UPSC MAINS QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS

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1 1 UPSC MAINS fu/kkzfjr le; % rhu?kavs Time Allowed : Three Hours vf/kdre vad % 300 Maximum Marks 300 QUESTION PAPER SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONS Please read each of the following instructions carefully before attempting questions All questions are to be attempted. The number of markes carried by a question/part is indicated against it. Answer must be written in HINDI ( Devanagri script) unless otherwise directed in the question. Word limit in questions, wherever specified, should be adhered to and if answered in much longer or shorter than the prescribed length, marks may be deducted. Any page or portion of the page left blank in the Question-cum-Answer Booklet must be clearly struck off. 1. fueufyf[kr esa ls fdlh,d fo"k; ij 600 'kcnksa esa fucu/k fyf[k, % 100 (a) (b) (c) (d) ;qokvksa esa c<+rk ruko vlqyrk lqyrk ikus dk vxyk dne gs D;k i<+us dh vknr esa fxjkov vk jgh gs\ lekt esa va/kfo oklksa ls pyrk la?k"kz 2- fueufyf[kr x ka k dks /;kuiwozd if<+, vksj mlds vk/kkj ij uhps fn, x, iz uksa ds mÿkj Li"V] lgh vksj laf{kir Hkk"kk esa nhft, % 12 5=60 fjiksv~lz crkrh gsa fd Hkkjr ds dkwystksa ls vkus okys 80 izfr kr yksx jkstxkj ds v;ksx; gsaa ;qok&ih<+h ds leidz esa jgus okyksa esa ls,d] esa fdurq flqz bu vk dm+ksa ls vlger gkså xka

2 2 ;qokvksa ls leidz ds vk/kkj ij es dsoy bruk dg ldrk gw fd muessa djhc 90 izfr kr blfy, jkstxkj ds v;ksx; gsa D;ksafd os,dne vfuf pr o vuqÿkjnk;h gsa ;qok yksx] dgha ik oz esa jgrs gq, xyfr;ksa dh 'kq:vkr xyr&o;ogkj ls Hkjs fo okl ds lkfk djrs gsa os cgqr islk rks cukuk pkgrs gsa fdurq fcuk dqn fd, gq, gha,slk ugha gs fd os csdkj gsa] vf/kdka k vpnh vaxzsth cksyrs gsa vksj vius ckjs esa fo okl ls Hkjs gsa os uohure fjaxvksul] fqyeksa vksj pqvdqyksa ds tkudkj gsa ysfdu tsls gh dksbz FkksM+k vkxs c<+rk gs rks os viuh fjä vk [kksa ls eq>s?kwjus yxrs gsa os cgqr islk dekuk pkgrs gsa] ftlds fy, ehfm;k&gkbi vksj fu;fer izdkf kr gksus okys osru&loksaz dks /ku;okn] ysfdu muds ikl oks n{krk ugha gs tks fd mudks bl izdkj ls islk vtzu djus esa enn djsa mudh fmxzh dk fygkt djrs gq, Lukrd&Lrj ds fo"k;ksa ds dqn iz u iwnsa] muesa ls vf/kdka k,dne gdykus&ls yxrs gsaa vksj] vfrfjä i<kbz ds fo"k; esa] dksbz Hkh fdlh fu"d"kz dks ugha i<+ ikrk gsa ysfdu ;gk dqn vksj iz u Hkh gsaa lnkpkj vksj O;ogkj ds ckjs esa iz u] vki esa D;k vpnk gs] vki viuk vfrfjä le; dsls O;rhr djrs gsa] vksj rc ;s vk olr ym+ds o ym+fd;ksa ds lewg esjs dks bl la k; ls xzlr fn[kykbz im+rs gsa& Þeq>s bu iz uksa dks D;k mÿkj nsuk pkfg, \ß mudks ;g dguk mfpr ugha gs fd ;g mudh viuh ftanxh gs vksj mudks vius ckjs esa eq>s crykuk pkfg,] D;ksfd oks ges kk cus&cuk, rs;kj mÿkj nsuk pkgrs gs],slk dguk tks mudks lgk;rk nsrs gq, blls eqä djsa os dgrs gsa fd & Þ ;fn esa ;g vh;kl Ik;kZIr ek=k esa d: ] rks es,slk t:j fl) d: xkaß bl rjg ;qok yksx jkrksajkr yksyqi ikbd] fxvkj&oknd] LVkj&cYysckt vksj ;gk rd fd vfhkusrk rd gks tkrs gsa eq>s vk pz; gs ;fn dksbz ukle> HksaVdrkZ mudh vk/kh&v/kwjh dgkfu;ksa ij fo okl djsaa pw fd] Hkkjr vkxs c<+ jgk gs] gekjs ikl,d,slh ykijokg ih<h rs;kj [km+h gs] ftldk,dek= y{; fcuk dqn fd,,d vpnh ftanxh thuk gsa,slk izrhr gksrk gs fd ge eqyeek p<+h,slh QkSt fufezr dj jgs gsa] tks fcuk dqn n kzu] fcuk opuc)rk ;k lnkpkj ls Hkjh gsa viuh pem+h dks cpkus vksj dqn mi;qä djus esa ls fdlh,d dk pquko djus dks dgus ij] vf/kdka k ;qokvksa dk tokc njvly esa vius dks cpkus dk gh gksxka,slk ekuk tkrk gs fd tc ge ;qok gksrs gsa rks gekjs vanj dqn vknz kokn fo eku gksrk gs] gekjs fopkj dqn le> ugha fufezr dj ikrs fdurq ge fdlh iz;kstu ds izfr [km+s gksus ds bpnqd rks jgrs gsaa vktdy ds ;qokvksa esa fdlh iz;kstu ds izfr dksbz Hkkokos k ugha gksrka bl ih<h ds vr;ar iwokzh;kl ls fofufezr mÿkjksa dks lqudj es le>rk gw fd u;k ea= islk gsa blds vykok ;fn dksbz dqn vksj egroiw.kz ckrsa dgrk gs] rks oks iqjkru gsa

3 3 ¼a½ os D;k otgsa gsa] ftuds dkj.k ;qok jkstxkj ds v;ksx; gs \ ¼b½ vkt dk ;qok ys[kd ls D;k pkgrk gs\ ¼c½ ys[kd ds vuqlkj orzeku ;qok ih<+h dk,dek= iz;kstu D;k gs\ ¼d½ vkt ds ;qok ds chp fopkj.kh; u;k ea= D;k gs\ ¼e½ orzeku ;qok ih<+h dk vkn kzokn ds izfr D;k utfj;k gs\ 3- fueufyf[kr x ka k dk la{ksi.k ¼Precis½,d&frgkbZ 'kcnksa esa fyf[k,a 'kh"kzd nsus dh vko ;drk ugha gsa la{ksi.k viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kk tkuk pkfg, % 60 j{kk {ks= esa fons kksa ij fuhkzjrk de djuk vksj vkrefuhkzjrk izkir djuk lkefjd vksj vkffkzd nksuksa dkj.kksa ls vkt ;g,d fodyi ds ctk;,d vko ;drk gsa ljdkj us vrhr esa gekjs l kl= cyksa dh vko ;drkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, vk;q/k fuekzf.k;ksa vksj lkoztfud {ks= ds miøeksa ds :Ik esa mriknu {kerkvksa dk fuekz.k fd;ka gkyk fd] fofhkuu j{kk miøeksa ds mriknu dh {kerkvksa dks fodflr djus ds fy, Hkkjr esa futh {ks= dh Hkwfedk c<+kus ij tksj nsus dh vko ;drk gsa fofhké olrqvksa ds fuekz.k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, ^esd bu bafm;k^ tslh,d egroiw.kz igy dh xbz gsa vu; olrqvksa dh vis{kk j{kk midj.kksa ds?kjsyw mriknu dh vf/kd t:jr gs] D;ksfd buls u dsoy cgqewy; fons kh eqnzk dh cpr gksxh] cfyd jk"vªh; lqj{kk fpurkvksa dks Hkh nwj fd;k tk ldsxka j{kk {ks= esa ljdkj gh,dek= mihkksäk gsa vr% ^esd bu bafm;k^ gekjh [kjhn uhfr }kjk lapkfyr gksxha ljdkj dh?kjsyw j{kk m ksx dks c<+kok nsus dh uhfr] j{kk [kjhn uhfr esa vpnh rjg ifjyf{kr gksrh gsa tgk ^ ckb bafm;u^ rfkk ^ckb,am esd bafm;u^ Jsf.k;ksa dk ckb Xykscy ls igys LFkku vkrk gsa vkus okys le; esa vk;kr nqyzhk ls nqyzhkre gksrk tk,xk vksj t:jh O;oLFkk ds fuekz.k vksj fodkl ds fy, lozizfke volj Hkkjrh; m ksx dks izkir gksxka Hkys gh Hkkjrh; daifu;ksa dh orzeku esa izks ksfxdh ds ekeys esa Ik;kZIr {kerk u gks] mugsa fons kh daifu;ksa ds lkfk la;qä m e] izks ksfxdh glrkarj.k dh O;oLFkk vksj xbca/ku ds fy, izksrlkfgr fd;k tkrk gsa vc rd j{kk {ks= esa?kjsyw m ksx ds izos k ds fy, ykblsal vksj izr;{k fons kh fuos k izfrca/k vkfn dks ysdj dbz ck/kk, FkhA j{kk fofuekz.k {ks= esa fuos k dh izfø;k dks vklku cukus ds fy, vc dbz uhfr;ksa dks mnkj cuk;k x;k gsa lcls egroiw.kz j{kk {ks= esa izr;{k fons kh fuos k dks c<+kok nsus ds fy,,qœ MhŒ vkbœ uhfr dks mnkj cuk;k x;k gsa ykblsal uhfr dks Hkh mnkj cuk;k x;k gs vksj vc?kvdksa] fglls&iqtksz] dppk eky] ijh{k.k midj.k] mriknu

4 4 e khujh vkfn dks ykblsal ds nk;js ls ckgj j[kk x;k gsa tks daifu;k bl rjg dh olrqvksa dk mriknu djuk pkgrh gsa] vc mugsa ykblsal dh t:jr ugha gksxha j{kk {ks= esa?kjsyw vksj fons kh nksuksa fuos kdksa ds fy,,d cm+k volj miykc/k gsa,d rjq tgk ljdkj fu;kzr] ykblsaflx],qœmhœvkbzœ lfgr fuos k vksj [kjhn ds fy, uhfr esa t:jh cnyko dj jgh gs] ogha m ksx dks Hkh t:jh fuos k vksj izks ksfxdh ds ekeys esa m k;u djus dh pquksrh dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, lkeus vkuk pkfg,a j{kk,d,slk {ks= gs tks uokpkj ls lapkfyr gksrk gs vksj ftlesa Hkkjh fuos k vksj izks ksfxdh dh vko ;drk gsa fygktk m ksx dks Hkh vlfkk;h ykhk ds ctk; yach vof/k ds fy, lkspus dh ekufldrk cukuh gksxha gesa vuqla/kku fodkl rfkk uohure fofuekz.k {kerkvksa ij T;knk /;ku nsuk gksxka ljdkj]?kjsyw m ksx gsrq,d,slh ifjflfkfrdh iz.kkyh fodflr djus ds fy, izfrc) gs ftlls og lkoztfud vksj futh nksuksa {ks+=ksaa esa cjkcj Lrj ij O;kolkf;d m kfr dj ldsa 4- fueufyf[kr x ka k dk vaxzsth esa vuqokn dhft, % 20 vjc ns k dk T;knk fgllk jsfxlrku gsa ;gk pkjksa vksj jsr vksj pêkusa gsa jsr ;k ckyw bruh xez gksrh gs fd fnu esa uaxs ik o vki ml ij py ugha ldrs A jsfxlrku esa b/kj&m/kj ikuh ds p esa gs] tks cgqr gh uhps /kjrh ij mhkjs gq, gsa] os brus uhps gsa fd lwjt Hkh mugsa ugha lks[k ldrk gsa rks os p esa cgqr de ijurq tgk Hkh dksbz,d gs ogk ism+ yecs mxrs gs vksj csgn lqunj fn[kkbz nsrs gs] p esa ds pkjksa vksj Nk;knkj gjh vejkbz cukrs gq,a,slh txgksa dks e: ku¼vks,fll½ dgrs gsa vjcoklh tks 'kgjksa esa fuokl ugha djrs cjl&hkj jsfxlrku esa gh jgrs gsa os recqvksa esa jgrs gs] tks vklkuh ls xkms+ vksj m[kkm+s tk ldrs gs] rkfd os,d u[kfylrku ls nwljs u[kfylrku dh vksj viuh HksM+ksa] cdfj;ksa] Å Vksa vksj?kksmksa ds fy,?kkl&ikuh dh [kkfrj tk ldsaa jsfxlrkuoklh vjc [kwc idh gqbz vathjsa vksj [ktwj [kkrs gsa] tks [ktwj ds ismksa ij mxrs gsa os mugsa lq[kkrs gs vksj fqj iwjs cjl [kk inkfkz ds :Ik esa mudk mi;ksx djrs gsa bu vjcokfl;ksa ds ikl lalkj ds lokszÿke?kksms+ gsa,d vjcoklh vius lokjh?kksm+s ds dkj.k [kqn dks xksjokfuor eglwl djrk gs vksj?kksm+s dks viuh iruh vksj cppksa tslk gh I;kj djrk gsa,d Å V rks vusd [kwclwjr?kksm+ks ls Hkh T;knk mi;ksxh gs] cgqr fo kky vksj rkdroj HkhA Å V yxhkx nks?kksm+ksa ls T;knk vlckc <ks ldrk gsa vjc yksx vius Å Vksa dks

5 5 lkeku ls [kwc yknrs gs vksj jsfxlrku esa ehyksa ehy lokjh Hkh djrs gsa ekuksa og lp esa ^jsfxlrku dk tgkt^ gksa vdlj mls,slk gh iqdkjk tkrk gsa 5- fueufyf[kr x ka k dk fgunh esa vuqokn dhft, % 20 Language and communication are something that children learn by talking to one another. But school consider this an act of indiscipline. Instead, we have a special grammar class to learn language One educationist remarked, It is nice that children spend just a few hours at school. If they spend all 24 hoursin schools, they will turn out to be dumbl In most schools, teachers talk, children listen. The same is true for other skills also. Children learn a great deal without being taught, by tinkering and pottering on their own. Changes in the school system, If they are to be of lasting significance, must spring from the actions of teachers in their classrooms, teachers who are able to help children collectively. New programmes, new materials and even basic changes in organizational structure will not necessarily bring about healthy growth. A dynamic and vital atmosphere can develop when teachers are given the freedom and support to innovate. One must depend ultimately upon the initiative and respectfulness of such teachers and this cannot be promoted by prescribing continuously and in detail what is to be done. In education, we can cry too much about money, Sure, we could use more, but some of the best classrooms and schools I have seen or heard of, spend far less per pupil than the average in our schools today. We often don t spend well what money we have. We waste large sums on fancy buildings, unproductive administrative staff, on diagnostic and remedial specialists, on expensive equipment that is either not needed, or underused or badly misused, on tons of identical and dull textbooks, readers and workbooks, and now on latest devices like computers. For much less than what we do spend, we could make our classrooms into far better learning environments than most of them are today. 6. (a) fueufyf[kr eqgkojksa dk vfkz Li"V djrs gq, mudk okd;ksa esa iz;ksx dhft, % 2 5=10 vdy ij irfkj im+uk

6 6 vklrhu dk Lkk i méhl&chl dk varj gksuk gokbz fdys cukuk nky esa dkyk gksuk (b) fueufyf[kr okd;ksa ds 'kq) :Ik fyf[k, % 2 5=10 ge dkwyst tkåaxka izkr% dky lwjt mxrk gsa og vius ekrk&firk dk bdyksrk larku gsa mlus dy eq>s xkyh fn;ka uksdj vkvk filk yk;ka (c) fueufyf[kr 'kcnksa ds nks&nks i;kz;okph 'kcn fyf[k, % 2 5=10 csvh xaxk lksuk gok ryokj (d) fueufyf[kr ;qxeksa dks bl rjg ls okd; esa iz;qä dhft, fd mudk vfkz Li"V gks tk, vksj muds chp dk varj Hkh 'kcnkfkz esa fyf[kr :Ik esa of.kzr gks % 2 5=10 vfojy&vfody jax&jad esyk&esyk uhj&ukjh ifj.kke&ifjek.k

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