdk lq>kus ds fy, xfbr,u-lh-ldlsuk desvh us iks"k.k ds vk/kkj ij ns'k esa 50 Qhlnh yksxksa dks xjhc ekuk] ogha vkdlqksmz fo'ofo ky; ds 2010 ds vkdyu ds eqrkfcd ns'k esa 55 Qhlnh yksx xjhc gsa] ij meneùekeâ ØeeOÙeehekeâ (JeeefCepÙe efjeyeeie), mes" Deej.meer.Sme. keâuee SJeb JeeefCepÙe ceneefjeåeeueùe, ogie& (ÚòeermeieÌ{) UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

10 ;kstuk vk;ksx us bu vkadm+ksa dks Lohdkj ugha fd;ka chih,y tux.kuk esa uksmy,tsalh dh Hkwfedk fuhkk jgs dsunzh; xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; ds lfpo ch-ds-flugk us lkq 'kcnksa esa dgk] ^^chih,y tux.kuk esa ns'k dh iwjh vkcknh esa ls 37-2 Qhlnh xjhcksa dh igpku djus dk dke fd;k tkuk gsa^^ xzkeh.k fodkl ea=ky; ds vykok 'kgjh fodkl ea=ky; vksj x`g ea=ky; Hkh uksmy,tsalh gksaxs vksj tux.kuk ds fy, dezpkjh tqvkus dk dke jkt; ljdkjksa dks djuk gsa Hkys gh dksbz losz{k.k xjhc vkcknh dh eksvh rlohj ns ldrk gs] ysfdu losz{k.k ds vkadm+s tux.kuk ds O;kid vkadm+ksa ls t;knk izekf.kd rks ugha gks ldrsa,sls esa losz{k.k ds urhts dks tux.kuk ij Fkksiuk dgk rd tk;t gs \ bl loky ij flugk us dgk] gesa tux.kuk ds ek/;e ls 37-2 Qhlnh xjhc yksxksa dks NkaVus dk dke feyk gsa gekjk dke ;kstuk vk;ksx ds funsz'kksa dk vuqikyu djuk gsa bl tux.kuk ds ek/;e ls ns'k dh iwjh vkcknh dk vkffkzd oxhzdj.k gks tk,xk vksj buesa ls lcls xjhc 37-2 Qhlnh yksx chih,y ekus tk,axsa bl vkadm+s ls NsM+NkM+ dk vf/kdkj gekjs ikl ugha gsa ^^xksjryc gs] chih,y tux.kuk dk ;g dke iwjh rjg dei;wvjkbtm gksxka blds fy, 6 yk[k ls vf/kd VscysV ihlh ¼ysiVkWi tslk dei;wvj½ dk blrseky fd;k tk jgk gsa ogha tkfr ds vkadm+s xqir j[ks tk;saxs vksj ljdkj ckn esa bugsa lkoztfud djsxha Xkjhcksa dh rjg dh fxurh fdl gn rd tk;t gs] bl loky ij ihiqyl ;wfu;u QkWj flfoy fycvhz ¼ih;wlh,y½ dh lfpo dfork JhokLro dgrh gs] ^^ih;wlh,y igys ls gh Hkw[k vksj xjhch ds eqís ij lqizhe dksvz esa ;kfpdk nkf[ky dj pqdk gsa bl rjg dh euekuh tux.kuk xjhcksa ds lkfk etkd gsa xksjryc gs fd ;wihlh,y dh ;kfpdk dh lquokbz ds nksjku gh lqizhe dksvz us ;ktuk vk;ksx ls iwnk Fkk fd xk o esa 15 :- izfrfnu vksj 'kgj esa 20 :- izfrfnu ls vf/k dekus okys O;fDr dks og fdl vk/kkj ij xjhch js[kk ls ckgj dj jgk gsa vk;ksx us izfrfnu dh blh vk; ds vk/kkj ij 37-2 Qhlnh xjhcksa dk vkadm+k rs;kj fd;k x;k gsa m/kj vk;ksx dh csrqdh ftn dk fojks/k c<+rk tk jgk gs] lksfu;k xk /kh dh v/;{krk esa okyh jk"vªh; lykgdkj ifj"kn~ ds dqn lnl;ksa us rks vk;ksx ds n rj ;kstuk Hkou ds ckgj 23 ebz dks /kjuk&izn'kzu Hkh fd;ka buesa T;ka nzst] v:.kk jk; vksj g"kz eanj Hkh 'kkfey gsa] /kjus ds ckn vk;ksx ds mik/;{k eksavsd flag vgywokfy;k us izn'kzudkfj;ksa ds lkfk can dejs es a eqykdkr Hkh dha csbd esa ekstwn lw=ksa ds eqrkfcd nksuksa i{k viuh ckr ij vm+s jgs] bl nksjku vgywokfy;k us dgk fd xjhch dk dksbz uk dksbz isekuk rks igys ls r; djuk gh im+sxka vk;ksx dks Mj gs fd vxj Åij ls xjhch dh la[;k r; ugha dh tk,xh rks jkt; ljdkjsa bl la[;k dks vius fglkc ls c<+k ldrh gsa mldh vly fpark ;g gs fd xjhcksa dh la[;k 37-2 Qhlnh ekuus ij gh [kk lfclmh ds ekstwnk fcy esa 6]000 djksm+ :- dk btkqk gks tk,xka ;g fcy ekstwnk 55]780 djksm+ :Ik;s ls c<+dj 61]780 :- gks tk,xka vxj xjhcks a dh la[;k 50 Qhlnh rd igqap xbz rks lfclmh dk cks> mbkkuk ljdkj ds fy, Hkkjh gksxka csbd es a ekstwn T;ka nzst us vk;ksx ls dgk fd chih,y ns'k esa xjhch ds fu/kkzj.k dh csl ykbu gs] blfy, lfclmh ls bls tksm+uk Bhd ugha gs] xjhcks a dk fu/kkzj.k mudh xjhch ds vk/kkj ij gks] uk fd lfclmh fcy ds vk/kkj ija mugksaus ;g Hkh dgk fd tux.kuk esa chih,y,dldywtu ¼xjhch js[kk ls ckgj djuk½ ij ftruk islk [kpz gksxk] mles a rks cgqr ls xjhcks a dk Hkyk gks tk,xka chih,y tux.kuk ds ekstwnk rjhds ij v:.kk jk; dk ekuuk gs fd bl rjg ds xjhcksa dh fxurh djuk ns'k dh xjhc vkcknh ds lkfk f[kyokm+ gsa bl fxurh esa vlyh xjhc ckgj NwV tk;saxsa,sls vkadm+s tc jk'ku forj.k iz.kkyh es a ykxw fd;s tk;s axs rks blds urhts Hk;kud gks axsa ljdkj xjhcks a dh vlyh la[;k ls Mj jgh gs] ysfdu ftl rjg,u,lh us Hkh tux.kuk dks eatwjh ns nh gs] mlls yxrk ugh fd,ulh lnl;ksa dk fojks/k dksbz vlj Mky ik;k gsa vc tjk bl ij utj Mkys a fd vkf[kj ljdkj us xjhcks a dks [kkstus dk D;k uk;kc rjhdk cuk;k gsa xjhcksa ds p;u ds fy, rhu Js.kh cukbz xbz gsa lh/ks rksj ij utj vkus okys xjhc] lh/ ks rksj ij utj vkus okys xjhc lh/ks rksj ij xjhch dh lhek ls ckgj ds yksx vksj xjhch ds fofhkuu Lrj ds yksx blesa lcls T;knk isp bl Js.kh esa gsa rhljh Js.kh esa ls de vad ikus okys cgqr ls xjhc chih,y lwph ls xk;c gks tk,axsa ljdkj viuh fofhkuu ;kstukvks a es a lgwfy;r ds fygkt ls tc pkgs axh] yksxks a dks 'kkfey dj ysxh vksj tc pkgsxh] ckgj dj nsxha bl rjg gj ;kstuk ds vius&vius xjhc utj vk;saxsa blh dok;n dks varjkz"vªh; utfj, ls ns[ksa rks rlohj dqn vksj gh fn[krh gs] vkwdlqksmz fo'ofo ky; us vksdlqksmz ikovhz fofhkuu ns'kksa esa xjhch ds vk dm+s ns'k xjhcksa dk izfr kr Hkkjr 55-4 phu 12-5 usiky 64-7 Jhyadk 5-3 ikfdlrku 51-1 ckaxykns k 57-8 bjkd 14-2 L=ksr % eyvhmk;esa'kuy ikovhz bamsdl ¼,eihvkbZ½] vkdlqksmz ikovhz,.m g~;weu MsoyiesaV buhf'k,fvo 2010-,.M MsoyiesaV buhf'k,fvo ¼vksih,pvkbZ½ 2010 ds rgr xjhch ekius ds fy, eyvhmk;esa'kuy ikovhz bamdl ¼,eihvkbZ½ cuk;k gsa bl lwpdkad esa xjhcksa ds p;u ds fy, f'k{kk] LokLF; vksj thou Lrj dks eq[; bamhdsvj cuk;k x;k gsa bu rhu eq[; bamhdsvj ds Hkhrj dqy 10 bamhdsvj cuk, x, gsa] ftues a fctyh] UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September

11 fofhkuu ns'kksa esa xjhch ds vk dm+s xjhcksa dk izfr kr Hkkjr phu usiky Jhyadk ikfdlrku ckaxykns k 40 bjkd Hkkjr phu usiky Jhyadk ikfdlrku ckaxykns k bjkd ikuh vksj lsfuvs'ku Hkh 'kkfey gsa bl lwpdkad ds eqrkfcd Hkkjr esa 55-4 Qhlnh yksx xjhc gs vksj xjhc vkcknh dh fgllsnkjh ikfdlrku ls vf/kd gsa Jhyadk dh rqyuk esa ns'k esa 10 xquk T;knk xjhc gsa vksj bl ekeys esa ge bjkd tsls v'kkar ns'k ls Hkh vkxs gsaa,sls esa loky mbrk gs fd igys ls r; la[;k ds vk/kkj ij D;k okdbz xjhcksa ds vkadm+s dhkh lkeus vk ik;saxsa bl ckr dk iwjk vans'kk gs fd yqfv;u dh fnyyh ls Fkksih tkus okyh ifj;kstuk, xk /kh ds xk oksa ij,d ckj fqj ls cgqr Hkkjh xqtjsa] vksj urhtk ogh fudys tsls tudfo ukxktqzu us,d viuh dfork esa dgk gs] ckdh cp x;k vamka fu"d"kz % vkffkzd lkekftd gkykr ds vk/kkj ij xjhch ds fy, 'kwu; ls lkr ds chp vad fn;s tk;saxs] lcls vf/kd vad okys ifjokj dks xjhch lwph esa uke ntz djkus dh izkfkfedrk feysxha dsfcusv esa ikl izlrko esa ;g rks dgk x;k gs fd lcls T;knk xjhc ifjokjksa dks lcls T;knk vad feysaxsa ysfdu vad iz.kkyh dh ckjhfd;ka r; fd;k tkuk vhkh ckdh gsa vad iz.kkyh esa xjhcksa dks vkffkzd Lrj ds vk/kkj ij lwphc) fd;k tk,xka ;kstuk vk;ksx }kjk r; lhek dks Nwus ij chih,y lwph iw.kz eku yh tk,xha lanhkz % ¼1½ eyvhmk;es a'kuy ikovhz bamsdl ¼,eihvkbZ½] vkdlqksmz ikovhz,.m g~;weu MsoyiesaV buhf'k,fvo ¼2½ if=dk, A ¼3½ bavjusva UGC - APPROVED - JOURNAL UGC Approved - Research Link - An International Journal-162 Vol-XVI (7) September