DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY

Transcription

1 ISSN ÂNVØK±IKØ vkuohf{kdh Vol. X December 2014 Chief Editor Shriprakash Pandey Editors Ananda Mishra Sachchidanand Mishra DEPARTMENT OF PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION1

2 Published under : Department of Philosophy and Religion Banaras Hindu Univesity, Varanasi-5 Chief Editor : SHRIPRAKASH PANDEY Editorial Board : Prof. U.C. Duey Prof. S. Vijaya Kumar Prof. A.K. Rai Prof. D.N. Tiwari Prof. D.B. Choube Prof. Kripa Shankar Prof. Abhimanyu Singh Prof. R.K. Jha Dr. Mukul Raj Mehata- (Research Sciencetist-C) Editors : Ananda Mishra Sachchidanand Mishra Price : Printed at : B.H.U. Press Banaras Hindu University 2 Varanasi

3 EDITORIAL NOTE In yet another volume of Ænvîkªikî that I am presenting before you, I have tried my best to dish-out some more well researched academic morsels prepared very meticulously by a host of learned scholars of different universities. Broadening the horizon of knowledge by exploration, exposition and interpretation and creation of new knowledge is displayed and disseminated by the mediacy of a career and courier of knowledge and I am happy that Ænvîkªikî is doing this job fairly well. The present volume embraces a number of interesting and informative research articles within is folds on a variety of topics. But without the kind and prompt cooperation of the contributors, it would not have been possible to bring out this volume well in time. I am really very thankful to all the scholars who gave the material for this volume. Shriprakash Pandey iii 3

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5 CONTENTS 1- lfppnkuun fej 7&34 lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 2- mes k punz nqcs 35&48 Jh vjfoun dh rdz dh vo/kkj.kk 3- vkuun fej 49&80 jsorhje.k ik.ms; v j v}sr dh ijeijk 4- nsoozr pkscs 81&88 xhrk esa ;ksx dk Lo:Ik 5. N.C. Panda 89&102 Concept of Elements in Buddhist Literature 6. Kartar Chand Sharma 103&118 Female Energy and Kashmiri Mysticism 7. Pramod Kumar Bagde 119&132 Marx s Concept of Exploitation 8. Roshan Ara 133&146 The Notion of Inter-subjectivity in Marcel s thought v 5

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7 lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v lfppnkuun fej euksfokku rfkk lakkukred fokku ds vk/kqfud fo}ku bl ckr ij cgq/kk cy nsrs gq, fn[kk;h nsrs gsa fd gekjk eflr"d tks Hkh olrq, gesa vuqhkokfkz miycëk gksrh gsa] mu lhkh dk vuqhko ugha djrka ekxz ij pyrs le; gekjs lkeus vusd olrq, vkrh gsa] ijurq ge mu lelr olrqvksa dks u rks ns[k gh ikrs gsa vksj u rks mu lelr JO; /ofu;ksa dks lqu gh ikrs gsaa muesa ls dqn dk gh ge vuqhko fd;k djrs gsaa ;g dqn dk gh vuqhko olrqr% gekjs }kjk p;uiwozd gqvk djrk gsa ;g vo'; /;s; gs fd gedks ;g vuqhko esa ugha vkrk gs fd ge olrqr% tkucw>dj,slk dj jgs gsaa bl p;u ds fu;e dks ge lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvksa ds :i esa çlrqr vksj ifjhkkf"kr dj ldrs gsaa ;g,d uohu fopkj ds :i esa vkt çrhr gksrk gs] ijurq uo;u;k; dh ijeijk esa dqn blh çdkj dk fpuru vusd LFkyksa ij miycëk gsa ijurq ;g fo"k; cgqr de pfpzr gsa 1 bl vkys[k ds ek/;e ls esa blh dh vkykspuk djus dk ç;kl dj jgk gw A lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvksa dh ckr nks ifjflfkfr;ksa esa dh tk ldrh gs&,d rks rc tc,d gh olrq dks fhkuu fhkuu lk/kuksa ;k çek.kksa esa ls fdlh,d çek.k ls tkuus dk ç'u gksa nwljh rc ;fn nks fofhkuu olrqvksa esa ls fdlh,d olrq dks tkuus dk ç'u gksa blesa f}rh; ç'u dh lehkkouk rks çk;% lelr n'kzuksa esa gks ldrh gsa ijurq bl fo"k; esa dksbz fpuru vu; nk'kzfudksa us fd;k gks eq>s tku ugha im+rka gk ] çfke ç'u dh lehkkouk dsoy mugha n'kzuksa esa lehko gs tks çek.kleiyookn dks vkuohf{kdh@ânvøk±ikø Vol. X, December-2014 ISSN

8 Lohdkj djrs gksa D;ksafd ;fn fofhkuu çek.kksa ds fo"k; fu;er% gh fhkuu gksrs gksa] tslk fd cks) ijeijk ekurh gs] rks,d gh olrq dks fhkuu fhkuu lk/kuksa ;k çek.kksa esa ls fdlh,d çek.k ls tkuus dk ç'u mbuk lehko ugha gsa KkrO; gs fd cks) ijeijk esa çr;{k dk fo"k; Loy{k.k rfkk vuqeku dk fo"k; lkeku;y{k.k gqvk djrk gsa bl dkj.k cks)ijeijk esa rfkk mlh ds leku çek.ko;olfkkoknh fdlh Hkh n'kzu esa çfke ç'u Hkh f}rh; ç'u esa gh vkrelkr~ gks tk;sxka U;k;ijEijk çek.kleiyookn esa fo'okl djrh gsa çek.kleiyookn dk rkri;z blls gs fd,d gh inkfkz ;k olrq vusd çek.kksa ls tkuh tk ldrh gsa vko';drk ek= bruh gs fd olrq esa bl çdkj dh ;ksx;rk gksuh pkfg,a bl dkj.k U;k;erkuqlkj,d gh olrq dk Kku çr;{k çek.k ds ek/;e ls Hkh gks ldrk gs] vuqeku çek.k ls Hkh lehko gs] rfkk 'kcn çek.k ds ek/;e ls Hkh ;g lehko gsa bldkj.k U;k;ijEijk dk vuqlj.k djus dh flfkfr esa ;s nksuksa gh ç'u gekjs lkeus vk [km+s gksrs gsaa bu nksuksa gh ifjçs{;ksa esa gesa lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvksa dk fopkj djuk vko';d gks tkrk gsa,slk lehko gs fd,d gh dky esa fdlh olrq ds çr;{k dh lkexzh Hkh gks] vuqfefr dh lkexzh Hkh gks vksj 'kkcncks/k dh HkhA mieku dh lkexzh gksus dh lehkkouk ls budkj rks ugha fd;k tk ldrk] ijurq mieku ds ç;ksx dk {ks= vr;ur lhfer gksus ds dkj.k vu; çekvksa ds lkefxz;ksa ds leo/kku ds dky esa mieku dh lkexzh dk leo/kku FkksM+k de lehkko; gsa blh çdkj fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k] vuqfefr rfkk 'kkcncks/k dh lkefxz;k Hkh miflfkr gks ldrh gsaa,slh ifjflfkfr esa ç'u miflfkr gksrk gs fdl çdkj dk Kku fdl volj ij gksxk\ uo;us;kf;dksa us bu nksuksa gh ifjçs{;ksa esa lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvksa ds lunhkz esa fopkj fd;k gs rfkk dqn fu;e bl lecu/k esa fu/kkzfjr fd;s gsaa U;k;ijEijk esa fdlh Hkh dk;z dks mriuu djus ds fy, dkj.klkexzh dh vis{kk gksrh gsa 2 fdlh,d dkj.k esa bl çdkj dh lkefkz~; ugha gks ldrh gs fd dsoy ogh dkj.k dk;z dk mriknu djus es a l{ke gks tk;sa blh dkj.k lk/kkj.k dkj.k rfkk vlk/kkj.k dkj.k dh vo/kkj.kk, U;k;oS'ksf"kd ijeijk es a çkir gksrh gs aa bz'ojh; 8 lfppnkuun fej

9 Kku ls vfrfjä tks Hkh gsa os lelr Kku vfur; gksrs gsa] fdugha ifjflfkfrfo'ks"k esa gh mriuu gksrs gsaa bl dkj.k fu'p;iwozd dgk tk ldrk gs fd Kku Hkh,d çdkj dk dk;z gh gsa bl dkj.k dk;zek= ds Åij ykxw gksusokyh 'krz Kku ds Åij Hkh ykxw gksxha Kku Hkh vu; lelr dk;ksaz ds leku gh dkj.klkexzh dk leo/kku gksus ij gh mriuu gksxka ftl çdkj dk;zek= ds çfr dqn dkj.k vfuok;zr;k lqfuf'pr gksrs gsa] mlh çdkj KkulkekU; ds çfr Hkh vusd dkj.k vko';d :i ls vis{k.kh; gksrs gsaa ftudks ge KkulkekU;lkexzh dg ldrs gsa tsls vkreeu%la;ksx ¼vkRek dk eu ds lkfk la;ksx½ fdlh Hkh Kku ds fy, vo'; vis{k.kh; gksrk gsa ijurq ;g vkreeu%la;ksx:ik KkulkekU;lkexzh fdlh Hkh Kku dh çtkfr dk fu/kkzj.k djus ds fy, mùkjnk;h ugha gqvk djrha,slk ugha gks ldrk fd bl vkreeu%la;ksx ds }kjk dksbz fo'ks"k çdkj dk Kku mriuu gks tk;s D;ksafd ;g lelr Kkuksa dh mrifùk ds fy, vko';d gsa fdlh Hkh Kku dh çtkfr dk fu/kkzj.k djus ds fy, Kkufo'ks"klkexzh mùkjnk;h gksrh gsa ;Fkk Le`fr ds fy, vkreeu%la;ksx ls vfrfjä dsoy laldkj dh vko';drk gqvk djrh gsa blh dkj.k rks Le`fr dh ifjhkk"kk laldkjek=tu; ds :i esa nh tkrh gsa 3 çr;{kek= ds fy, eu dk bfuæ; ds lkfk la;ksx vis{k.kh; gksrk gsa bl dkj.k dgk tk ldrk gs fd eu dk bfuæ; ls la;ksx çr;{klkeku;lkexzh gs] fdlh Hkh çr;{k ds dky esa eu dk bfuæ; ls la;ksx jgsxk gh D;ksafd mlds u jgus ij çr;{k dk gks ikuk vlehko gksxka ijurq çr;{kfo'ks"k dh fu/kkzjd lkexzh rùkn~ bfuæ;k rfkk mu bfuæ;ksa dk muds fo"k;ksa ls lfuud"kz gh gksxsaa 4 tc,d gh olrq dks fhkuu fhkuu lk/kuksa ;k çek.kksa esa ls fdlh,d çek.k ls tkuus dk ç'u gks] rks D;k gksxk\ dksu lk Kku mriuu gksxk vksj dksu lk mriuu ugha gksxk\ bl ç'u dks ge çfker;k ysrs gsaa bldks la{ksi esa bl çdkj ls çlrqr fd;k tk ldrk gs fd lekufo"k;d lkefxz;ksa ds dky esa D;k gksxk\ us;kf;dksa dk bl fo"k; esa cm+k gh lqli"v fu/kkzj.k gs fd fdl lkexzh dk çkcy; gksxka ;fn lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh] vuqfefrlkexzh vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh gks rks çr;{klkexzh dk gh çkcy; gksxk vksj vuqfefr ;k 'kkcncks/k u gksdj çr;{k gh lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 9

10 gksxka bl fo"k; esa us;kf;dksa dk fu/kkzj.k vuqhkok/kkfjr gsa bl çfø;k dks ge bl çdkj ns[k ldrs gsa& d½ tgk ij v;a iq#"k% u ok] ;g iq#"k gs ;k ugha,slk la'k; gqvk vksj,sls la'k; ds mijkur iq#"kroo;ki;djkfneku~ v;ek~] ;g iq#"kro ls O;kI; glrpj.kkfnleiuu gs,slk fo'ks"k n'kzu gqvka ;g fo'ks"kn'kzu v;a iq#"k%] ;g iq#"k gs] bl iq#"krofo"k;d lfodyid çr;{k ds çfr dkj.k gqvk djrk gs D;ksafd us;kf;dksa ds vuqlkj fo'ks"kn'kzu lfodyid çr;{k ds çfr dkj.k gksrk gsa fdurq ;g fo'ks"kn'kzu vuqfefr ds çfr dkj.k cuus okyk ijke'kkzred Hkh gsa iq#"kroo;ki;djkfneùo dk voxkgu vaxqyh ls fufnz"v fd;s tk jgs bne~ inkfkz esa fd;k tk jgk gsa iq#"kro dk lk/kd gsrq gs djkfneùoa bl çdkj lk/;o;ki;gsrqeùo dk voxkgu blds }kjk fd;k tk jgk gsa bl çdkj iq#"krokuqfefr ds çfr dkj.khhkwr ijke'kz Hkh ekstwn gsa bl jhfr ls ge ns[krs gsa fd,d gh {k.k esa ;gk ij fo'ks"kn'kzu:ik iq#"krofo"k;d çr;{k dh lkexzh Hkh ekstwn gsa fo'ks"kn'kzu ekstwn gksus dk fufgrkfkz ;g Hkh gs fd iq#"k o iq#"kro ds lkfk p{kqfjfuæ; dk yksfdd lfuud"kz Hkh fo eku gsa çr;{k dh çfø;k esa gj,d LFky ij vko';d ugha gs fd bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz ds jgus ek= ls çr;{k mriuu gks tk;sxka bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz ds ckn fufozdyid çr;{k ds vuurj gh lfodyid çr;{k gqvk djrk gsa u dsoy bruk gh vfirq vusd LFkyksa ij çr;fhkkkred çr;{k ds LFkyksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ;g Hkh ekuuk vr;ko';d gksrk gs fd bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz ds mijkur Lej.k gksdj fqj lfodyid çr;{k dh lehkkouk curh gsa blh dkj.k rks Le`fr dks laldkjek= tu; Kku rfkk rnfrfjä lelr Kkuksa dks vuqhko dgk tkrk gsa blh çdkj iq#"krofo"k;d vuqfefr dh lkexzh Hkh ;gk ekstwn gsa bl jhfr ls lekufo"k;d vuqfefr dh lkexzh vksj çr;{k dh lkexzh fo eku gsa blesa ç'u mbrk gs fd,slh flfkfr esa çr;{k gksxk ;k vuqfefr gksxh\ bl fo"k; esa U;k;n'kZu fl)kfurr djrk gs fd,slh flfkfr esa çr;{k gh gksxka 5 ;gk ij ;g /;s; gs fd us;kf;d bl LFky esa Qy ds :i esa mriuu gksusokys Kku dks çr;{k ds :i esa D;ksa Lohdkj djrs gsa\ bldk mùkj us;kf;d nsrs gsa fd 10 lfppnkuun fej

11 mi;qzä ifjflfkfr esa vuqhkokuurj tk;eku vuqo;olk; gh bldk fu/kkzjd gksrk gsa olrqr% rks fdlh Hkh LFky ij fdlh lakkuh; ifj?kvuk ds?kfvr gksus ij lcls vf/kd çkekf.kdrk ftldh Lohdkjh tk ldrh gs og rnqijkur tk;eku vuqo;olk; dh gha bl dkj.k vf/kdrj LFkyksa esa us;kf;d vuqo;olk; ds vk/kkj ij gh bldk O;oLFkkiu djus dk ç;kl djrs gsaa bl LFky ij iq#"ka lk{kkrdjksfe] iq#"k dk lk{kkrdkj dj jgk gw ] iq#"k dks ns[k jgk gw ],slk gh vuqo;olk; gqvk djrk gsa iq#"kroeuqfeuksfe] iq#"k dk vuqeku dj jgk gw,slk vuqo;olk; ugha gksrk gsa bl dkj.k bl vuqo;olk; ds cy ij ;gh ekuuk mfpr gksxk fd bl çdkj ds LFkyksa ij çr;{k gh gksrk gs vuqfefr ugha gksrha bl çdkj us;kf;d,d fu;e ij fu"d"kz ds :i esa igq prs gsa&lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr çr;{klkexzh çfrcu/kd gksrh gsa 6 bl fu;e dk vfhkçk; ;g gs fd ;fn çr;{k vksj vuqfefr ds }kjk,d gh fo"k; cks)o; gksa rks ogk ij lakkuh; çkfkfedrk ;g gs fd çr;{k gh gks vuqfefr u gksa çr;{k dh lkexzh gs bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz vksj vuqfefr dh lkexzh gs ijke'kza ; fi blds vfrfjä lkefxz;ksa dh Hkh vko';drk nksuksa esa gksrh gsa fdurq tslk fd geus Åij foosfpr fd;k gs çr;{k ds çfr vkrek o eu dk la;ksxkred lfuud"kz] eu vksj bfuæ; dk la;ksx rfkk bfuæ; vksj vfkz dk lfuud"kz vis{k.kh; gksrk gsa buesa bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz dks pje dkj.k ekuk tkrk gsa vusd= bfuæ;ksa dks çr;{k ds çfr dj.k rfkk bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz dks O;kikj ekuk tkrk gsa bl fo"k; esa rdzhkk"kk ds ys[kd ds'kofej dk foospu cm+k gh lqli"v vksj O;ofLFkr gsa mudk dguk gs fd dgha ij çr;{k esa bfuæ; dj.k curh gs] dhkh bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz dj.k curk gs vksj dhkh Kku dj.k curk gsa tc fufozdyidkred çr;{k mriuu gksrk gs rc bfuæ; dj.k dh Hkwfedk esa gksrh gs] bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz O;kikj gksrk gsa tc lfodyidkred çr;{k gksrk gs rks bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz dh Hkwfedk dj.k dh gksrh gs vksj fufozdyid çr;{k mldk O;kikj gksrk gsa mä lfodyid çr;{k ds ckn gku ¼ifjR;kx½] miknku ¼xzg.k½ vksj mis{kkcqf);k gqvk djrh gsaa ¼oLrqr% lelr lfodyid Kkuksa ds mijkur gku] miknku ;k mis{kkcqf) gqvk djrh gs½ lfodyid çr;{kksùkj tk;eku lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 11

12 gku] miknku ;k mis{kkcqf) Hkh çr;{k gh gsa blds çfr lfodyidkku O;kikj gksrk gs vksj fufozdyid Kku dj.k gksrk gsa 7 rdzhkk"kkdkj ds'kofej dh bl LFkkiuk ls vu; us;kf;d lger ugha gsaa muds er esa lfodyid çr;{kksùkj tk;eku gku] miknku ;k mis{kkcqf) olrqr% çr;{k dh dksfv esa vurhkwzr ugha gksrha ijurq bl fo"k; esa fdlh Hkh us;kf;d dks vkifùk ugha gksxh fd vusd= bfuæ;k rfkk vusd LFkyksa esa bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz çr;{k esa dj.k dh Hkwfedk fuhkkrs gsa D;ksafd çr;{k dk fufozdyid rfkk lfodyid Hksn lelr us;kf;dksa dks Lohdk;Z gsa mi;qzä la'k;ksùkjdkyhu iq#"kkuqhko dks çr;{k esa gh lelr us;kf;d vurhkwzr djsaxsa bl dkj.k fo"k; leku gksus ij lakkuh; çkfkfedrk dh f"v ls çr;{k vuqfefr dh vis{kk vf/kd egùoiw.kz gsa mi;qzä çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkko ;k lakkuh; çkfkfedrk dks mnkgj.kkurj ls Hkh le>k tk ldrk gsa dyiuk dhft, fd iozr esa p{kqfjfuæ; dk vfxu ds lkfk lfuud"kz /kwe ds lkfk vfxu dk lfuud"kz gksus ds,d&nks {k.kksa ds ckn gksrk gsa ogk ftl {k.k esa p{kq dk vfxu ds lkfk yksfdd lfuud"kz gks jgk gs vksj mlh {k.k esa ofào;ki;/kweoku~ iozr%] iozr vfxu dh O;kfIr ls fof'k"v /kweokyk gs],slk ijke'kkzred çr;{k Hkh gks ldrk gsa bl ifjflfkfr dk fo'ys"k.k djsa rks ge ik;saxs fd bl LFky esa vfxu ds çr;{k dh lkexzh Hkh miflfkr gs rfkk vfxu ds vuqeku dh lkexzh Hkh miflfkr gsa rks D;k gksxk çr;{k ;k vuqeku\ tks Hkh gks] KkrO; fo"k;,d gh gsa us;kf;d dgsaxs fd bl ifjflfkfr esa vfxu dk çr;{k gh gksxk] vfxu dh vuqfefr ugha gksxha çr;{klkexzh Hkh vfxu ds çr;{k dh gh gs vksj vfxu ds gh vuqfefr dh Hkh lkexzh gsa rks vuqfefrlkexzh ij çr;{klkexzh gkoh gks tk;sxh rfkk çr;{k gh gksxk vuqfefr ugha gksxha [k½ dyiuk dhft, fd dgha ij,d gh dky esa mlh fo"k; dks Hkkflr djkusokyh 'kkcncks/klkexzh Hkh miflfkr gks vksj çr;{klkexzh Hkh miflfkr gksa nksuksa lkefxz;k,d gh fo"k; dh vohkkld gsaa,slh flfkfr esa ç'u gksrk gs fd D;k mriuu gksxk 'kkcncks/k ;k çr;{k\ bl ifjflfkfr ds ckjs esa ns[kk tk;s&'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh ds 12 lfppnkuun fej

13 fo"k; esa ns[kk tk;s rks vusd dkj.kksa dh vis{kk 'kkcncks/k ds fy, gqvk djrh gsa inkku] 'kfäkku rfkk inkfkksziflfkfr eq[; :i ls 'kkcncks/k ds çfr dkj.k gksrs gsaa 'kfäkku u gksus ij in ls inkfkz dh Lej.kkRed miflfkfr ugha gks ldrha,rnfrfjä vkdka{kk] ;ksx;rk] vklfùk o rkri;z Kku dh Hkh vko';drk gqvk djrh gsa ijurq ;fn xehkhjrk ls ns[kk tk;s rks inkfkksziflfkfr gks tkus ij 'kkcncks/klkexzh iwjh gks tkrh gs D;ksafd inkfkksziflfkfr dks 'kkcncks/k dh çfø;k esa O;kikj ekuk x;k gsa O;kikj ds ckn Qy dh mrifùk gks tkrh gsa bl ifjflfkfr dk LFky ogh gs tc fdlh {k.k esa ofàfo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr dkj.khhkwr inkfkksziflfkfr vkfn fo eku gsa vksj mlh {k.k esa ofà ds lkfk bfuæ; dk lfuud"kz Hkh gks jgk gsa bl ifjflfkfr dh lehkkouk dks udkjk ugha tk ldrk],slk lehkkouk fuf'pr rksj ij cu ldrh gs tc lekufo"k;d çr;{k o 'kkcncks/k dh lkefxz;k gksaa rks,slh flfkfr esa D;k gksxk\ uo;us;kf;d dgrs gsa fd bl ifjflfkfr esa çr;{k gh gksxk] 'kkcncks/k ugha gksxka 'kkcncks/k dk çr;{klkexzh ds }kjk çfrcu/k dj fn;k tk;sxka bl çdkj gekjs lkeus fu;e vkrk gs fd&lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh çfrcu/kd gsa 8 olrqr% rks mi;qzä nksuksa fu;eksa dks ge feyk ldrs gsa vksj fu;e dks bl çdkj ls çlrkfor dj ldrs gsa fd&lekufo"k;d çr;{kkfrfjä Kku ds çfr lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh çfrcu/kd gksrh gsa çr;{k ds lkfk mifefr dk rks 'kk;n lekufo"k;dro gh lehko ugha gks ldsxka D;ksafd mifefr dk Qy gs in dh 'kfä dk Kku vksj fdlh inkfkz esa fdlh 'kcn dh 'kfä dk Kku çr;{k ls dfkefi lehko ugha gksxka,rnfkz 'kfäxzkgd çr;{kkfrfjä gh gks ldrs gsaa bl çdkj mifefr ds çfr çr;{klkexzh ds çfrcu/kdro dh rks çflf) gh ugha gks ldrha bl dkj.k lekufo"k;d çr;{kkfrfjä Kku ds çfr lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk dk Lohdkj djus ij Hkh lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk olrqr% dsoy lekufo"k;d vuqfefr vksj lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr gh gksxha x½ vkb,] vc,d vu; lehkkouk ij fopkj djsaa ;fn fdlh LFky ij lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 13

14 lekufo"k;d vuqfefr dh vksj 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh gs rks,slh flfkfr esa D;k gksxk\ bl ifjflfkfr esa uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk cryk;k tkrk gs fd&lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh çfrcu/kd gksrh gs vfkkzr~,slh flfkfr esa 'kkcncks/k gh gksxk] vuqfefr ugha gksxha 9 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfrcuëk dj fn;k tk;sxka bl çdkj tgk ij,d gh fo"k; dks fofhkuu Kkulk/kuksa ds tkuus dh çflfkfr curh gs] mlesa fdl lkexzh dks çkfkfedrk fn;k tk;sxk] bl ij fopkj fd;k x;k gsa O;qRifÙkokn dh 'kkl=kfkzdyk uked O;k[;k ds ys[kd if.mr os.kh ek/ko 'kkl=h lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk gs vksj fofuxeuk u gksus ds dkj.k lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk dh rjg lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr 'kkcncks/klkexzh dh Hkh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjuh pkfg,,slk lq>ko nsrs gsaa 10 fofuxeuk dk vk'k; fdlh,d i{k dks fl) djusokyh ;qfä ls gsa ijurq eq>s if.mr os.khek/ko 'kkl=h dk er ;qfäfo#) yxrk gs vksj ;g txnh'k o xnk/kj ls vleer Hkh gsa D;ksafd ;fn lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr 'kkcncks/klkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjh tk;s vksj lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjh tk;s rks lcls cm+h eqf'dy ;g miflfkr gksrh gs fd tgk ij,d gh fo"k; dh vuqfefr dh lkexzh Hkh gs vksj mlh fo"k; ds 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh Hkh gsa ogk ij vuqfefrlkexzh ds }kjk 'kkcncks/k dk vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k gks tkus ds dkj.k u rks 'kkcncks/k gh lehko gksxk vksj u gh vuqfefr gh lehko gksxh ijurq,slk gekjk vuqhko crkrk ugha gsa ;fn tks 'kkcncks/klkexzh inkfkks ZifLFkfr:ik gs] ogh O;kfIrfof'k"Vi{k/keZrkfo"k;d gksus ds dkj.k ijke'kkzred gksus ds dkj.k vuqfefr dh lkexzh Hkh gks jgh gs] rks mlh ds }kjk mlh dk çfrcu/k Lohdkj djuk vr;ur ;qfäfo#) fn[krk gsa bl dkj.k ;g rks fuf'pr gs fd ;k rks 'kkcncks/k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjh tk;s] ;k rks vuqfefr ds çfr 'kkcncks/klkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjh tk;sa nksuksa çfrcu/kdrkvksa dk Lohdkj ;qfäfo#) gksus ls vlehkonqfäd gsa txnh'k vksj 14 lfppnkuun fej

15 xnkëkj Hkh muesa ls lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr 'kkcncks/klkexzh dh gh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjus ds i{k esa fn[krs gsaa O;qRifÙkokn esa xnk/kj Hkh blh i{k esa viuk ladsr NksM+rs gsaa os.khek/ko 'kk=hth tks fofuxeukosdy; dk ç'u mbkrs gsa og furkur vlko/kku gsa ;g çfrc/;çfrcu/kdhkko O;ofLFkr fpuru vksj ;qfä }kjk O;oLFkkfir fd;k x;k gs] fofuxeuk ds cxsj ughaa vhkh rd geus çfke ç'u dks vk/kkj cukdj fopkj fd;ka vc f}rh; ç'u ij yksvrs gsa fd fofhkuufo"k;d vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds dky esa D;k gksxk\ dksu lh lakkuh; f"vdks.k ls dksu ls Kku dh lkexzh çkfkfed gksxh\ dksu lk Kku mriuu gksxk\ bl ij Hkh lh/kk& lh/kk mùkj nsuk eqf'dy gsa,d&,d mnkgj.k dks ysdj bl ç'u dks ge ns[krs gsaa ftl çdkj lekufo"k;d,dkf/kd vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds dky esa çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkko ds fu/kkzj.k dh jhfr viukbz x;h Fkh] fofhkuufo"k;d,dkf/kd vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds dky esa vyx jhfr ls çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkko dk fu/kkzj.k fd;k tkrk gsa d½ tgk,d gh dky esa fofhkuufo"k;d çr;{k dh lkexzh vksj vuqfefr dh lkexzh ekstwn gsa] çr;{k dh lkexzh fdlh vu; fo"k; dk çr;{k djkus ds fy, miflfkr gs rfkk vuqfefr dh lkexzh fdlh vu; fo"k; dk vuqfefr:i Kku djkus ds fy, miflfkr gs] ogk ij çr;{k gksxk ;k vuqfefr gksxh\ bl ç'u dk uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk fn;k x;k mùkj lekufo"k;d vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds LFky esa fn;s x;s mùkj ls,dne foijhr gsa ;gk ij os fl)kur nsrs gsa fd&fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh çfrcu/kd gqvk djrh gsa tsls&ftl {k.k esa O;fä dks ofào;ki;/ kweoku~ iozr%] iozr ofà dh O;kfIr ls fof'k"v /kweokyk gs],slk ijke'kz gqvka mlh {k.k esa iozr ds lkfk O;fä dk p{kq%la;ksx Hkh gqvka,slh flfkfr esa vfxze {k.k esa lehko iozr ds çr;{k dh Hkh bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz:i lkexzh ekstwn gs vksj iozr es a ofà dh vuqfefr dh Hkh ijke'kkzfredk lkexzh fo eku gsa bl flfkfr es a D;k gksxk\ iozr dk çr;{k ;k iozr es a vfxu dh vuqfefr\ rks,slh flfkfr es a uo;us;kf;d dgrs gs a fd vfxze {k.k es a iozr ofàeku~,slh ofà dh vuqfefr gh gksxh v;a iozr%,slk çr;{k ugha lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 15

16 gksxka pw fd vuqfefr ofàfo"k;d gs vksj çr;{k iozrfo"k;d] blfy, nksuks a dk fofhkuu fo"k;dro gsa vr% fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefrlkexzh çr;{k dk çfrcu/k dj nsrh gs rfkk,slh flfkfr es a vuqfefr gh gksrh gsa 11 [k½ blh Øe esa f}rh; ç'u miflfkfr gksrk gs fd tgk ij,d gh dky esa fhkuufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh vksj fhkuufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh ekstwn gksxh] ogk ij çr;{k gksxk ;k 'kkcncks/k gksxk\ bl ç'u dk mùkj Hkh U;k;lEçnk; nsrk gs fd&fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k ds çfr 'kkcnlkexzh çfrcu/kd gksrh gsa mnkgj.klo:i ;fn iozrfo"k;d çr;{k dh lkexzh gs] iozr dks çr;{k ls tkuus dh ifjflfkfr gs vksj mlh dky esa?kvfo"k;d 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh Hkh gs]?kv dks 'kkcncks/k dh çfø;k esa tkuus dh ifjflfkfr cu jgh gsa rks ogk ij 'kkcncks/klkexzh çr;{klkexzh ij gkoh gks tk;sxha vr% 'kkcncks/k gh gksxk çr;{k ugha gks ik;sxka 12 x½,slk ç'u Hkh miflfkr gksrk gs fd eku yks dgha ij,d gh dky esa fhkuufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh Hkh gs vksj mlh dky esa fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefr dh lkexzh Hkh gs] ogk ij 'kkcncks/k gksxk ;k vuqfefr gksxh\ bldk mùkj uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk ;g fn;k tkrk gs fd&fhkuufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefrlkexzh çfrcu/kd gksrh gsa bldk vfhkçk; ;g gqvk fd mi;qzä ifjflfkfr esa vuqfefr gh gksxh] 'kkcncks/k ugha gksxka mnkgj.k ds :i esa le>k tk ldrk gs fd ftl {k.k esa iozr% ofào;ki;/kweoku] iozr vfxu dh O;kfIr ls fof'k"v /kweokyk gs,slk ijke'kz gsa ;g ijke'kz iozrks ofàeku] iozr vfxuokyk gs] bl çdkj dh vuqfefr dh lkexzh gsa ;fn mlh {k.k esa?kvon~ Hkwrye~] Hkwry?kVokyk gs],sls 'kkcncks/k dks mriuu djusokyh inkfkksziflfkfr vkfn ls?kfvr lkexzh gsa ge Åij Li"V dj pqds gsa fd 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh inkfkksziflfkfr vkfn ls?kfvr gksrh gsa rks uo;us;kf;dksa dk i{k gs fd,slh flfkfr esa vuqfefr gh gksrh gs] 'kkcncks/k ugha gksrka bl lelr foospu esa,d vu; ckr Hkh /;s; gs fd ;fn bu lelr ifjflfkfr;ksa esa gekjh bpnk dh Hkh vr;ur egùoiw.kz Hkwfedk gqvk djrh gsa tsls ; fi lkeku;r;k lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh vuqfefr ds çfr çfrcu/kd gksrh gs] 16 lfppnkuun fej

17 ijurq ;fn lekufo"k;d vuqfefr djus dh gekjh bpnk gks rks lekufo"k;d çr;{k dh lkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k u gksdj lekufo"k;d vuqfefr dh lkexzh ds }kjk çr;{k dk gh çfrcu/k gks tkrk gsa blh dkj.k bpnk ftl fo"k; dks ftl çek.k ds }kjk tkuus dh gs] ;fn ml fo"k; dks ml çek.k ls tkuus dh lkexzh gs] rks ml çek.k ds }kjk gh Kku mriuu fd;k tk;sxka ijurq ;fn,slk ugha gs] rks tks lkeku; fu;e çlrkfor fd;s x;s gsa] os çhkkoh gksaxsa vuqfefr ds çfr fllk/kf;"kkfojgfof'k"v flf) ds vhkko dks i{krk dgk tkrk gsa i{krk vuqfefr ds çfr vko';d lkexzh esa vurhkwzr gsa i{krk ds u jgus ij vuqfefr lehko ugha gksrha blesa vurhkwzr fllk/kf;"kk flf) dh bpnk gh gsa la{ksi esa dgk tk;s rks vuqfefr ds çfr flf) çfrcu/kd gksrh gs] bl dkj.k flf) ds u jgus ij vuqfefr ugha gksrha ijurq flf)ek= çfrcu/kd ugha gksrha lekufo"k;d flf) gh vuqefr ds çfr çfrcu/kd gksrh gs] lekufo"k;d flf) ds jgus ij vuqfefr ugha gksrha bl dkj.k lekufo"k;dflf) dk vhkko vuqfefr ds fy, vko';d gksrk gsa ijurq ;fn fllk/kf;"kk ;kuh flf) dh bpnk gs] rks flf) ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k ugha fd;k tk ikrka blh fy, fllk/kf;"kkfojgfof'k"v flf) ds vhkko dks vuqfefr ds fy, vko';d rfkk i{krk ekuk x;k gsa bl dkj.k bldks Hkh lakkuh; çkfkfedrk ds fu;e dk gh,d folrkj le>uk pkfg,a blh dkj.k ;Kifr mik/;k;] tks fd xaxs'k dh rùofpurkef.k ij çhkk uked O;k[;k ds jpf;rk gsa] lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr lekufo"k;d flf) rfkk lekufo"k;d vuqekukfrfjä Kku dh lkexzh nksuksa dks gh lkfk esa ysdj fllk/kf;"kkfojgosf'k"vî fo'ks"k.k tksm+dj muds vhkko dks i{krk ekuus dk i{k çlrkfor djrs gsaa lekufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr ftl çdkj lekufo"k;d flf) çfrcu/kd gs] mlh çdkj lekufo"k;d flf) dh gj,d lkexzh] tks fd ml vuqfefr dh lkexzh ls vfrfjä gs] çfrcu/kd gsa 13 bl dkj.k ;Kifr mik/;k; dh jhfr ls çfrc/;çfr& cu/kdhkko dks Lohdkj djus esa yk?ko çrhr gksrk gs] ijurq j?kqukfk f'kjksef.k vkfn uo;us;kf;dksa us bl jhfr ls çfrc/;çfrcu/kdhkko dk fu/kkzj.k ugha fd;k gsa j?kqukfk f'kjksef.k rfkk muds lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 17

18 O;k[;kdkj xnk/kj o txnh'k Hkêkpk;Z ;Kifr mik/;k; ds i{k ls lger ugha gsaa,slk ugha gs fd bu vkpk;ksaz ds vuqlkj lekufo"k;d çr;{k dh lkexzh o lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k ugha djrh gsa 14 vfirq bu vkpk;ksaz dk vfhker ;g gs fd fllk/kf;"kkfojgfof'k"v flf) ds vhkko dks ftl çdkj ge vyx ls vuqfefr ds çfr dkj.k ekurs gsa] mlh çdkj ls vuqferlk ¼vuqferhPNk½ fojgfof'k"v çr;{klkexzh ds vhkko dks rfkk vuqferlkfojgfof'k"v 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds vhkko dks vfrfjä dkj.k ds :i esa eku;rk nsuh pkfg, D;ksafd mudks i{krk ds vurxzr dkj.k ugha ekuk tk ldrka 15 ftl çdkj dkfeuhftkklk dkfeuhfo"k;d Kku ls vfrfjä Kkuek= ds çfr çfrcu/kd gksrh gs] mlh çdkj vuqferlk ¼vuqferhPNk½ fojgfof'k"v çr;{klkexzh dks rfkk vuqferlkfojgfof'k"v 'kkcncks/klkexzh dks vuqfefr ds çfr LorU=:i ls çfrcu/kd ekuuk gh ;qfälaxr gsa bpnk esa gekjk LokrUR;Z gs] bpnk fhkuu&fhkuu çdkj dh gks ldrh gsa çr;{kkred Kku ds fo"k; esa fofhkuu bfuæ;ksa ds }kjk Kku dh bpnk gks ldrh gs] fd çr;{kkfrfjä Kku ds fo"k; esa gesa fofhkuu bpnk, gks ldrh gsaa gsrq] lk/; o i{k vkfn ds Hksn vuqferlk ¼vuqferhPNk½ Hkh vusd çdkj dh lehkkfor gsa mu lelr bpnkvksa ds }kjk gekjh lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvksa dks çhkkfor fd;k tk ldrk gsa bl dkj.k mu lelr fcunqvksa dks f"vxr j[krs gq, lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvksa ij O;ofLFkr fopkj ugha fd;k tk ldrka ijurq bpnkvksa dks ijs j[kdj fopkj fd;k tk ldrk gsa Kku lkeku;r;k Kkulkexzh ij fuhkzj djrk gs] bpnk ml çdkj ls Kkulkexzh esa vurhkwzr ugha gqvk djrh gs D;ksafd bpnk ds u jgus ij Hkh lkeku;r;k Kkuksa dh mrifùk gqvk djrh gsa bl dkj.k bl foospu ls bpnk dks ge ckgj gh j[kuk pkgrs gsaa ftl çdkj Åij geus os.khek/ko 'kkl=h ds er dk myys[k djrs gq, fofuxeukfojg dk myys[k rfkk ml i{k dh ;qfäfo#)rk dk çfriknu fd;k FkkA mlh çdkj ;gk ij Hkh fdlh fofuxeukfojg dh vk'kadk djrs gq, fhkuufo"k;d'kkcncksëk lkexzh dh fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr çfrcu/kdrk dh dyiuk ugha djuh pkfg,] 18 lfppnkuun fej

19 a D;ksafd ;g lelr lakkuh; çkfkfedrk ds fu;e ;qfä;ksa ij vk/kkfjr gsaa ijurq buesa ;qfä gs D;k\ mi;qzä çfrc/;çfrcu/kdhkkoksa dks Lohdkj djus esa ;qfä bl fo"k; esa n'kzu ds vu;leçnk;ksa dh Hkh lgefr vusd va'kksa esa gsa ;g 'yksd cgqr ckj m)`r fd;k tkrk gs& çr;{ks pkuqekus p ;Fkk yksds cykcye~a 'kh?kzeufkjxkferokùkfkso Jqfrfyax;ks%AA tsls yksd es a çr;{k vksj vuqeku es a cykcyroo;ogkj gs] og muds 'kh?kzxkfero vksj eufkjxkfero ds vk/kkj ij gsa blh çdkj Jqfr vksj fyax es a Hkh cykcyroo;ogkj 'kh?kzxkfero vksj eufkjxkfero ds vk/kkj ij gksrk gsa bl jhfr ls ;fn ns[ks a rks U;k;'kkL=h; bu çfrc/;& çfrcu/kdhkkoks a dks n'kzukurjks a dh Hkh lgefr çkir gsa ijurq bl çdkj ls fdlh vu; nk'kzfud ijeijk es a uo;u;k; ds foospu tslk foospu çkir gksrk gs],slk esjs vuqhko es a ugha vk;ka uo;us;kf;dks a }kjk mi;q Zä lelr çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkko U;k;'kkL=h; fl)kurhkax ds Hk; ls Lohdkjs x;s gsaa bu çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkkofu;eksa rfkk uo;us;kf;dksa dh ;qfä;ksa dks le>us ds fy, dqn U;k;'kkL=h; fl)kurksa dks tku ysuk vko';d gs D;ksafd muds fouk ;s lkjs çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkko vlaxr çrhr gksaxsa çfke fu;e gs Kkuk;kSxi dk fu;ea bl fu;e dk vk/kkj gs vkrefo'ks"kxq.kks ds ØeHkkfoRo dk fu;ea,d gh {k.k esa us;kf;d nks Kkuksa dh mrifùk ugha Lohdkj ldrs gsa D;ksafd vkrefo'ks"kxq.kksa ds ØeHkkfoRo dk fl)kur gsa U;k;oS'ksf"kd leçnk; dk lokzuqer fl)kur gs fd vkrek ds fo'ks"k xq.k Øe'k% gh mriuu gksrs gsaa vkrek ds vusd fo'ks"kxq.k,d lkfk mriuu ugha gksrs] vfirq os ØeHkkoh gksrs gsaa blh fu;e ds vk/kkj ;g fuxfer gksrk gs fd tc vkrek ds vusd fo'ks"kxq.k,d lkfk ugha mriuu gks ldrs] rks Kku Hkh vkrek dk fo'ks"kxq.k gksus ds dkj.k,d lkfk ugha mriuu gks ldrka bldks gh dgk tkrk gs Kkuk;kSxi dk fu;ea KkrO; gs fd us;kf;d Kkuk;kSxi dks gsrq ds :i esa çlrqr dj eu dh lùkk vksj eu dk v.kqro Lohdkj lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 19

20 djrs gsaa uohu us;kf;dksa esa dqnsd Kku vksj bpnk ds ;ksxi dks Lohdkjrs gsa] fdurq,d gh {k.k esa,d ls vf/kd Kkuksa dh mrifùk ugha gksrh gs ;g lokzuqer fl)kur gsa bl fu;e dks us;kf;d NksM+rs ughaa bl fu;e ds ewy esa D;k gs\ vxj ;g ç'u milfkkfir fd;k tk;s rks us;kf;dksa dk mùkj vkrk gs fd O;klä eu O;fä dks] ftl O;fä dk eu dgha vu;= yxk gqvk gs mldks] fdlh vu; olrq dk Kku ugha gqvk djrka ge ns[krs gsa fd vxj ge euks;ksx ls v/;;u dj jgs gsa vksj mlh le; dksbz gesa cqyk jgk gs] rks ml cqykgv dks ge lqu ugha ikrsa blh çdkj vxj gekjk eu fdlh vu; fo"k; esa yxk gs rks dksbz pksv yx tkus ij Hkh ihm+k dh vuqhkwfr ugha gksrha vxj ge ;g ugha ekurs fd vkrek ds fo'ks"kxq.k ØeHkkoh gksrs gsa] rks bl lozyksdkuqhkofl) vuqhko dh O;k[;k ugha gks ldsxha vkrefo'ks"kxq.kksa ds ØeHkkfoRo ds fu;e dks Lohdkj dj ysus ij bu nsfud vuqhkoksa dh O;k[;k vklku gks tkrh gsa f}rh; fu;e gs Kkuksa ds vlkad;z dka,dçtkrh; Kku rrçtkrh; Kku dh lkexzh ls gh mriuu gksxk] vu;çtkrh; Kku dh lkexzh ls ughaa ;Fkk çr;{kkred Kku çr;{k dh lkexzh ls gh mriuu gksxk] vuqfefr dh lkexzh ls ughaa vuqfefr:i Kku vuqfefrlkexzh ls gh mriuu gksxk çr;{klkexzh ls ughaa blh çdkj 'kkcncks/kkred Kku 'kkcncks/klkexzh ls gh mriuu gksxka bl fu;e dk la{ksi esa rkri;z ;g gs fd lekufo"k;d ;k fofhkuufo"k;d fofhkuu çtkrh; vuqhkoksa dh lkefxz;k feydj fdlh,d Kku dks ugha mriuu djrh gsaa ç'u miflfkr gks ldrk gs fd ;fn,d gh {k.k esa?kv] iv] eb vkfn vusd fo"k;ksa ds lkfk p{kqfjfuæ; dk lfuud"kz gks tk;s rks D;k gksxk\ D;k buesa ls fdlh,d dk gh çr;{k gksxk\ buesa ls fdldk çr;{k gksxk vksj fdldk çr;{k ugha gksxk\ vxj ;g dgk tk;s fd lhkh dk çr;{k ugha gksrk] fdlh,d dk gh gksrk gs rks ;g gekjs nsfud vuqhkoksa ls fo#) gksxka bl fo"k; esa uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk ;g fl)kur fn;k tkrk gs fd,slh flfkfr esa?kv] eb] iv vkfn vusd fo"k;ksa dks fo"k; djus okyk,d gh çr;{kkred Kku lewgkyecukred ;k,d= };e~ bl jhfr ls gqvk djrk 20 lfppnkuun fej

21 gsa vusd Kkuksa dh mrifùk ml le; Hkh ugha gksrh gsa cfyd vusdkfkzfo"k;d,d gh çr;{kkred Kku gqvk djrk gsa,d vu; ç'u fy;k tk;s tks FkksM+h lh fofhkuurk fy, gq, gsa ;fn,d gh {k.k esa p{kqfjfuæ; dk?kv ds lkfk]?kzk.ksfuæ; dk xu/k ds lkfk] Jks=sfUæ; dk 'kcn ds lkfk lfuud"kz gks tk;s rks,slh flfkfr esa D;k gksxk\ buesa ls fdldk çr;{k gksxk vksj fdldk ugha\ tsls,d gh bfuæ; ls vusd fo"k;ksa dk lfuud"kz gksus ij vusd fo"k;ksa dks fo"k; djus okyk lewgkyecukred çr;{k Lohdkjk tkrk gsa bl flfkfr esa D;k osls gh?kv] xu/k] 'kcn vkfn dks fo"k; djus okyk lewgkyecukred,d çr;{k gksxk\ rks uo;us;kf;dksa dk mùkj gs fd ughaa,slk ugha Lohdkj fd;k tk ldrk D;ksafd,slh flfkfr esa ç'u mbsxk fd og çr;{k fdl çr;{k esa vurhkwzr gksxk\ D;k og pk{kq"k gs\?kzk.kt gs\ ;k Jks=t gs\ buesa ls fdlh,d dks Lohdkjus esa vksj nwljs dk fu"ks/k djus esa dksbz fofuxeuk ugha gs] fdlh,d i{k dks fl) djusokyh ;qfä ugha gsa,d gh çr;{k dks pk{kq"k]?kzk.kt vksj Jks=t ugha ekuk tk ldrk D;ksafd blesa tkfrlkad;z dh vkifùk vk;sxha lkad;z tkfrck/kd gksrk gs] vr% pk{kq"kro]?kzk.ktro vkfn tkfr;k ugha cu ldsaxha bl dkj.k fofhkuu bfuæ;ksa ds }kjk fofhkuufo"k;d,d çr;{k ugha mriuu gks ldrka rks,slh ifjflfkfr esa gksxk D;k\ bl ç'u dk mùkj uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk fn;k tkrk gs fd dgha ij Hkh fhkuusfuæ;ksa ls tu; fhkuufo"k;d çr;{kksa dh,d {k.k esa vkifùk ugha gks ldrh gs D;ksafd fdlh,d bfuæ; ls tu; çr;{k dh lkexzh gh fdlh Hkh LFky esa lehko gks ldrh gsa ;fn,d LFky esa vusd bfuæ;ksa ls tu; fofhkuufo"k;d çr;{kksa dh lkexzh lehko gksrh rks ;g ç'u cu ldrk FkkA bl lek/kku dks uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk bl çdkj ls O;ofLFkr jhfr ls çlrkfor fd;k tkrk gsa U;k;oS'ksf"kdlEçnk; dk ;g çfl) fu;e gs fd çr;{k ds çfr vkreeu%la;ksx] eubfuæ;la;ksx vksj bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz bl jhfr ls rhu lfuud"kz gksus vko';d gksrs gsaa 16 ;s rhu lfuud"kz feydj gh çr;{k dks mriuu djk ikus esa l{ke gksrs gsa] ;fn buesa ls dksbz Hkh ugha gs rks çr;{k lehko ugha gks ldrka pk{kq"kçr;{k ds fy, vkrek lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 21

22 dk eu ds lkfk la;ksx] eu dk p{kqfjfuæ; ds lkfk la;ksx vksj p{kqfjfuæ; dk p{kqfjfuæ; ds fo"k; cuusokys vfkz ds lkfk la;ksxkfn "km~fo/k lfuud"kksaz esa ls vu;re lfuud"kz vko';d gksxka blh çdkj vu; çr;{kksa ds ckjs esa Hkh le>uk pkfg,a mi;qzä LFky esa pk{kq"k]?kzk.kt] Jks=t vkfn fdlh Hkh çr;{k ds çfr dkj.khhkwr vkreeu%la;ksx fo eku gs D;ksafd U;k; n'kzu ds vuqlkj vkrek fohkq gs] loz= O;kIr gs] blfy, vkrek rfkk eu dk tks la;ksx Kku ds çfr dkj.k gksrk gs] og ges'kk gh jgsxka rùknfkksaz?kv] xu/k o 'kcn ds lkfk rùkfnfuæ;ksa p{kq]?kzk.k o Jks= dk Øe'k% la;ksx] la;qäleok; o leok; lfuud"kz Hkh fo eku gsaa blesa Hkh dksbz lel;k ugha gsa /;s; gs fd fhkuu&fhkuu bfuæ;ksa ds }kjk fhkuu&fhkuu fo"k;ksa dk çr;{k djus ds fy, fhkuu&fhkuu çdkj ds lfuud"kz gksus pkfg,a bl pht ds folr`r foospu esa im+s fouk bruk le> ysuk i;kzir gs fd?kv] xu/k o 'kcn ds çr;{kkfkz tks bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz vis{k.kh; gsa] os lhkh bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kz bl LFky esa gsaa bu nksuksa va'kksa esa gh rhuksa çr;{kksa dh lkexzh leku:i ls fo eku gsa fdurq eu vksj rùkfnfuæ; dk lfuud"kz Hkh rùkfnfuæ;tu; çr;{k ds çfr dkj.k gksrk gsa eu dks blhfy, U;k;oS'ksf"kdlEçnk; esa v.kqifjek.k Lohdkjk x;k gsa 17 v.kqifjek.k gksus dk Qy ;g gs fd v.kqifjek.k eu fdlh,d bfuæ; ds lkfk gh la;qä gks ldrk gs] vusd bfuæ;ksa ds lkfk,d lkfk la;qä ugha gks ldrka vr% eu dk ;k rks p{kqfjfuæ; ;k rks?kzk.k bfuæ; vfkok Jks=sfUæ; ds lkfk gh la;ksx gks ldrk gsa bl dkj.k mi;qzä LFky esa ftl bfuæ; ds lkfk eu dk la;ksx gksxk] olrqr% dsoy mlh bfuæ; ls tu; çr;{k dh lkexzh gsa fdlh vu; bfuæ; ls tu; çr;{k dh lkexzh olrqr% gs gh ughaa bl dkj.k dsoy mlh bfuæ; ls çr;{k lehko gksxka bl dkj.k mä LFky esa,d {k.k esa fhkuu&fhkuu bfuæ;ksa ls tu; fofhkuufo"k;d çr;{kksa dh vkifùk mu çr;{kksa ds çfr dkj.kksa ds gh u jgus ds dkj.k lehko gh ugha gsa mi;qzä jhfr ls gh ;fn dgha ij ;fn nks lk/;ksa dh O;kfIr;ksa rfkk i{k/kezrk dks nks gsrqvksa esa fo"k; djusokyk ijke'kkzred,d lewgkyecukred Kku gks tk;s ;k nwljs 'kcnksa esa dgsa lewgkyecukred ijke'kz gks tk;s rks ml LFky esa nks vuqfefr;k 22 lfppnkuun fej

23 ugha gksrh gsa cfyd nksuksa lk/;ksa dks fo"k; djus okyh lewgkyecukred,d gh vuqfefr gksrh gsa 'kkcncks/k LFky esa Hkh blh çdkj lewgkyecukred,d gh 'kkcncks/k fofhkuufo"k;d inkfkksziflfkfr ls gqvk djrk gs],slk le>uk pkfg,a bl dkj.k,d gh dky esa fofhkuu 'kkcncks/kksa dh vkifùk ugha nh tk ldrh gsa,d vu; lel;k vo'; FkksM+h xehkhj gsa og ;g fd ;fn dgha ij çr;{klkexzh gs] vuqfefrlkexzh gs vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh Hkh gsa blesa Øefoi;kZl ls,d&,d ds ifjr;kx ls Hkh flfkfr cu ldrh gsa,slh ifjflfkfr esa D;k gksxk\ rks bl lel;k dk lh/kk&lh/kk mùkj nsuk dfbu gs] tks lc txgksa ij ykxw gksa fofhkuu bfuæ;ksa ds }kjk fofhkuufo"k;d çr;{kksa dh vkifùk ftl ljyrk ls us;kf;d okfjr dj nsrs gsa] mlh ljyrk ls bl ç'u dk mùkj ugha fn;k tk ldrka bl dkj.k ifjflfkfr;ksa ds vk/kkj ij bl ç'u dk mùkj fn;k tkrk gsa tgk ij,d gh fo"k; dk çr;{k djkus okyh lkexzh gs] mlh fo"k; dh vuqfefr djkus okyh lkexzh gs vksj mlh fo"k; dk 'kkcncks/k djkus okyh lkexzh gs vfkok buesa ls fdlh dk ifjr;kx djds,dkf/kd lekufo"k;d vuqhkoksa dh lkexzh gsa rks,slh flfkfr esa D;k gksxk\ ;g rks fuf'pr gs fd,slh ifjflfkfr esa pw fd,d gh fo"k; dk Kku djkusokyh fofhkuu lkefxz;k gsa] bl dkj.k ml fo"k; dk Kku rks gksxk gha fdurq lunsg ;g gs fd,slh ifjflfkfr esa tk;eku Kku gs dksu lk\ çr;{k gs\ vuqfefr gs\ ;k 'kkcncks/k\ ml Kku dh tkfr dk fu/kkzj.k fdl vk/kkj ij fd;k tk;s\ bl ij uo;us;kf;dksa }kjk ;g fu/kkzj.k fd;k tkrk gs fd,slh flfkfr esa mu Kkuksa dh tkfr;ksa dk fu/kkzj.k djus esa mu mu Kkuksa ds mijkur tk;eku vuqo;olk; gh çek.k gs] ogh vuqo;olk; gh ;g fu/kkzfjr djrk gs fd gesa tks Kku mriuu gqvk og çr;{k Fkk] vuqfefr:i Fkk ;k 'kkcncks/kkreda lekufo"k;d vuqfefrlkexzh vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds lkfk ;fn lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh gs] rks KkuksijkUr gedks ;gh vuqo;olk; gksrk gs fd lk{kkrdjksfe] esa bl fo"k; dks çr;{k ls tku jgk gw ] bl dkj.k ml Kku dks çr;{k gh eku ysuk mfpr rfkk ;qfälaxr gsa bl dkj.k lekufo"k;d çr;{klkexzh vuqfefr vksj 'kkcncks/k ds çfr çfrcu/kd gksrh gsa lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 23

24 tgk ij,d fo"k; dh vuqfefrlkexzh gs vksj rf}"k;d 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh gs ogk ij KkuksijkUr dslk vuqo;olk; gksrk gs] blesa fookn dh xqatkb'k gsa ;s Bhd gs fd,slh flfkfr esa U;k;oS'ksf"kdlEçnk; esa 'kkcn;kfe] esa 'kkcncks/k ls bl vfkz dks tku jgk gw ],slk gh vuqo;olk; Loh r gsa ijurq ;g fohkktu fooknfo"k; gks ldrk gs D;ksafd os'ksf"kdksa esa gh,d yech ijeijk jgh gs tks 'kkcncks/k dks vuqfefr ls vfrfjä ugha ekurha bl dkj.k 'kkcncks/klkexzh vuqfefr dh çfrcu/kd gksrh gs vksj vuqfefrlkexzh 'kkcncks/k ds çfr çfrcu/kd ugha gksrh gs] blesa dksbz vu; ;qfä rks vo'; gksuh pkfg,a çr;{k rks vuqfefr dk mitho; gs vksj 'kkcncks/k esa Hkh midkjd gksrk gsa vr% çr;{klkexzh dh cyoùkk vuqfefrlkexzh rfkk 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds çfr rks Lohdkjh tk ldrh gsa fdurq 'kkcncks/klkexzh dh vuqfefr ds çfr çfrcu/kdrk D;ksa Lohdkjh tk;s \ blh çdkj lekufo"k;d lkefxz;ksa ds LFky esa rfkk fofhkuufo"k;d lkefxz;ksa ds LFky esa Åij fhkuu&fhkuu çdkj ls çfrc/;çfrcu/kdhkko Lohdkj fd;s x;s gsa] mu fhkuu&fhkuu çdkj ds çfrc/;& çfrcu/kdhkkoksa dks Lohdkj djus esa Hkh dksbz vk/kkj rks vo'; gksuk pkfg,a bl ç'u dk lek/kku O;qRifÙkokn ij xw<kfkzrùokyksdo;k[;k ds ys[kd cppk >k uke ls lqçfl) /keznùk >k th cm+s gh lqlaxr jhfr ls djrs gsa fd&,d gh vfkz ds KkL;eku gksus ij fotkrh; vuqhkolkefxz;ksa dk lfuuikr gksus dh flfkfr esa dksbz Hkh vuqhko gksus ij cqhkqfrlr vfkkzoxfrlkdy; dh leifùk vksj iqu% voxfr vleik gksrh gs] bl dkj.k ftl lkexzh dh y?kqrk gksrh gs ogh lkexzh Qytfudk gksrh gsa,slh flfkfr esa vuo;o;frjsdlgpkjxzg] rdz vkfn ls leik O;kfIrxzg vkfn dh vis{kk djus okyh vuqfefrlkexzh ls 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds y?kqhkwrk gksus ds dkj.k vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh ls çr;{klkexzh ds y?kqhkwrk gksus ds dkj.k lekufo"k;d vuqfefr esa vksj 'kkcncks/k esa çr;{klkexzh dk rfkk lekufo"k;d vuqfefr esa 'kkcncks/klkexzh dk çfrcu/kdro gksrk gsa 18 bl Li"Vhdj.k dk vfhkçk; ;g gs fd,d gh vfkz dk Kku djkus ds fy, ;fn fotkrh; vuqhkolkefxz;k ;fn miflfkr gsa] rks,d gh fo"k; KkrO; gksus ds dkj.k ml Kkr fo"k; dk Kku iqu% leiknuh; ugha gksrka,d gh vfkz 24 lfppnkuun fej

25 dh voxfr vksj lkdy;su voxfr,d gh ckj leik gksrh gsa bl dkj.k og Kku ftl çfø;k ls Hkh gks dksbz vurj rks ugha im+sxk] Kku rks,d gh gksxk pkgs og ftl fdlh vuqhkolkexzh ls gksa,slh flfkfr esa ;fn lkexzh dk iqu% leiknu djus dh t:jr ugha gs] rks mfpr ;gh gs fd tks lkexzh y?kqhkwrk gs ogh lkexzh Qytfudk gksa çr;{klkexzh] vuqfefrlkexzh vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh esa lcls y?kqhkwrk lkexzh çr;{klkexzh gh gs D;ksafd çr;{k ds fy, ml bfuæ; ls eu dk la;ksx vksj vfkz ds lkfk bfuæ; dk lfuud"kz vfrfjä :i esa visf{kr gksrk gsa vkrek vksj eu dk la;ksx rks Kku ek= ds çfr dkj.k gqvk djrk gs] vr% og rks KkulkekU;lkexzh ds vurxzr gksus ds dkj.k fdlh Hkh Kku ds iwoz fo eku gh gksxka bl çr;{klkexzh dh vis{kk vuqfefr dh lkexzh vksj 'kkcncks/k dh lkexzh xq#hkwr gsaa vuqfefr dh lkexzh ds fy, O;kfIrxzg] i{k/kezrkkku vkfn dh vis{kk gksrh gsa O;kfIrxzg dk leiknu vuo;o;frjsdlgpkjxzg] rdz vkfn ds }kjk gqvk djrk gsa bl çdkj vuqfefrlkexzh bu rhuksa esa lcls xq#hkwr gsa 'kkcnlkexzh ds vurxzr Hkh vusd phtsa çfo"v gsa fdurq 'kkcnlkexzh ds leiknu ds fy, ftruh olrqvksa dh vis{kk gksrh gs] os vuqfefrlkexzh dh vis{kk FkksM+h gsa bl dkj.k tgk ij,d gh fo"k; ds çr;{k vksj vuqfefr vuqhkoksa dh lkefxz;k gsa ogk ij çr;{k gh gksrk gsa blh dkj.k,dfo"k;d çr;{k vksj 'kkcncks/k dh lkefxz;ksa ds jgus ij çr;{k gh gksrk gs 'kkcncks/k ugha gksrk gs vksj blh dkj.k gh,dfo"k;d 'kkcncks/k o vuqfefrlkefxz;ks a ds jgus ij 'kkcncks/k gh gksrk gs vuqfefr ughaa çr;{k dh lkexzh vuqfefr dh lkexzh dh vis{kk Hkh y?kqhkwr gs vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh dh vis{kk HkhA 'kkcncks/klkexzh dsoy vuqfefrlkexzh dh vis{kk y?kqhkwr gsa vr% lekufo"k;d vuqhko lkefxz;ksa esa mä jhfr ls çfrc/;& çfrcu/kdhkko gksrk gsa blh dkj.k O;qRifÙkokn dh 'kkl=kfkzdyk O;k[;k ds ys[kd os.khek/ko 'kkl=h }kjk fofuxeukosdy; ds vk/kkj ij lekufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk dk dfku furkur vlko/kku rfkk vlaxr gsa tgk ij fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k] vuqfefr rfkk 'kkcncks/k dh lkefxz;k,d gh {k.k esa gsaa ogk ij tks çfrc/;çfrcu/kdhkko O;oLFkkfir fd;k x;k gs] mlds ckjs lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 25

26 esa Hkh fopkj vko';d gs vksj mlesa D;k ;qfä;k gsa\ ;gk ij ;g /;s; gs fd mä LFky esa çr;{k] vuqfefr vksj 'kkcncks/k bl çdkj rhu Kku ¼,dkf/kd½,d gh {k.k esa ugha mriuu gks ldrs gsa D;ksafd U;k;fl)kUr Kkuk;kSxi dk gsa fdurq ç'u ;g gs fd tsls,d bfuæ; ls vusd vfkz dks fo"k; djusokyk lewgkyecukred çr;{k gks ldrk gs] U;k;oS'ksf"kdlEçnk; esa ;g Loh r Hkh gsa mlh çdkj çr;{klkexzh ls tk;eku çr;{kkred] vuqfefrlkexzh ls tk;eku vuqfer;kred vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh ls tk;eku 'kkcncks/kkred,d gh Kku ogk ij gksrk gs],slk D;ksa u Lohdkj fy;k tk;s\ bl çdkj ;fn Lohdkj dj fy;k tk;s rks fhkuufo"k;d vuqhkolkefxz;ksa dk vuqhkoksa ds çfr ijlij çfrc/;çfrcu/kdhkko ugha Lohdkjuk im+sxka fdurq us;kf;dksa ds fy, ;g Lohdkjuk vlehko gs D;ksafd,slh flfkfr esa tkfrlkad;z çlä gksxka tkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa U;k;fl)kUr gs fd lekukf/kdj.k tkfr;ksa esa O;kI;O;kidHkko gksuk vko';d gsa çr;{kro] vuqfefrro] 'kkcncqf)ro o mifefrro ;s vuqhkoro dh O;kI; tkfr;k gsaa ;fn,d gh vuqhko O;fä esa çr;{kro] vuqfefrro] mifefrro o 'kkcncqf)ro esa ls,dkf/kd tkfr;k jgsa rks ijlij vr;urkhkko ds vf/kdj.k esa fo eku /keksaz dk,d= lekos'k :ih lkad;z nks"k çlä gksxk] lkad;z dks us;kf;dksa us tkfrck/kd ekuk gsa bl dkj.k,d gh O;fä esa çr;{krokfn vusd /keksaz dk lekos'k vksj blh dkj.k fotkrh; vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ls tk;eku,d vuqhkokred Kku Lohdkjuk U;k;er esa vlehko gsa,slh flfkfr esa,dkf/kd vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds jgus ij fdlh,d vuqhko lkexzh ls dksbz,d dk;z ¼Kku½ gh gksuk pkfg, vksj ;g çfrc/;&çfrcu/kdhkko dks Lohdkjs fouk lehko ugha gsa vc,slh flfkfr esa,dkf/kd fhkuufo"k;d vuqhkolkefxz;ksa dk leo/kku gksus ij fdl vuqhko lkexzh dks fdl vuqhkolkexzh ds çfr çfrcu/kd ekusa\ ;fn çr;{klkexzh dks fhkuufo"k;d 'kkcncks/k ds çfr çfrcu/kd ekuk tk;s rc rks 'kkcnçfefr dk mpnsn gh gks tk;sxka D;ksafd tc dhkh 'kkcnlkexzh leiuu gksxh] ml le; ;ksx;rkkku] vkdka{kkkku vkfn :i vkreekulçr;{k dh lkexzh Hkh fo eku gh gksxha Qyr% 'kkcncks/k dhkh Hkh ugha gks ldsxk] fhkuufo"k;dçr;{k vkrek dk 26 lfppnkuun fej

27 ekulçr;{k gh gksxka ;g Loh fr gekjs vuqhko ds fcydqy gh foijhr gs] bl dkj.k 'kkcnlkexzh dh gh fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k ds çfr çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjuh pkfg,a 19 blh çdkj fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr çr;{klkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjus ij vuqfefrek= dk mpnsn gks tk;sxk] dgha ij Hkh vuqfefr dh lehkkouk gh ugha cu ldsxha D;ksafd tc dhkh O;kfIrKku vkfn ls?kfvr vuqfefrlkexzh leiuu gksxh] ml le; ges'kk O;fIrKku vkfn ls fof'k"v vkrek ds ekulçr;{k dh Hkh lkexzh fo eku gh gksxh 20 vksj og vkreekulçr;{k dh lkexzh vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k dj nsxha vr% vuqfefr dgha ij Hkh ugha mriuu gks ldsxha bl dkj.k fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefr ds çfr çr;{klkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjus ds dh vis{kk fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjuh gh mfpr gsa fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k ds çfr 'kkcnlkexzh vksj vuqfefrlkexzh dh çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjus esa blds vfrfjä,d vksj ;qfä Hkh lq>k;h tkrh gs A ogh ;qfä 'kkcnlkexzh dh vuqfefr ds çfr çfrcu/kdrk Lohdkjus esa Hkh gsa fhkuu vfkksaz dks fo"k; djus okyh fotkrh; vuqhko lkefxz;ksa dk lfuuikr gksus ij fdlh,d lkexzh ls dksbz,d Kku gh] fdlh,d vfkz dh voxfr gh lehko gs D;ksafd Kkuk;kSxi vksj tkfrlkad;z dks U;k;er esa Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gsa ysfdu KkL;eku vfkz rks,dkf/kd gsaa,slh flfkfr esa ;nfkzfo"k;d Kku mriuu gksxk rnfrfjäkfkzfo"k;d Kku dk leiknu ckn esa djuk im+sxk] ftl vfkz dks igys tku fy;k x;k] mlls vfrfjä vfkz dk Kku djkus dh vko';drk gesa ckn esa gksxh] 'ks"k vfkz dh voxfr ckn esa leik gksxha ;g 'ks"k vfkz dh voxfr fouk lkexzh ds lehko ugha gs] lkexzh ds v/khu gh gksxha bldk rkri;z ;g gqvk fd ckn esa,d lkexzh tqvkuh im+sxha,slh flfkfr esa ckn esa xq#hkwrlkexzh dk leiknu djus dh vis{kk mfpr ;gh gs fd vhkh tks xq#hkwr lkexzh miflfkr gs] mlds }kjk,d vfkz dh voxfr leikfnr dj yh tk;s vksj ckn esa y?kqhkwrk lkexzh dk leiknu djds vuoxr vfkz dh voxfr leikfnr dh tk;sa blh i{k dk vuqhko Hkh i{kikrh gsa bl çdkj pw fd çr;{klkexzh dk iqu% leiknu y?kqrj Dys'klk/; gksrk gs vksj vuqfefrlkexzh dk iqu% leiknu lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 27

28 rfkk 'kkcncks/klkexzh dk iqu% leiknu xq#rj Dys'k ls lk/; gksrk gs D;ksafd vuqfefrlkexzh vksj 'kkcnlkexzh dh vis{kk çr;{klkexzh y?kqhkwrk gsa bl dkj.k fhkuufo"k;d çr;{k ds çfr vuqfefrlkexzh Hkh çfrcu/kd gksrh gs vksj 'kkcnlkexzh Hkh çfrcu/kd gksrh gsa blh çdkj vuqfefrlkexzh o 'kkcnlkexzh nksuksa ds xq# gksus ij Hkh pw fd vuqfefrlkexzh 'kkcnlkexzh dh vis{kk xq#rj gs] vuqfefrlkexzh dk iqu leiknu xq#rj Dys'k ls lk/; gsa vr% fhkuufo"k;d vuqfefrlkexzh vksj 'kkcnlkexzh dk leo/kku gksus ij vuqfefrlkexzh 'kkcncks/k dk çfrcu/kd dj nsrh gsa,slh flfkfr esa 'kkcncks/k ugha gksrk gs] vuqfefr gh gksrh gsa 21 ijurq cppk >k }kjk O;qRifÙkokn dh xw<kfkzrùokyksd O;k[;k esa çlrkfor lek/kku Hkh lexzrk esa lehphu ugha çrhr gksrka mudk lek/kku bl vh;qixe ij vk/kkfjr gs fd vuqfefrlkexzh dh vis{kk 'kkcncks/klkexzh y?kqhkwrk gsa ijurq ;g vh;qixe vius vkiesa lfunx/k çrhr gksrk gsa lkeku;r;k ns[kk tk;s rks ijke'kkzred vuqfefrpjedkj.k ds leiknukfkz i{k/kezrkkku rfkk O;kfIrKku dh vis{kk gksrh gsa blesa ls O;kfIr dk vuqhkokred Kku vuqfefr ds iwoz{k.k esa vis{k.kh; ugha gksrk] fdurq O;kfIr dk Lej.kkRed Kku gh vuqfefr ds iwoz{k.k esa vis{k.kh; gksrk gsa i{këkezrkkku vuqhkokred Hkh gks ldrk gs vksj Lej.kkRed HkhA mlds fy, dksbz vfuok;zrk ugha gsa bl dkj.k vuqfefr dh tks lkexzh vuqfefr ds iwoz leiknuh; gs og O;kfIrLej.k] i{k/kezrkkku ds Øe esa ijke'kzi;zur lkexzh gh gsa blls vf/kd lkexzh dk leiknu vis{k.kh; ugha gsa bldh vis{kk 'kkcncks/k ds fy, tks lkexzh leiknuh; gs mlesa inkku] 'kfälej.k] inkfkksziflfkfr ;kuh 'kfälej.kewyd inkfkzlej.k] vkdka{kk] ;ksx;rk] vklfùk rfkk rkri;zkku Hkh vkrs gsaa bl çdkj ;g lqli"v gs fd vuqfefrlkexzh dh vis{kk 'kkcncks/klkexzh vr;ur xq#hkwrk gsa,slh ifjflfkfr esa lekufo"k;d vuqfefrlkexzh rfkk 'kkcncks/klkexzh dk lfuu/kku gksus ij 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k rfkk fofhkuufo"k;d vuqfefrlkexzh rfkk 'kkcncks/klkexzh dk lfuu/kku gksus dh flfkfr esa vuqfefrlkexzh ds }kjk 'kkcncks/k dk çfrcu/k gksus dh ckr cppk >k ds ekxz dk vuqlj.k djrs gq, laxr 28 lfppnkuun fej

29 ugha fn[kk;h nsrha O;kfIr dk vuqhkokred Kku djuk Hkys gh xq#hkwr gks ijurq vuqfefr dh lkexzh esa og rks ugha gh vkrka eq>s rks,slk çrhr gksrk gs fd 'kkcncks/klkexzh esa Hkys gh vf/kd olrq, vurhkwzr gks jgh gksa] ijurq mudk leiknu lqdj gsa bldk dkj.k ;g gs fd 'kcn dk Kku gksrs gh vfkz dk Lej.k rfkk vfkz dk Kku gksrs gh 'kcn dk Lej.k ftruh 'kh?kzrk ls gqvk djrk gs] mruh 'kh?kzrk ls gsrq dk Kku gksrs gh ml gsrq esa O;kfIr dk Lej.k ugha gqvk djrka blds ihns dkj.k ;g gs fd ftruh ckj gesa Kku gqvk djrk gs] mruk gh laldkj <rj gksrk tkrk gsa 'kcn rfkk vfkz bl çdkj ls,d nwljs ls brus vf/kd lunfhkzr ;k lec) gksrs gsa fd dhkh dhkkj gh,slk gksrk gs gesa 'kcn dk Kku gks vksj vfkz dh miflfkfr ¼Lej.kkRed miflfkfr½ u gksa blh çdkj dhkh dhkkj gh,slk lehko gksrk gs fd gesa vfkz dk Kku gks ¼pkgs ftl çek.k ls Hkh og vfkz Kkr gks jgk gks½ vksj gedks 'kcn dk Lej.k u gksa blh dkj.k rks okd;inh; ds ys[kd Hkr`Zgfj dk dfku gs fd dksbz Hkh,slk çr;; ¼Kku½ yksd esa ugha gs tks 'kcn ds vuqxe ds fouk gks] lelr Kku 'kcnkuqfo) gh Hkkflr gksrs gsaa U;k;oS'ksf"kdlEçnk; esa lelr Kkuksa dks 'kcnkuqfo) rks ugha ekuk tkrk] ijurq bl rf; dk fu"ks/k ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd gekjs vuqhko ds fo"k; gksusokys lelr Kku 'kcn ls vr;ur lfuufgr gksrs gsaa blh dkj.k vkpk;z cnjhukfk 'kqdy dgrs gsa fd ÞKku lnso 'kcnkuqfo) gh gksrk gs& ;g HkzkfUr vr;ur lfuu/kku ds dkj.k gksrh gsa euq"; vius Kku dks vius rd lhfer ugha j[kuk pkgrka vius çr;sd cks/k dk og laøe.k djkuk pkgrk gsa Kku dk O;kikj rfkk Kku dh laøkfur dk O;kikj& nksuksa esa bruk vf/kd lkfuu/; gs fd cks/k dk mn; gksrs gh mldh vfhko;fä rr{k.k gksus yxrh gsa?kv dks ns[krs gh ns[kusokyk dg mbrk gs& v;a?kv%a bl dkj.k,slk yxrk gs tsls Kku dk mn; gh bu 'kcnksa ls gks jgk gsaß 22 bl dkj.k bruk rks vo'; Lohdk;Z gksxk fd 'kcn ls vfkz dk Lej.k rfkk vfkz ls 'kcn dk Lej.k O;kfIr vkfn ds Lej.kksa dh vis{kk 'kh?kzrj gksrs gsaa bl dkj.k 'kkcncks/klkexzh 'kh?kzrj leik gs rfkk mlls Hkh 'kh?kzrj leik gs çr;{k dh lkexzha bl dkj.k lekufo"k;d lkefxz;ksa ds dky esa çr;{klkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr rfkk lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 29

30 a 'kkcncks/k dk çfrcu/k vksj 'kkcncks/klkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfrcu/k gqvk djrk gsa blh çdkj fofhkuufo"k;d lkefxz;ksa ds dky esa pw fd lelr fo"k;ksa dk Kku leiknuh; gs] rks tks lkexzh foyec ls leik gksrh gs mlds }kjk dk;z dk leiknu djds 'kh?kzrj la;kstuh; lkexzh dkykurj esa iqu%la;kstu dj ysuk mfpr rfkk ;qfälaxr gsa bl dkj.k fofhkuufo"k;d vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds dky esa foyecrj la;kstuh; vuqfefrlkexzh ds }kjk vuqfefr dk çfker;k leiknu ;qfälaxr gsa bl dkj.k vuqfefrlkexzh fofhkuufo"k;d vuqhkolkefxz;ksa ds dky esa çr;{k rfkk 'kkcncks/k nksuksa dk çfrcu/k dj nsrh gs rfkk 'kkcncks/klkexzh fofhkuufo"k;d gksus ij çr;{k dk çfrcu/k dj fn;k djrh gsa bl lekufo"k;dro rfkk fofhkuufo"k;dro dks Hkh,dne dbksj ekun.mks a es ges a ij[kuk im+ sxka tsls?kvoku~ iv% vksj ivoku~?kv% bu nksuks a Kkuks a ds fo"k; eksvs rksj ij leku gh gs a D;ks afd bu nksuks a gh Kkuks a es a?kv] iv rfkk muds e/; la;ksx lecu/k fo"k; ds :i es a vk jgs gs aa ijurq dksbz Hkh bu nksuks a Kkuks a dks lekufo"k;d ekuuk ;qfälaxr ugha ekusxka D;ks afd,d Kku es a iv es a?kv dk la;ksxkred lecu/k gs] iv fo'ks"; gs vksj?kv fo'ks"k.k ;kuh çdkj gsa f}rh; Kku es a?kv es a iv dk la;ksxkred lecu/k gs]?kv fo'ks"; gs vksj iv fo'ks"k.k ;kuh çdkj gsa bl dkj.k bu nksuks a Kkuks a dk fofhkuufo"k;dro cu tkrk gsa bl çdkj ds fofhkuufo"k;dro dks fouk lunhkz es a yk;s] bu lakkuh; çkfkfedrkvks a dks lgh jhfr ls ugha le>k tk ldrka bl lexz foospu esa blh dkj.k fufozdyid çr;{k dh ppkz ugha dh x;h gs D;ksafd fufozdyid çr;{k dh tks fo"k;rk gksrh gs] mldks uo;us;kf;dksa us rqjh;k fo"k;rk dgk gsa og fo"k;rk u rks çdkjrk uked fo"k;rk gs] u rks fo'ks";rk uked vksj u gh lalxzrk ukeda bu rhuksa gh fo"k;rkvksa ls fhkuu çdkj dh og fo"k;rk gsa bl dkj.k fufozdyid Kku fdlh Hkh vkuqhkfod Kku dk lekufo"k;d ugha gks ldrka bl dkj.k og fdlh Hkh Kku dk çfrc/; ugha gks ldrka n'kzu,oa /kez foòkx] dk'kh fgunw fo'ofo kyk;] okjk.klh 30 lfppnkuun fej

31 lanòz,oa iknfvii.kh& 1- vius,d vkys[k ÏÁbdabodha, Cognitive Priority and the Odd Stories on PrakÁratÁvÁda & SamsargatavÁdÁ Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol.27, No. 4. PP , Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands ls çdkf'kr gs] vp;qrkuun nk'k us bl fo"k; ij dqn fcunqvksa dk l³~dsr vo'; fn;k FkkA ijurq mä vkys[k ds }kjk foosp; fo"k; eq[;r;k vu; FksA bl fo"k; ij,d O;k[;kRed ÁLrqrhdj.k esjs }kjk fykf[kr ^O;qRifÙkokn* dh ^lquunk* uked fgunh O;k[;k ¼Òkjrh; fo k Ádk'ku] u;h fnyykh] 2001 ls Ádkf'kr½ dh Òwfedk es a ns[kk tk ldrk gsa 2- t;ur Hkê vkfn us;kf;d blh dkj.k lkexzh dks dj.k ekuus dk çlrko Hkh j[krs gsaa lexz U;k;oS'ksf"kdlEçnk; esa rhu çdkj ds dkj.kksa dh Loh fr Hkh blh vksj ladsr djrh gsa 3- laldkjek=tu;a Kkua Le`fr%A rdzlaxzg] çr;{k [kam 4- bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kkszriuua Kkua çr;{kek~] ;g çr;{k dh lqfofnr ifjhkk"kk gsa lq[k&nq%[k vkfn dk çr;{k fdlh cká bfuæ; ls ugha gksrka vfirq eu ds ek/;e ls gksrk gsa eu ls lq[k&nq%[k vkfn dk lfuud"kz gksdj gh lq[k&nq%[k vkfn dk çr;{k lehko gks ikrk gsa 5- ;=k;a iq#"k uosfr la'k;kuurja iq#"kroo;ki;djkfneku;fefr Kkua r=klr;keuqferlk;ka iq#"kl; çr;{ka Hkofr u Rouqfefr%A i`0 316] Hkêkpk;Z] fo'oukfk iapkuu] U;k;fl)kUreqäkoyh] fnudjh&jke#æh lfgra pks[keck lal r lhjht vkfql] okjk.klh] bl fo"k; esa fofhkuu LFkyksa ij blds ladsr çkir gksrs gsaa ijurq lqli"v :ils bldk myys[k O;qRifÙkokn dh 'kkl=kfkzdyk O;k[;k esa os.kh ek/ko 'kkl=h us fd;k gsa lekufo"k;d'kkcncks/ka çfr çr;{klkexzh çfrcfu/kdsr;sdks fu;e%a i`-04] 'kqdy] os.khek/ko] O;qRifÙkokn O;k[;k 'kkl=kfkzdyk] ¼r`rh; laldj.k½ laiknd& 'kqdy] jktukjk;.k] dk'kh lal r lhjht] okjk.klh] ;nk fufozdyid:ik çek QyEk~A ---rl; KkuL;sfUæ;a dj.ka ---bfuæ;kfkzlfuud"kzeokurjks lakkuh; çkfkferk, % uo;u;k; dh,d vuwbh f"v 31