Tender Documents. Construction & Renovation of Charging & Discharging Drain, Desilting of Kyar, Sluice gate, Stone Pitching.

Transcription

1 Tender Documents Construction & Renovation of Charging & Discharging Drain, Desilting of Kyar, Sluice gate, Stone Pitching. Tender No. 23-Works/ / IV Tender Issue date Last date and time of submission of tender Date of opening of tender Cost of tender form EMD upto Hrs. at office of General Manager (Works) Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake, Pin Dist. Jaipur (Rajasthan) at Hrs. at office of General Manager (Works) Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake, Pin Dist. Jaipur (Rajasthan) Rs.500/- by CASH/DD drawn in favour of Sambhar Salts Limited and payable at Sambhar Lake (Rajasthan) Specified EMD to be deposited by DD drawn in favour of Sambhar Salts Limited and payable at Sambhar Lake(Rajasthan). Sambhar Salts Limited (A Government Enterprise) CIN: U14220RJ1964GO Registered Office: B-427, Pradhan Marg, Malviya Nagar, Jaipur (Raj.) Tel/ Fax: / Unit : Sambhar Lake, Pin , Dist. - Jaipur(Raj.) Phone: ; Fax : E mail: sambhar@bsnl.in site: [1]

2 INDEX S. No. DESCRIPTION PAGE No. 1. Notice Inviting Tender (NIT) 3 2. Techno-Commercial Bid (Part-I) 4 3. Specification 5 4. General Rules and Guidance for Inviting Tender 6 5. General Terms & Conditions of Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake Price Bid 25 (2)

3 No. 23-Works/ /IV/ SAMBHAR SALTS LIMITED (A GOVT. OF INDIA UNDERTAKING) Sambhar Lake, Sambhar NOTICE INVITINGTENDER Date Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake, Sambhar invites sealed tenders, from reputed Contractors Registered in appropriate class with CPWD/PWD/Municipal Authorities/Semi Govt. Organization and having executed the similar kind of work for :- 1. NAME OF WORK: Construction & Renovation of Charging & discharging drain, desilting of Kyar, Sluice gate, Stone Pitching etc. 2. Details of Lots /Location,Completion Period and Earnest Money Deposit are as follows : LOT NO. LOCATION COMPLETION PERIOD EARNEST MONEY (Rs.) 1. Kyar No (A) 03 Months 20,000=00 Kyar No (B) 03 Months 20,000=00 2. Jhapog Kyar (A) 03 Months 20,000=00 Jhapog Kyar (B) 03 Months 20,000=00 3. Main Line Kyar (A) 03 Months 20,000=00 Main Line Kya (B) 03 Months 20,000=00 Main Line Kyar (C) 03 Months 20,000=00 Main Line Kya (D) 03 Months 20,000=00 4. Gudha Kyar (A) 03 Months 20,000=00 Gudha Kyar (B) 03 Months 20,000=00 5. Nawa Kyar (A) 03 Months 20,000=00 Nawa Kyar (B) 03 Months 20,000=00 Nawa Kyar (C) 03 Months 20,000=00 Nawa Kyar (D) 03 Months 20,000=00 6. New Kyar (A) 03 Months 20,000=00 New Kyar (B) 03 Months 20,000=00 New Kyar (C) 03 Months 20,000=00 New Kyar (D) 03 Months 20,000=00 New Kyar (E) 03 Months 20,000=00 New Kyar (F) 03 Months 20,000=00 New Kyar (H) 03 Months 20,000=00 3. LAST DATE & TIME FOR SUBMISSION OF TENDER. : up to hours. 4. DATE & TIME FOR OPENING OF TENDER: at hours 5. Tender document may be obtained from the office of General Manager (Works ),Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake on any working days on payment of cost of tender Rs. 500/- (nonrefundable) on or before through cash/bank draft in favour of Sambhar Sal t s L i mit e d, Sambhar Lake. Notice Inviting Tender Document may be down loaded from the web sitewww.indiansalt.com. However, in this case, the cost of tender document will have to be deposited at the time of submission of tender through DD. 6. While applying for issue of tender documents, valid Income Tax Clearance Certificate and Registration certificate with attested copies as applicable along with application on their printed letter heads and a list of works executed with their value and period of construction should be given. Tender document will be issued to experienced parties having executed work of similar magnitude. 7. Earnest money mentioned above should be accompanied with the tender in the f o r m of DD in favour of Sambhar Salts Limited Payable at Sambhar Lake.

4 8. Tender can be submitted till up to hours at the office of General Manager (Works),Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake and shall be opened on the same day at hours in presence of tenderer who wish to attend. 9. Change in terms and conditions or the specifications or schedule of completion shall not be accepted. Such conditional tenders are liable for rejection. 10. The Company reserves the right to accept or reject any/all tenders without assigning any reason whatsoever and decision of the Company shall be final and binding on tenderer. 11. Visiting Company Website: Tenderers are requested to visit company s website, regularly, for keeping updated them regarding issuance of any corrigendum, which shall be published on company website i.e. only. -Sd/- General Manager [3]

5 Part-I File No.- 23-Works/ /IV/ Sambhar Salts Limited (A Government Enterprise) Sambhar Lake (Technical & Commercial Bid) S.No. Tender form for :- Construction & Renovation of Charging & discharging drain, desilting of Kyar, Sluice gate, Stone Pitching etc. LOCATION:- Kyar No. 9-10, Jhapog Kyar, Main Line Kyar, Gudha Kyar, Nawa Kyar, New Kyar. (1) Name of the tenderer with full address. (2) (A) Sales Tax Registration No. (B) Income Tax Registration No. (C) Pan Number (3) D.D./M.R. No. of earnest money. (4) Registration No. of firm. (5) Firm s status. (6) Experience detail in the same field/ job. (Please attached the photo copies of the work order.) (7) Solvency certificate. (8) Banker s name and Bank Account No. (Including type of account i.e. saving, current or other) (9) Details of various civil works executed by the party in other government departments for Supporting documents. I/We certify that above information furnished by me/us are correct to the best of my/our knowledge. A copy of the terms & condition contained in the detailed tender notice duly signed by me/us in token of my/our acceptance is enclosed herewith. Signature of Tenderer with seal. [4]

6 - :: SPECIFICATION ::- (1) General C.P.W.D. Specification will be followed. (2) Quantity can be increased or decreased as per the strata of Soil & requirement of Company. (3) Contractor shall have to arrange all type of materials, equipment, machine, tools etc. (4) The running bill and final bill payment will be made to the contractor within 30 days after submission of bill and verified and satisfaction by the Company. (5) Curing will be done by the contractor as directed by the company or minimum seven day on each ring. (6) If any tools & plant be given by the company to the contractor on his request, the contractor will be responsible for that. If he fails to return the same then the cost of T. & P. will be deducted for his bill/e.m.d. etc. (7) The contractor shall have to complete as per the completion period mentioned in tender from the date of awarding the contract without fail. (8) Sweet water will be used for mortar. (9) Tor steel of IS mark will be accepted. (10) Dewatering work etc. will be done by the Contractor but the electricity (Power) etc. will be provided by the Company. (11) Only Machine cut ballast will be accepted. Name of Contractor (Signature) [5]

7 Sambhar Salts Limited (A Government Enterprise) Sambhar Lake GENERAL CONDITIONS OF CONTRACT (1) Tender form for :- Construction & Renovation of Charging & discharging drain, desilting of Kyar, Sluice gate, Stone Pitching etc. (2) The tender form can be obtained / downloaded from the General Manager (Works) office, Sambhar Salt Limited Sambhar Lake on any working day or from company web site up to 15:00 h r s o n 25/11/2016. The Tender duly completed in all respect shall be received by 25/11/2016 up to 3:00 PM. The Technical & Commercial bids of the tender will be opened on the same day at 3:30 PM in presence of the tenders are remain present. (3) Tender is to be submitted in a sealed envelope in the manner prescribed below:- (A) (B) (C) Duly signed Tender document alongwith requisite documents as mentioned in tender notice should be submitted in a separate sealed cover super- scribing. Technical & Commercial Bid The price bid should be submitted in the prescribed Performa in separate sealed cover and super-scribing. Price Bid Both the sealed covers should be submitted in a separate sealed covers marked. (4) All amount shall be indicated by the tenderers in figures as well as in words. Where there is any difference between prices quoted in figures and words, amounts quoted in words shall be prevail. Tender should be free from over writing corrections, mutilations etc., However any correction and mutilations should be duly attested by the tenderers. (5) The Tenderer should pay r equisite earnest money deposit in Cash/ FDR/D.D. payable at Sambhar Lake in favour of Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake. (5.1) The successful tenderer will have to deposit 3% Security Money Deposit (SMD) of value of contract as performance guarantee through Cash/ FDR/Demand Draft payable at Sambhar Lake in favour of Sambhar Salts Limited, Sambhar Lake. (5.1.1) If in case the party fails to Complete the work within the time limit after acceptance of their tender then the earnest money and SMD both so deposited will be forfeited by the Sambhar Salts Limited and a 0.50 % per week of the total contract value and maximum upto 10% of contract value, will be imposed and recovered from the contractor. Total value of respective works finalised as a result of tender shall comprise the Contract Value. (5.1.2) In case of any default by the supplies/contractor within the defect liability period i.e. one year from the date of completion of work, the contractor will be responsible to repair and remove the defect. (6) When the tenderer submits tender in response to this tender notice, he will be deemed to have under stood fully about the requirements, Terms and Conditions. No extra payment will be made on the pretext that the Tenderer did not have a clear idea of any particulars point or work or scope of work. [6]

8 (7) Incomplete and late tender are liable to be rejected out rightly, however management reserve the right to accept or reject all or any or part of the tender without assigning any reasons what-so-ever. Tender found contrary to the terms and conditions as contained in the tender document are also liable to be rejected without assigning any reason and entering in to correspondence. (8) Tender shall be valid for acceptance up to 90 days from the date of opening of the tender. No revision / modifications in the tender and rate or the withdrawal of the tender will be allowed during the period of validity of tender or during extended period, if any. Withdrawal of offer with in the stipulated validity period will entitle the company to forfeit the EMD of the tenderers. (9) Negotiation will be held with the lowest tenderers only, if required. (10) The work have to complete within Three months from the date of awarding the contract. (11) Canvassing in connection with tenders is strictly prohibited and tenders is liable to be rejected. (12) DIFFERNCES OR DISPUTES : Mutual Settlement of Disputes Except where otherwise provided for in the contract, all disputes shall in the first place be resolved through mutual discussions, negotiations, deliberations and consultations associating senior executives /nominees of both the parties to dispute Conciliation If the efforts to resolve all or any of the disputes through mutual settlement fail, such disputes shall be referred to the sole conciliator to be appointed by the Company under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, The settlement agreement shall be final and binding on the parties. The settlement agreement shall have status and effect of an arbitration award Arbitration If the efforts to resolve all or any of the disputes thorough conciliation fail, such disputes shall be referred to the sole Arbitrator to be appointed by the Chairman cum Managing Director, Hindustan/Sambhar Salts Limited. There shall be no objection by the CONTRACTOR if the sole Arbitrator so appointed is an employee of Company. In case the Arbitrator so appointed is unable to act for any reason, Chairman & Managing Director, Hindustan/Sambhar Salts Limited, in the event of such inability, shall appoint another person to act as an Arbitrator in accordance with the terms of the contract. Such persons shall be entitled to proceed with reference from the stages at which it was left incomplete by his predecessor Subject to the afore stated conditions, the provisions of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 or any statutory modification or re-enactment thereof and the rules made there under and for the time being in force shall apply to the conciliation and arbitration proceedings under this clause Pending resolution of disputes and differences, the work shall continue without hindrance as per schedule and shall not be either slowed down or stopped. If the work is slowed down or stopped during the period of dispute, the CONTRACTOR shall be responsible for the loss of work /production or delays and any loss sustained by Company due to such actions by the CONTRACTOR, shall be made good by the CONTRACTOR The Arbitrator may from time to time, with the consent of all parties, extend the time in making the award. [7]

9 12.6 The cost incidental to the arbitration shall be at the discretion of the Arbitrator. The arbitration shall be conducted at Jaipur (Rajasthan) or at such other place or places as the Arbitrator may so decide. (13) JURISDICTION :- Subject to clause 12 above, it is hereby agreed that all actions at law or suits arising out of, or in connection with this contract or the subject matter there of whether as to supply, Construction or otherwise shall be constituted in court of competent jurisdiction at Sambhar, Nawa or Jaipur in the State of Rajasthan. (14) GOVERNING LAWS AND RIGHT OF INDEMNITY OF THE COMPANY:- The contractor shall indemnify the company represented through the General Manager (Works) for all the injuries caused to any person or public property due to his negligence or to the negligence of his workers. (14.1) The Contractor shall comply with all the provision of the statutory Acts and rules framed there under particularly in respect of the Factory Act.1948 the payment of wages Act, 1936, the industrial Dispute act 1947,the industrial employment standing Order act 1946, the minimum wages act 1948, The conciliation of statics act 1953, the workmen s compensation act 1936, fatal Accident act,1935, Personal injuries (Compensation insurance) act 1963, The track union act 1926, Maternity Benefit Act,1961, Employees provident fund act 1952, Contract Labour (Regulations and Abolition) Act,1970,Indian contract act 1872 and the rules framed by the state government in respect of various labour Acts as demanded from time to time and shall also comply with the provision of any other enactment, status rules, regulations made by a competent authority and on force in the state during the currency of the contract. The contractor shall indemnify the company for the penalties on account of Breach of any of the conditions there under. (14.2) The company shall remain indemnified by the Contractor against any claim arising under the payment of Wages Act, or the payment of Bonus, C.P. Fund or Gratuity of Compensation Act arising during the pendency of the contract. All such claims will be met with by the Bidders themselves from the payment made to them. (15) FORCE MAJEURE In case either of parties fail, to full fill, in time, then, respective contractual obligation owing to future event beyond their control like Acts of God (including fire, flood, earthquake, storm, hurricane or other natural disaster), war, invasion, act of foreign enemies, hostilities, civil war, rebellion, from time to time for performance of such obligation/responsibility shall automatically extended for the period of force majeure. Provided force majeure is established & one party shall inform to the other party for such occurrence but no one party shall blame other party and claim by the Bidder due to force majeure condition, & both parties mutually agree to further course of action. (16) POWER OF ATTORNEY:- A person signing the agreement or any documents forming part of the contract on behalf of the bidder shall be responsible to produce a proper power of attorney duly executed and attested by a Notary public under the Notaries Act in his favor stating that he had authority to bind the Bidder in all matters pertaining to the contract including the arbitration clause. [8]

10 (17) NOTICES :- Any notice hereunder may be served on the Bidder by registered mail at his last known address. Proof of issue of any such notice will be conclusive of the Bidder having been duly informed. (18) RECESSION AND CANCELLATION OF CONTRACT 18.1 If any technical or legal complication arises through statutory agencies or any other reason, during the period of contract, then contract shall be terminated by the company at its discretion by giving 7 days notice to the party and party shall not claim any damages for such cancellation of contract In case the Contractor fails to complete the contract as stipulated in the contract or any revision and if the company apprehends the performance to be below average than the Company reserves the right to rescind the contract and recover from the said Contractor the loss, if any incurred by the Company in doing so apart from his liability under clauses of the contract Risk & Cost Clause: Without prejudice to the rights of the company and notwithstanding the obligations of the Contractor under the contract arising from the acceptance of this tender or the revise offer or counter offer in response to this tender or in consequences of this tender in the event of any failure on the part of the Contractor, the Company will be free to get the same executed in any manner at the risk and cost of the Contractor and the additional burden on this account, if any, will be borne by the Contractor, and can be realized from the Contractor s pending bills/ Security money deposit or any other dues. This is without prejudice to the Company s claim for other losses and damages that may arise due to the failure of the Contractor to keep upto the terms of the Contract. (19) NON SUBLETTING OF CONTRACT The Contractor is barred from any sub-letting of contract of any nature. 20: DAM AGES UNDER THE CONTRACT: Loss or Damage to Company s Property: 20.1 The Contractor shall carry out the work without damage and/or interference to any other work, machines or equipment and property of the company or other contractors of company in area, adjacent to the area of Contractor s work In case during the execution of contract by the Contractor any loss or damage occurs to any property of Sambhar Salts Limited, then contract shall be terminated by the company and the amount deposited by the party shall be forfeited For damaging the company property Civil and Criminal proceedings will be initiated against the Contractor at the discretion of company and loss incurred by the company due to such damages will be recovered from the Contractor. 21 : M AINTENANCE OF DISCIPLINE BY THE CONTRACTOR The Contractor shall be liable to comply with covenants of contract and tender documents. The company expected the Contractor and his representatives and the labour to conduct themselves in a disciplined manner. All rules and instructions pertaining to well-being of the factory and its precincts, the sanitation and health etc. should be adhered to and in the event of any theft, arson or any antisocial activities on the part of the Contractor, his employees or his labour, the company shall have the right to terminate the agreement. [9]

11 23. SAFETY OF PERSONNEL 23.1 The contractor shall cover all personnel deputed for production under appropriate insurance scheme The company shall not be responsible or held responsible or held liable for any damage to person or property that may result during the execution of contract by the contractor The contractor has to agree to indemnify the company from any or all claims for damages that may result during the execution of project by the contractor The contractor shall provide all safety gears and livery to its workmen to ensure their safety and protection from injuries during the execution of works. The above terms & conditions are acceptable to me/us. Date : Name & Signature of Tenderer [10]

12 lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm lkwahkj ysd ¼ljdkjh miøe½ fuekz.k dk;z lafonkxr Bsds lecu/kh lkeku; funsz k vksj 'krsz lafonkdkjksa ds ekxzn kzu ds fy, lkeku; fu;e vksj funsz k ¼1½ lafonk ij fd, tkus okys lhkh dk;ksz dks LFkkuh; ;k izknsf kd i= esa fn, x, fufonk vkea=.k ds QkeZ }kjk lkoztfud LFkkuksa ds iathd`r lafonkdkjksa dks] deiuh ds izkf/kd`r vf/kdkjh ds glrk{kj ls os;fdrd vf/klwpuk }kjk vf/klwfpr fd;k tk,xka fd, tkus okyk dk;z fufonk nsus vksj [kksyus dh rkjh[k vksj dk;z iwjk djus ds fy, vuqer le;] lkfk gh fufonk ds lkfk tek dh tkus okyh C;kuk dh jkf k vksj lqy fufonknkrk }kjk tek dh tkus okyh tekur tek dh jkf k vksj ;fn fcy esa ls dksbz jkf k?kvkbz tkuh gs mls bl QkeZ esa crk;k tk,xka dk;z ls lecfu/kr mu vko ;d fof kf";ksa vksj fmtkbzuksa vksj MªkabZxksa dk vksj vu; nlrkostksa dk ftu ij igpku ds fy, glrk{kj fd, x, gksa lafonkdkj flfoy bathfu;j ds dk;kzy;] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm ¼blds ckn bls deiuh dgk tk,xk½ esa dk;kzy; le; ds nksjku fujh{k.k dj ldrs gsa ¼2½ ¼3½ ¼4½ ¼5½ ¼6½ ¼7½ ;fn fdlh QeZ us fufonk izlrqr dh gs rks ml ij QeZ ds izr;sd lnl; ds vyx&vyx glrk{kj gksus pkfg, ;k fdlh lk>knkj ds vuqiflfkr gksus ij] ml ij mldks vksj ls fdlh,sls O;fDr ds glrk{kj gksus pkfg, ftlds ikl,slk djus ds fy, eq[;kjukek gksa bl eq[krkj ukes dks fufonk ds lkfk izlrqr fd;k tk;s vksj ;g crk;k tkuk pkfg, fd Hkkjrh; Hkkxhnkjh vf/kfu;e ds v/khu ;g QeZ fof/kor iathd`r gsa flok; mu ekeyksa ds ftuesa fufonk esa lafonkdkjksa dks QeZ ds :i esa crk;k x;k gs QeZ }kjk fu"ikfnr izr;sd dk;z ds fy, dh xbz vnk;xh dh jlhn ij Hkh dbz lk>snkjksa ds glrk{kj gksus pkfg,a jlhn QeZ ds uke esa],d lk>snkj ds ;k fdlh,sls O;fDr ds glrk{kj gksus pkfg, ftls QeZ dh vksj ls izhkkoh jlhn nsus dk izkf/kdkj gksa fufonk nsus okyk izr;sd O;fDr lkeku; eqfn~r QkeZ Hkjsxk ftlesa ;g crk;k tk,xk fd dk;z dh izr;sd en ds fy, og D;k nj ysuk pkgrk gsa deiuh }kjk bl iz;kstu ds fy, cukbz xbz lfefr dk ;wfuv izcu/kd ml le; miflfkr fdlh bpnqd lafonkdkj dh miflfkfr esa fufonk [kksysxk vksj dbz fufonkvksa dh jkf k dks mi;qdr QkeZ esa rqyukred fooj.k esa ntz djsxka fufonk Lohdkj gks tkus ij] mlds lkfk vxzsf"kr c;kuk dh jlhn lafonkdkj dks nh tk,xh mlds ckn og igpku ds fy, fu;e 1 esa mfyyf[kr fof kf"v;ksa vksj vu; nlrkostks ij glrk{kj djsxka fufonk vlohdkj fd;s tkus ij] mlds lkfk vxzsf"kr c;kuk fufonk nsus okys lafonkdkj dks yksvk fn;k tk,xka mi;qdr lfefr dk fu.kz; vafre gksxka fufonk QkeZ tkjh djus ls igys ftl dk;z ds fy, fufonk nh xbz gs mldk Kkiu vksj deiuh }kjk iwfrz dh tkus okyh lkexzh dh vuqlwph vksj mudh fuxze njsa] deiuh ds dk;kzy; esa Hkjh vksj iwjh dh tkuh pkfg,a ;fn bpnqd fufonknkrk dks bl izdkj Hkjs fcuk QkeZ tkjh dj fn;k tkrk gs rks fufonk QkeZ ij Hkj dj nsus ls igys dk;kzy; ls bls Hkjus dk vuqjks/k djsxka [11]

13 [k.m&2 dke dks iwjk djus ds fy, fn;s x;s le; dk] tslk fd fufonk esa og ntz fd;k x;k gs] lafonkdkj }kjk l[rh ls ikyu fd;k tk,xk vksj og ml rkjh[k ls fxuk tk;sxk ftl rkjh[k dks lafonkdkj dks dke 'kq: djus dk vkns k fn;k tkrk gsa og dke fufonk dh fu/kkzfjr vof/k Hkj ¼le; fufonkdkj dh vksj ls fufonk dk lkj ekuk tkus dh otg ls½ iwjs ifjje ls fd;k tk;sxk vksj fufonkdkj mfpr rkjh[kksa ds ckn dke 'kq: u gksus vfkok v/kwjk imk jgus ij leiw.kz dke dh jde tslh fd lafonk स तय xbz gsa] ds nks izfr kr ds cjkcj jde vfkok blls,slh de jde tks ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm ¼ftldk fyf[kr Qslyk vfure gksxk½ r; djs] izfrdj ds :i esa vnk djsxk vksj dk;z ds fu"iknu ds nksjku vpnh izxfr lqfuf pr djus ds fy,] fufonkdkj,sls lhkh ekeyksa esa ftuesa fdlh dke dks djus ds fy, fn;k x;k le;,d eghus ls T;knk gks tkrk gsa] fufonk ds vurxzr fn, x, leiw.kz le; dk,d pksfkkbz fgllk lekir gksus ls igys leiw.kz dke dk pksfkkbz fgllk iwjk djus ds fy,,sls le; ds vk/ks le; ls igys vk/kk dke iwjk djus ds fy, vkj,sls le; dk rhu pksfkkbz fgllk lekir gksus ls igys rhu pksfkkbz dke iwjk djus ds fy, ck/; gksxka bl 'krz dk ikyu djus esa fufonkdkj ds vlqy jgus dh flfkfr esa] og,sls izr;sd fnu ds fy, ftlesa dke mfpr ek=k eas v/kwjk jg tkrk gsa] leiw.kz dke dh mdr ykxr ds nks izfr kr ds cjkcj jde vfkok blls NksVh,slh jde tks izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm r; djs] izfrdj ds :i esa vnk djus ds :i esa vnk djus ds fy, fteesnkj gksxk] ijurq lnso ;g Hkh bl [k.m ds micu/kksa ds vurxzr vnk dh tkus okyh iwjh jde fufonk esa fn[kkbz xbz dk;z dh ykxr dh,d izfr kr ls T;knk ugha gksxha [k.m&3,sls fdlh Hkh ekeys esa ftlesa bl lafonk ds fdlh [k.m vfkok [k.mksa ds vurxzr lafonkdkj viuh leiw.kz tekur tek dh jde ds cjkcj izfrdj vnk djus dh fteesnkjh vius Åij ysxk ¼pkgs og bdv~bh jde ds :i esa vnk dh xbz gks ;k fd rksa esa dvksrh }kjk vfkok mlus [k.m 16 ¼[k½ esa vurfof"v 'krksz esa ls fdlh 'krz dk myya?ku fd;k gks½ ogka ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm dks ;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd uhps crk, x, jklrksa esa ls,slk dksbz Hkh jklrk tks og deiuh ds fgr esa lcls mi;qdr le>sa] vf[r;kj djs %& ¼d½ ¼[k½ ¼x½ lafonk dks fo[kfmar djuk ¼;wfuV izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm ds glrk{kjksa ls lafonk dks fn;k fyf[kr fo[kamu dk uksfvl ftldk fu pk;d lk{; gksxk½ vksj,slh flfkfr esa lafonkdkj dh tekur tek dk vf/kgj.k gks tk,xk] vksj ogh iwjh rjg ls deiuh ds vf/kdkj esa gksxha,sls vu; etnwjksa dks dke ij j[k ysxk] ftugsa deiuh osru nsxh vfkok dke dks vfkok dke ds fdlh fglls dks iwjk djus ds fy, lkexzh dh iwfrz djuk] etnwjh dk [kpkz vksj lkexzh dk ewy; lafonkdkj ds uke [kpz fy[kuk ¼ftldh ykxr vksj ewy; dh jde ds ckjs esa ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm }kjk lafonkdkj ds fo:) fn;k x;k izek.k i= vfure vksj fu pk;d gksxk½ vksj fd, x, dke ewy; lhkh n``f"v;k ls fcydqy mlh rjhds vksj fcydqy mugha njksa ij mlds uke tek djuk ftl izdkj fd og dke mldh lafonk dh 'krksz ds vurxzr lafonkdkj }kjk gh fd;k tkrk vksj fd, x, dke ds ewy; ds fo"k; esa ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm }kjk lafonkdkj ds fo:) fn;k x;k izek.k i= vfure vksj fu pk;d gksxka lafonkdkj ds dke dks ekiuk vksj mldk,slk fgllk vius gkfk esa ys ysuk] tks fd mlds }kjk v/kwjk imk gs vksj mls iwjk djus ds fy, fdlh nwljs lafonkdkj dks nsuk,sls ekeys esa,slss dksbz [kpsz tks ml jkf k ls vf/kd gs tks fd ewy lafonkdkj dks leiw.kz dke mlds }kjk fu"ikfnr fd, tkus ij nh tkrh ¼ml vf/kd [kpz ds ckjs esa ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm dk izek.k i= vfure vksj fu pk;d gksxk½ ey lafonkdkj }kjk ogu vksj vnk fd;s tk,sxsa vksj os deiuh }kjk mls ns; fdlh Hkh jde [12]

14 esa ls lafonk ds vurxzr vfkok vu;fkk mldh tekur tek vfkok mldh fcøh ls ¼vFkok mlds,d i;kzir Hkkx dh fcøh ls½ izkir gksus okyh vk; esa ls dkvs tk ldrs gsa ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm }kjk mi;qzdr jklrksa esa ls dksbz Hkh jklrk viuk, tkus dh flfkfr esa lafonkdkj mlds }kjk dksbz lkexzh [kjhns tkus vfkok izkir fd, tkus vfkok fdugha dk;ksz esa yx tkus vfkok dke ds fu"iknu vfkok lafonk ds fu"iknu ds dkj.k ;k bugsa /;ku esa j[k dj nh xbz fdlh is kxh dh otg ls mbkbz xbz gkfu ds fy, izfrdkj dk nkosnkj ugha gksxka vksj ftl ekeysa esa iwokszdr micu/k ds vurxzr lafonk fo[kafmr dh tk;sxh mleas lafonkdkj lafonk ds vurxzr mlds }kjk oklro esa fu"ikfnr fd, x, fdlh dke ls fy, rc rd dksbz jkf k olwy djus vfkok mls vnk fd, tkus dk gdnkj ugha gksxk] tc rd fd og ;wfuv izcu/kd dk,sls dke ds fu"iknu vksj mlds fo"k; esa ns; ewy; ds ckjs esa lurq"v ugha dj nsrk vksj og dsoy bl izdkj ls izekf.kr fd, x, ewy; dh vnk;xh izkir djus dk gh gdnkj gksxka [k.m&4,sls fdlh ekeysa esa] ftlesa ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm dks bl i= ds [k.m 8 }kjk iznùk 'kfdr;ksa esa fdlh 'kfdr dk iz;ksx djuk t:jh gks x;k gks vksj ml 'kfdr dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gks ogkwa ml 'kfdr dk iz;ksx u djus dk vfkz ;g ugha gksxk fd bl i= esa nh gqbz 'krksz esa ls fdlh Hkh 'krz dk vf/kr;kx dj fn;k x;k gs vksj lafonkdkj }kjk dh xbz,slh pwd ds fdlh Hkkoh ekeys dh flfkfr esa,slh 'kfdr;ksa dk iz;ksx djuk fojks/kh ugha gksxka ftl fo"k; esa mls bl i= ds fdlh [k.m vfkok [k.mksa }kjk mldh tekur tek dh jde ds cjkcj izfrdkj vnk djus ds fy, fteesnkj?kksf"kr fd;k x;k gsa vksj igys ds vfkok Hkkoh izfrdkj ds fo"k; esa lafonkdkj dh ns;rk vizhkkfor gh jgsxha ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm }kjk] iwoz [k.m ds vurxzr mls nh xbz ¼d½ vfkok ¼x½ 'kfdrk;ksa esa ls fdlh Hkh 'kfdr dk izorzu djk;s tkus dh flfkfr esa] og vxj,slk pkgs rks] fuekz.k dk;z esa ;k ml ij yxs gq, ;k ml LFkkku ij ims gq, vfkok lafonkdkj ls lecfu/kr vfkok mlds }kjk izkir fd, x, vksj dke vfkok mlds fdlh Hkkx ds fu"iknu ds fy, blrseky fd, tkus ds iz;kstu ls j[ks gq, reke vkstkj] la;a= lkexzh vksj Hk.Mkj dk dctk ys ldrk gs vksj ys[ks esa lafonk nj ij mudh vnk;xh vfkok lek;kstu dj ldrk gs] vfkok buds pkyw cktkj njksa ij iz;kstuh; u gksus dh flfkfr esa vfkok ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm }kjk mlls ;g dgk tk, fd og,sls vkstkj] la;a= lkexzh vfkok Hk.Mkj dks,d fuf pr le; ds vunj ftldk,sls uksfvl esa fo ks"k :i ls myys[k fd;k tk,xk ifjlj ls gvk ys vksj lafonkdkj ds,slh fdlh ekax dk ikyu u dj ikus dh flfkfr esa deiuh dk ;wfuv izcu/kd lafonkdkj ds [kpz ij mugsa ogkwa ls gvk ldrk gs vfkok lafonkdkj dh vksj ls izr;sd n`f"v ls mldh fteesnkjh ij mugsa uhyke }kjk vfkok futh fcøh }kjk csp ldrk gsa [k.m&5 vxj lafonkdkj vius dk;z fu"iknu esa imh vifjgk;z ck/kk ds vk/kkj ij vfkok vu; fdlh vk/kkj ij dke dks iwjk djus dk le; c<okuk pkgsxk] rks og ml ck/kk ds lkeus imus dh rkjh[k ls 30 fnu ds vunj] ftlds vk/kkj ij iwokszdr izdkj dk le; c<okuk pkgrk gs] deiuh ds ;wfuv izcu/kd ds lkeus fyf[kr esa vkosnu djsxk vksj ;wfuv izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm] ;fn mldh jk; esa ¼tks vfure gksxh½ bl ds fy, mfpr dkj.k crk;s x, gsa rks],slk le; c<kus dk] vxj dksbz gks rks izkf/kdkj ns ldrk gs] tksa mldh jk; esa t:jh vksj mfpr gsa [k.m&6 dke iwjk gks tkus ij] lafonkdkj dks deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j }kjk bl izdkj dke iwjk gksus dk,d izek.k i= fn;k tk,xk ysfdu rc rd,slk dksbz izek.k i= ugha fn;k tk,xk vksj u gh dk;z dks iwjk gqvk ekuk tk,xk tc rd fd lafonkdkj ml ifjlj esa ftl ij fd fuekz.k dk;z fu"ikfnr fd;k tk,xk] <kapk] cph gqbz lkexzh vksj dwmk djdv ugha gvk,xk vksj ydmh ds dke] njoktksa] f[kmfd;ksa] nhokjksa] Q kksz vfkok,slh fdlh Hkh bekjr ds vu; fgllksa ls /kwy fev~vh lkq ugha dj nsxk] ftlesa ftl ij ;k ftlds vklikl dke fu"ikfnr fd;k tkus okyk gs vfkok mlus ml dke dk fu"iknu djus ds iz;kstu ls tks vius ikl j[k [13]

15 j[kh Fkh vksj u rc rd deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j }kjk dke dk uki fy;k tk,xk ftlds }kjk uki djk;k tkuk lafonkdkj ds fy, ck/;dj vksj f pk;d gksxk vxj lafonkdkj dke iwjk djus ds fy, fuf pr dh xbz rkjh[k dks ;k blls igys <kapk cph gqqbz lkexzh vksj dwms djdv dks gvkus vksj /kwy fev~vh dh lqkbz ds ckjs esa bl [k.m dh vis{kkvksa dk ikyu djus esa vlqy jgrk gs rks deiuh lafonkdkj ds [kpz ij,sls <kaps cph gqbz lkexzh vksj dwms djdv dks gvok ldrh gs vksj mldk ml rkjh[k ls fuivku dj ldrh gsa tksa fd og Bhd le>rh gs vksj iwokszdr izdkj dh /kwy fev~vh dh lqkbz djk ldrh gsa vksj lafonkdkj bl izdkj mbk, x, reke [kpksz dh jde rrdky vnk djsxk vksj og iwokszdr izdkj ds,sls fdlh <kaps] cph gqbz lkexzh ds fo"k; esa] mlds foø; ls oklro esa olwy dh xbz fdlh jkf k ds flok;] dksbz nkok ugha djsxka [k.m&7,d gtkj :i;s rd dh vuqekfur ykxr okys fuekz.k dk;ksz ds fy, rc rd dksbz vnk;fx;kaw ugha dh tk,xh tc rd fd lkjk dk lkjk fuekz.k dk;z iwjk ugha gks tkrk vksj dke iwjk dj fy, tkus dk izek.k i= ugha ns fn;k tkrka ysfdu,sls fuekz.k dk;ksz ds ekeys esa] ftudh vuqekfur ykxr,d gtkj :i;s ls T;knk gs] lafonkdkj }kjk bl le; vuqeksfnr vksj ikl fd, gq, mlds fglls ds vuqikr esa ekfld Hkqxrku izkir djus dk gdnkj gksxk ftldk,sls vuqeksnu vksj ns; jkf k fo"k;d izek.k i= lafonkdkj ds fy, vfure vksj fu pk;d gksxka ysfdu,slh lhkh e/;orhz vnk;fx;ksa dks vfure Hkqxrku ds fo:) is kxh ds tfj;s dh vnk;xh ek= ekuk tk,xk] u fd oklro esa fd, x, vksj iwjs fd, x, dke ds fy, dh xbz vnk;xh ds :i esa vksj og [kjkc detksj vksj nks"kiw.kz vfkok vdq ky fuekz.k dk;z dks gvk nsus vksj rksm nsus vksj fqj ls cukus ;k fqj ls rs;kj djus dh ekax fd, tkus esa ck/kd ugha gksxk vfkok mls lafonk vfkok mlds fdlh Hkkx ds fdlh Hkh :i esa mfpr fu"iknu dh Lohd`fr vfkok fdlh nkos dk tek gksuk ugha le>k tk,xk vksj ugha og bu 'krksz vfkok buesa ls fdlh 'krz vurxzr fglkc dh ;k vu;fkk vfure pqdksrh vksj lek;kstu ds ckjs esa deiuh ds vf/kdkjh dks fdlh :i esa lekir fuf pr ;k izhkkfor ugha djsxk vfkok vu; fdlh :i esa lafonk esa ifjorzu ugha djsxk ;k mls izhkkfor ugha djsxka lafonkdkj }kjk] fuekz.k dk;z dks iwjk djus ds fy, fuf pr dh xbz rkjh[k ls,d eghus ds vunj vfure fcy izlrqr dj fn;k tk,xk vu;fkk deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j dk eki dk izek.k i= vksj rnuqlkj dke ds ns; dqy jde lhkh ikfvz;ksa ds fy, vfure vksj ck/;dj gksasxsa [k.m&8 iwoz eghus esa fu"ikfnr lkjs dke ds fy, lafonkdkj }kjk gj eghus deiuh }kjk fuf pr dh xbz rkjh[k dks ;k mlls igys,d fcy izlrqr fd;k tk,xk vksj deiuh mldk lr;kiu djkus ds iz;kstu ls mldk visf{kr uki ysxh ;k mldh O;oLFkk djsxh vksj vxj leer gqvk rks nkos dk] tgkwa rd og Lohdk;Z gksxk] fcy is k fd, tkus ls nl fnu lekir gksus ls igys lek;kstu dj fn;k tk,xk vxj lafonkdkj iwokszdr :i esa fuf pr le; ds vunj fcy izlrqr ugha djrk gs rks deiuh fdlh v/khulfk dh lafonkdkj dh miflfkfr esa mdr fuekz.k dk;z dk uki nsus ds fy, izfrfu;qdr dj ldrh gsa] ftlds uki lwph ij fd, gq, izfrglrk{kj iz;kzir izek.k ekus tk;sxsa vksj deiuh,slh lwph ls fcy rs;kj dj ldrh gs tks lhkh n`f"v;ksa ls lafonkdkj ds fy, ck/;dj gksxka [k.m&9 lafonkdkj lhkh fcy Nis gq, QkeksZ ij izlrqr djsxk tks vkosnu djus ij bzdkbz izcu/kd] lkwahkj lkyv~l fyfevsm ds dk;kzy; ls vkosnu dj izkir fd, tk ldrs gs vksj fcy esa Hkjs tkus okys [kpsz lnso fufonk esa crkbz xbz njksa ij gh p<k, tk,xsa vfkok bu 'krksz ds vuqlkj esa fdlh vfrfjdr dke dk vkns k fn, tkus dh flfkfr esa] ftldk myys[k fufonk esa ugha fd;k x;k gs ;k ftldk mlesa O;oLFkk ugha dh xbz gsa],sls fuekz.k dk;z ds fy, blesa blds i'pkr~ nh xbz njksa ij Hkjs tk,xsaa [14]

16 [k.m&9 ¼d½ lafonkdkj dh ns; jdesa] vxj og,slk pkgs rks] lh?ks mls gh vnk djus ds ctk; mlds csad dks vnk dh tk ldrh gsa tgkwa,sls csad }kjk nh xbz jlhn vnk;xh dk iwjk vksj i;kzir izek.k gksxk] ogha tgkwa lehko gksxk ogka lafonkdkj dks pkfg, fd og vius csadjksa ds ek/;e ls vius fofnor jlhnksa vksj Hkqxrku izkir fcy is k djsa [k.m&10 vxj fuekz.k dk;z ds fofunzs k vfkok izkddyu esa liykbz dh tkus okyh fdlh fo ks"k izdkj dh lkexzh ds blrseky dh O;oLFkk dh xbz gsa] rks lafonkdkj dks,slh lkexzh vksj lkeku dh liykbz dh tk,xh ftldh og dsoy lafonk ds iz;kstuksa ds fy, mlds }kjk blrseky ds fy, le; ij ekax djsxka lafonkdkj dks liykbz dh tkus okyh lelr lkexzh iw.kzr% deiuh dh leifÿk jgsxh vksj og fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls fuekz.k dk;z LFky ls gvkbz ugha tk,xh vksj gj le; deiuh ds flfoy bathuh;j ds fujh{k.k ds fy, lqyhk jgsxh lafonk ds iwjs gksus vfkok i;zolku ds le; viz;qdr vksj iw.kzr% vpnh gkyr esa cph gqbz,slh dksbz lkexzh deiuh ds Hk.Mkj dks yksvk nh tk,xha [k.m&11 lafonkdkj leiw.kz fuekz.k dk;z vksj mldk izr;sd Hkkx Bksl vksj dk;z dq ky <ax ls fu"ikfnr djsxk vksj lkexzh ds lecu/k esa rfkk vu;fkk izr;sd n`f"v ls lozfkk fofunsz kksa ds vuqlkj bu nksuksa gh ckrksa dk /;ku jgsxka lafnodkj ;FkkFkZ esa] iw.kz :i ls vksj fu"bkiwozd fuekz.k dk;z ds lecu/k esa deiuh }kjk glrk{kj fd, gq, vksj mlds dk;kzy; esa j[ks gq, fmtkbzuksa] MªkbZaxksa vksj fyf[kr vuqns kks a ds vuq:i gh dk;z djsxk ftugs lafonkdkj,sls dk;kzy; vfkok fuekz.k dk;z LFky ij dk;kzy; le; ds nksjku fujh{k.k ds iz;kstu ls ns[k ldrk gs vksj lafonkdkj] vxj mls,slh vko ;drk gks rks] vius [kpz ij fofunsz kksa vksj iwokszdr izdkj dh fmtkbzuksa] MªkbZaxksa vksj vuqns kksa dh izfrfyfi;kwa rs;kj dj ldrk gs vfkok djk ldrk gsa [k.m&12 deiuh dks ;g vf/kdkj gksxk fd ewy fofunsz kksa] MªkbZxksa] fmtkbzuksa vksj vuqns kksa esa dke pkyw jgus ds nksjku,sls dksbz Hkh Qsj cny dj ldrh gs] mudk R;kx dj ldrh gs] muesa dksbz ifjorzu dj ldrh vfkok mlesa izfrlfkkiu dj ldrh gsa tks fd og t:jh vksj mfpr le>rh gs vksj lafonkdkj,sls fdugha vuqnsz kksa ds vuqlkj] tks fd deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j ds glrk{kj ls mls fyf[kr :i esa fn, tk,] fuekz.k dk;z dks djus ds fy, ck/; gksxk vksj,sls Qsjcnyksa] R;kx ifjoguksa vfkok izfrlfkiuksa ls lafonk vos ugha gksxh] vksj,slk dksbz cnyk gqvk] vfrfjdr vfkok izfrlfkkfir dk;z] ftls mu ij crk, x, rjhds ls fuekz.k dk;z ds Hkkx ds :i esa djus ds fy, lafonkdkj dks funsz k fn;k tk,] lafonkdkj }kjk izr;sd n`f"v ls mugha 'krksz ij fd;k tk,xk] ftu 'krksz ij fd og eq[; dk;z dks djus ds fy, lger gqvk Fkk vksj og mugha njksa ij fd;k tk,xk tks fd eq[; dk;z ds fy, fufonk esa fofufnz"v dh xbz gsa dke dks iwjk djus dk le; mlh vuqikr esa c<k fn;k tk,xk tks fd ewy lafonk dk;zdh rqyuk esa cnyts gq,] vfrfjdr vfkok izfrlfkkfir dke dk vkrk gs vksj,sls vuqikr ds ckjs esa deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j dk izek.k i= fu pk;d gksxka vksj vxj cnyk gqvk] vfrfjdr ;k izfrlfkkfir fuekz.k dk;z esa fdlh,slh Js.kh dk fuekz.k dk;z 'kkfey gs ftlds fy, bl lafonk esa dksbz nj fofufnz"v ugha gs rks bl JS.kh dk fuekz.k dk;z deiuh dh njksa dks ml vuqlwph esa ntz njksa ij fd;k tk,xk tks fd lafonk dh Lohd`fr ds le; izo`rr Fkh vksj vxj cnyk gqvk vfrfjdr vfkok izfrlfkkfir fuekz.k dk;z njksa dh mdr vuqlwph esa ntz ugha gs rks lafonkdkj dke djus dk vkns k mls izkir gksus dh rkjh[k ds lkr fnuksa ds vunj deiuh dks ml nj dh lwpuk nsxk tks og bl izdkj dh Js.kh ds dke ds fy, olwy djus dk bjknk j[krk gs vksj vxj deiuh bl nj ij lger ugha gksrh gs rks og bl izdkj dh Js.kh ds fuekz.k dk;z dks djus ds vius vkns k dks fyf[kr uksfvl ds }kjk jn~n djus ds fy, Lora= gksxk vksj mls ml rjhds ls djus dh O;oLFkk djsxk tks og mfpr le>rk gs ijurq lnso ;g Hkh fd vxj lafonkdkj blls iwoz vfure :i esa mfyyf[kr njsa fuf pr fd, tkus ls igys gh dke 'kq: dj nsxk ;k mlds lecu/k esa dksbz [kpkz djsxk] rc vksj,sls ekeys esa fd, x, dke ds fo"k; esa gh vfkok iwokszdr :i esa nj fuf pr fd, tkus dh rkjh[k ls igys mlds }kjk mbk, x, [kpz ds fo"k; esa,slh njksa ds vuqlkj gh vnk;xh izkir djus dk gdnkj gksxk tks fd deiuh }kjk r; dh tk,xha fdlh fookn dh flfkfr esa] deiuh ds bdkbz izcu/kd dk fu.kz; vfure gksxka [15]

17 [k.m&13 vxj dke 'kq: gks tkus ds ckn fdlh le; deiuh fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls ml iwjs dke dks ugha djkuk pkgsxh] tslk fd fufonk ls fd, tkus ds fy, fofufnz"v fd;k x;k gsa] rks deiuh lafonkdkj dks bl rf; ds ckjs esa fyf[kr esa uksfvl nsxh] tks ml ykhk vfkok Qk;ns ds dkj.k fdlh vnk;xh vfkok izfrdkj dk] pkgs og dqn Hkh D;ksa u gks] nkosnkj ugha gksxk] tks fd ml iwjs dke ds fu"iknu ls izkir fd;k tk ldrk gs] ysfdu tks og iwjk dke u fd, tkus dh otg ls dke dh iwjh jde ls izkir ugha dj ik;k gs vksj u gh og ewy fofunsz kksa] MªkbZaxksa] fmtkbzuksa vksj vuqns kks a esa fd, x,,sls fdugha ifjorzuksa dh otg ls] ftuesa ewy :i esa vosf{kr fuekz.k dk;z esa dh xbz dvksrh vurfuzfgr gs] fdl izfodj dk nkosnkj gksxka [k.m&14 vxj deiuh dk flfoy bathfu;j vfkok fuekz.k dk;z dk izhkkjh mldk v/khulfk ;g ns[ksxk fd dksbz dk;z detksj xyr vfkok vdq ky dk;z dq kyrk ls vfkok fdlh?kfv;k fdle dh lkexzh ls fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k gs vfkok dk;z ds fu"iknu ds fy, mlus ftl lkexzh vfkok ftu olrqvksa dh O;oLFkk dh gs] os [kjkc gsa ;k lafonk esa crkbz xbz dksfv ls?kfv;k dksfv ds gsa] vfkok vu;fkk lafonk ds vuqlkj ugha gsa] rks lafonkdkj deiuh ds ;wfuv izcu/kd ls fyf[kr esa ekax fd, tkus ij ml dke] lkexzh vfkok olrqvkas dk fofunsz k djrs gq, ftudh f kdk;r dh xbz gsa] mu olrqvksa ds vutkus esa gh ikl] izekf.kr dj fn;s tkus vksj mudh vnk;xh dj fn, tkus ij Hkh mugsa rrdky lq/kkjsxk vfkok gvk,xk vksj bl izdkj fofufnz"v fd, x, iwjs dke vfkok mlds Hkkx dk] tslh ekeys esa t:jr gks ;k tslh flfkfr gks] fqj ls fuekz.k djsxk] bl izdkj fofufnz"v lkefxz;ksa vfkok olrqvksa dks gvk;xk vksj vius mfpr [kpz ykxr ij mfpr vksj mi;qdr lkexzh vfkok olrq,a yxk,xk vksj deiuh }kjk viuh iwokszdr ekax esa fo ks"k :i ls mfyyf[kr vof/k ds vunj mlds }kjk,slk u fd, tkus dh flfkfr esa lafonkdkj tc rd,slk ugha djsxk rc rd izr;sd fnu ds fy, tks bl fnu ls T;knk ugha gksaxs] vuqeku dh jde ds,d izfr kr dh nj ls izfrdj vnk djus ds fy, fteesnkj gksxk vksj,slk djus esa vlqy jgus ds fdlh ekeys esa deiuh lhkh n`f"v;ksa ls lafonkdkj dh tksf[ke vksj [kpksz ij ls ml dk;z dks lq/kjok ldrh gs vfkok gvok ldrh gs vksj iqu% fu"ikfnr djk ldrh gs vfkok gvk ldrh gs vksj ftl lkexzh o viuh ftu olrqvksa dh f kdk;r dh xbz gsa mugs gvok ldrh gs vksj muds LFkkku ij nwljh lkexzh vfkok olrq,a yxok ldrh gsa [k.m&15 lafonk ds vuqlj.k esa fu"iknu ds v/khu vfkok fu"iknu dh vof/k ds nksjku vfkok fu"ikfnr lhkh dk;z gj le; deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j vksj mlds v/khulfk vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fujh{k.k vksj i;zos{k.k ds fy, lqyhk jgsaxs vksj lafonkdkj lkeku; dk;kzy; le; ds nksjku gj le; rfkk,sls lhkh vu; le;ksa ij] ftuds ckjs esa deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j vfkok mlds v/khulfk }kjk fuekz.k dk;z dk fujh{k.k djus ds fy, uksfvl ns fn;k x;k gsa] vkns k vksj vuqns k izkir djus ds fy, ;k rks Loa; miflfkr jgsxk ;k fyf[kr esa fof/kor izr;kf=r,d fteesnkj,tsuv mdr iz;kstu ds fy, ogkwa miflfkr jgsxk lafonkdkj ds,tsuv dks fn, x, vkns k ds ckjs esa ;g le>k tk;sxk fd os mruh gh 'kfdr j[krs gsa ftruh fd os Loa; lafonkdkj dks fn, tkus ij j[krs gsa [k.m&16 lafonkdkj HkjkbZ ds fy, [kksnh xbz txg dks Hkjus vfkok fdlh fuekz.k dk;z dks mldk eki fy, tkus dh flfkfr ls ckgj djus ls igys deiuh dks uksfvl nsxk tks ikwap fnu ls de ugha gksuk pkfg, rkfd vksj mls bl izdkj Hkjs tkus vfkok uki fy;s tkus dh flfkfr ls ckgj fd, tkus ls igys mldh uikbz dh tk lds] vksj mlds lgh lgh vk;ke fy;s tk lds vksj og deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j vfkok fuekz.k dk;z ds izhkkjh mlds vu/khulfk vf/kdkjksa dh fyf[kr lgefr ds cxsj fdlh Hkh fuekz.k dk;z dh HkjkbZ ugha djsxk vfkok mls mldk uki fy, tkus dh flfkfr ls ckgj ugha djsxk vksj vxj fdlh fuekz.k dk;z dks,slk uksfvl fn, cxsj vfkok lgefr izkir fd, cxsj Hkjk tk,xk vfkok uki fy;s tkus dh flfkfr ls ckgj fd;k tk;sxk rks mldks lafonkdkj ds [kpz ij [kqnkbz dh tk,xh vfkok mlesa =qfv ik, tkus ij,sls fuekz.k dk;z vfkok ftl lkexzh ls og fu"ikfnr fd;k x;k gsa] ml lkexzh ds fy, mls dksbz jde vfkok HkRrk vnk ugha fd;k tk,xka [16]

18 a [k.m&17 vxj lafonkdkj vfkok mlds etnwj vfkok uksdj,slh fdlh bekjr ds fdlh Hkkx dks] ftlesa os dke dj jgs gksa] vfkok,slh fdlh bekjr] lmd] lmd ds eksmksa] vgkrs?ksjs ikuh ds ikbziksa] dscqyksa] ukfy;ksa] fctyh vksj VsyhQksu dh pksfd;ksa vfkok rkjksa] ismks]?kkl vfkok?kkl ds esnku vfkok ifjlj ls lvh gqbz [ksrh dh,slh tehu dks] ftl ij fuekz.k&dk;z vfkok mldk dksbz Hkkjk fu"ikfnr fd;k tk jgk gs] rksmsxsa] fo:fir djsxsa] uqdlku igwqpk;sxsa ;k u"v djsxsa vfkok fuekz.k dk;z dks] mlds pyrs gq, fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls vxj {kfr igqwapsxh vfkok deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j }kjk dke iwjk gksus dk izek.k i= fn, tkus ds ckn rhu eghuksa ds vunj ¼fdlh lmd ds fuekz.k dk;z ds ekeys esa N% eghus½ dksbz deh utj vk,xh] rks lafonkdkj mls vius [kpz ij Bhd djk,xk vfkok blesa pwd gksus ij] deiuh mls nwljs dkexkjksa ls Bhd djk ysxh vksj ml [kpz dks,slh fdlh jkf k esa ls ckwav ysxh tks ml le; ;k mlds ckn fdlh Hkh le; lafonkdkj dks ns; gksxh vfkok mls mldh tekur tek vfkok mldh fcøh ls izkir vk; esa ls vfkok mldk,d i;kzir fgllk dkv ysxha lafonkdkj dh tekur dh jde fuekz.k dk;z iwjk gks tkus dk izek.k i= tkjh fd, tkus ds ckn rhu eghus ¼fdlh lmd ds fuekz.k dk;z ds ekeysa esa N% eghus½ ls igys okil ugha yksvkbz tk,xha ijurq ;g Hkh fd fdlh lmd ds fuekz.k dk;z ds ekeys esa] vxj deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j dh jk; esa bl lafonk ds vurxzr lafonkdkj dh lelr ns;rkvksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, tekur dh vk/kh jde i;kzir gs tks tekur dh vk/kh jde rhu eghus ds ckn yksvkbz tkus ;ksx; gksxh vksj ckdh vk/kh jde dke iwjk gksus dk mdr izek.k i= tkjh fd, tkus ds N% eghus yksvkbz tk,xha [k.m&18 lafonkdkj vius [kpz ij,slh lkefxz;kwa ¼,slh fo'ks"k lkexzh dks NksM dj] vxj dksbz gks rks] tks lafonk ds vuqlkj deiuh ds Hk.Mkj ls liykbz dh tk,xh½ la;a=] vkstkj] midj.k] lk/ku] lhf<;kwa] jllh] lkt&lkeku] <kapk vksj vlfkk;h fuekz.k dk;z tqvk,xk tks fuekz.k&dk;z ds mfpr fu"iknu ds fy, vko ;d vfkok mfpr gks pkgs og fuekz.k&dk;z ewy :i esa ogh gks] cnyk gqvk gks ;k izfrlfkkfir fd;k gqvk gks vksj pkgs og fofunsz kksa vfkok lafonk ds va khhkwr vu; nlrkostksa esa 'kkfey fd;k x;k gks vfkok ugha vfkok mldk bu 'krksz ls myys[k fd;k x;k gks ;k ughaa vfkok tks vis{kkvksa dks iwjk djus ;k mudk vuqikyu djus ds fy, t:jh gks vfkok ftls og izkir djus dk gdnkj gks rfkk mugsa fuekz.k&dk;z] ls vksj fuekz.k dk;z rd ykus ys tkus dh O;oLFkk Hkh djsxka lafonkdkj fcuk [kpz ds,sls lk/kuksa vksj vksj lkexzh lfgr visf{kr la[;k esa vknfe;ksa dh iwfrz Hkh djsxk tks fuekz.k dk;z dks izkjehk djus vksj fuekz.k dk;z vfkok lkexzh dh fdlh Hkh le; vksj le; ij x.kuk djus] otu ysus vksj uki ysus vfkok tkwap djus esa lgk;rk nsus ds iz;kstu ls visf{kr gksaa,slk dj ikus esa mlds vlqy jgus ij deiuh }kjk lafonkdkj ds [kpz ij budh O;oLFkk dh tk ldrh gs vksj ;g [kpz lafonk ds vurxzr lafonkdkj dsk ns; fdlh jde esa ls vfkok mldh tekur dh jde esa ls vfkok mldh fcøh ls izkir vk; esa ls vfkok mlds,d cms Hkkx ls dkvk tk ldrk gsa lafonkdkj yskxksa dks nq?kzvukxzlr gksus ls cpkus ds fy, lhkh vko ;d?ksjksa vksj cfrr;ksa dh O;oLFkk Hkh djsxk vksj og mi;qzdr,gfr;krksa dh mis{kk ds dkj.k pksv&xzlr gq, fdlh O;fDr }kjk pyk, x, izr;sd eqdn~nesa dh lgh dk;zokgh vfkok vu; dkuwuh dk;zokfg;ksa dk [kpz ogu djus vksj,slh fdlh {kfr vksj [kpz dks vnk djus ds fy, ck/; gksxk tks,sls fdlh eqdn~nesa] dk;zokgh vfkok dk;zokfg;ksa esa,sls fdlh O;fDr ds i{k esa vf/kfuf.kzr fd, tk ldrs gas vfkok tks,sls fdlh O;fDr }kjk fd, x, fdlh nkos esa lqygukek djus ds fy, lafonkdkj dh lgefr ls vnk fd, tk ldrs gsa [k.m&18 ¼d½,sls izr;sd ekeys esa ftles a dezdkj izfrdj vf/kfu;e 1623 dh /kkjk 12] mi/kkjk ¼1½ ds micu/kks ds vk/kkj ij deiuh lafonkdkj }kjk fuekz.k dk;z ds fu"iknu es a dke ij j[ks x,,d dezdkj dh izfrdkj vnk djus ds fy, ck/; gs a] deiuh bl izdkj vnk fd, x, izfrdj dh jde lafonkdkj ls olwy djsxh vksj deiuh] mdr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 12] mi/kkjk ¼2½ ds vurxzr [17]

19 deiuh ds vf/kdkjksa ij izfrdwy izhkko Mkys cxsj,slh jde vfkok mldk dksbz Hkkx tekur dh jde es a ls vfkok deiuh }kjk lafonkdkj dks ns; fdlh jkf k es a ls og bl lafonk ds vurxzr ns; gks vfkok vu;fkk dkvdkj olwy djus ds fy, LorU= gksxha deiuh mdr vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 12] mi/kkjk ¼10½ ds vurxzr blds fo:) fd;s x, fdlh nkos dk] lafonkdkj }kjk fyf[kr izkfkzuk fd, tkus ij vksj mlds }kjk mu lhkh [kpksz dh ckcr iwjh lqj{kk fn, tkus ij ftu ds fy, deiuh,sls nkos dk izfrokn djus ds ifj.kke Lo:i fteesnkj gks ldrh gs dks NksMdj izfrokn djus ds fy, ck/; ugha gksxha [k.m&19 ¼d½ ckjg o"kz ls de vk;q dk dksbz Hkh etnwj fuekz.k dk;z ij fu;ksftr ugha fd;k tk,xka [k.m&19 [k&¼d½ lafonkdkj fuekz.k dk;z ij mlds }kjk dk;z ij j[ks x;s etnwjksa dks mfpr etnwjh ls de etnwjh vnk ugha djsxka Li"Vhdj.k %& ^^mfpr etnwjh** dk vfkz ml etnwjh ls gs] tks pkgs le;kuqlkj dk;z ds fy, vfkok mtjrh dke esa fy,] fuekz.k dk;z ds fy, fufonk;sa vkefu=r djrs le; vf/klwfpr dh tkrh gs vksj tgkwa,sls etnwfj;kwa bl izdkj vf/klwfpr ugha dh tkrh gs vksj ogka ml ftys ds fy,] ftlesa fuekz.k dk;z fd;k tkrk gs],slh etnwjh dsunzh; yksd fuekz.k fohkkx }kjk fu/kkzfjr dh tkrh gsa ¼[k½ ¼x½ lafonkdkj ls fdlh Hkh lafonk ds micu/k fojks/kh gksus ij Hkh] fuekz.k dk;z ij vizr;{k :i esa dke ij j[ks x, etnwjksa dks] ftlesa mdr fuekz.k dk;z ds lecu/k esa mlds mi&lafonkdkj }kjk dke ij j[ks x, etnwj Hkh 'kkfey gs] mlh izdkj mfpr etnwjh vnk djkbz tk,xh] ftl izdkj fd os mlds }kjk rrdky etnwj ds :i esa dke ij j[ks tkrs gsa fuekz.k dk;z esa izr;{k ;k vizr;{k :i esa dke ij j[ks x, lhkh etnwjksa ds fo"k; esa] bl izdkj ds lafonkdkj okys fglls ds dk;z&fu"iknu ds fy,] lafonkdkj etnwjh dh vnk;xh etnwjh dh vof/k etnwjh ls dh tkus okyh dvksfr;ksa] vnk u dh xbz etnwjh dh olwyh vksj vukf/kd`r :i ls dh xbz dvksfr;ksa] etnwjh jftlvj] etnwjh dkmksz ds j[k j[kko etnwjh ds ekuksa vksj uksdjh vu; 'krksz ds izdk ku] vkof/kd foojf.k;ksa ds fujh{k.k vksj mudh izlrqfr rfkk blh Lo:i ds vu; ekeyksa ds lecu/k esa ljdkj }kjk le; ij cuk, x, fofu;eksa dk ikyu djsxk ;k mlls budk ikyu djk;k tk,xka ¼?k½ deiuh dks] lafonkdkj dks ns; jdeksa esa,slh fdlh jkf k dh dvksrh djus dk vf/kdkj gksxk] ftldh dvksrh djuk,d dkexkj vfkok dkexkjksa dks dkexkjksa ds ykhk ds fy, fufonk esa j[kh xbz 'krksz dks iwjk u fd;s tkus] etnwjh dh vnk;xh u fd, tkus vksj mldh ;k mudh etnwjh esa ls,slh dvksfr;ka fd, tkus] tks lafonk dh mudh 'krksz ds }kjk mfpr ugha vksj fofu;eksa dk ikyu u fd;s tkus dh otg ls mbkuh imh gkfu dks iwjk djus ds fy, vko ;d gs vfkok vko ;d le>k x;k gksa ¼M-½ deiuh dh rqyuk esa] lafonkdkj] vius mi&bsdsnkj ls {kfriwfrz djkus ds vius vf/kdkj ij izfrdwy izhkko Mkys cxsj] iwokszdr fofu;eksa ds vurxzr vksj muds ikyu ds fy, dh tkus okyh lhkh vnk;fx;ksa ds fy, izkfkfed :i ls fteesnkj gksxka ¼p½ iwokszdr fofu;eksa dks bl lafonk ds,d Hkkx ds :i esa ekuk tk,xk vksj mlds fdlh Hkh myya?ku dks bl lafonk dk myya?ku fd;k x;k ekuk tk,xka [18]

20 [k.m&19 ¼x½ lafonkdkj] deiuh ds flfoy bathfu;j dks rqf"v ds fy, lhesuv feykus dk dke djus okys fdlh Hkh etnwj dks ¼lafonkdkj us bu lafonk ds vurxzr ;g dke fu"ikfnr djus dk opu fn;k gs½ vius [kpz ls twrs iznku djsxk vfkok mls twrs fn, tkus dh O;oLFkk djsxk vksj vxj og,slk ugha dj ik,xk rks deiuh mudh O;oLFkk djus vksj mldk [kpz lafonkdkj ls olwy djus ds fy, gdnkj gksxha [k.m&19 ¼?k½ lafonkdkj gj eghus dh 4 vksj 19 rkjh[k dks Øe k% finys eghus ds ckn ds vk/ks Hkkx vksj pkyw eghus ds igys vk/ks Hkkx ds fo"k; esa deiuh dks,d lr; fooj.k izlrqr djsxk ftlesa ¼1½ fuekz.k dk;z ij mlds }kjk dke ij j[ks x, etnwjksa dh la[;k ¼2½ muds dke ds?k.vs ¼3½ mugsa vnk dh xbz etnwjh ¼4½ ml i[kokms ds nksjku gqbz nq?kzvuk,a] ftlesa os ifjflfkfr;ka Hkh fn[kkbz tk, ftuds vurxzr os gqbz vksj mugsa igqwaph {kfr rfkk mugsa yxh pksv dh Hkh ek=k Hkh crkbz tk, vksj ¼5½,slh efgyk dkexkjksa dh la[;k ftugsa [k.m&19 ¼p½ ds vuqlkj izlwfr ykhk dh lqfo/kk nh xbz vksj mugsa vnk dh xbz jde] fn[kk, x, gksaa [k.m&19 ¼M-½ bl djkj ds lafonkdkj ds fglls ds fu"iknu ds fy, fuekz.k dk;z esa izr;{k vfkok ijks{k :i esa dke ij j[ks x, lhkh etnwjksa ds fo"k; esa] lafonkdkj dkexkjksa dh LokLF; j{kk vksj lqkbz O;oLFkk ds fy, ljdkj }kjk le; ij rs;kj fd, x, lhkh fu;eksa dk ikyu djsxk vfkok mlls budk ikyuk djk;k tk,xka [k.m&19 ¼p½ lafonkdkj }kjk fu;ksftr efgyk dkexkjksa ds fy, izlwfr lqfo/kk NqV~Vh ds nksjku NqV~Vh vksj osru uhps crk, vuqlkj fofu;fer fd, tk,xsa %& 1 NqV~Vh ¼1½ izlo dh flfkfr esa izlwfr NqV~Vh vf/kd ls vf/kd 8 lirkg dh gksxha blesa ls izlo ds fnu dks 'kkfey djds mlls igys 4 lirkg vksj ml fnu ds ckn vxys 4 lirkg dh NqV~Vh nh tk,xha ¼2½ xhkzikr dh flfkfr esa xhkzikr gksus dh rkjh[k ls 3 lirkg rd dha 2 osru ¼1½ izlwfr ds ekeys esa izlwfr NqV~Vh ds nksjku NqV~Vh osru mdr efgyk vkslr nsfud vtzu dh nj ls fn;k tk,xk vksj bl vkslr dh x.kuk ftl rkjh[k dks ;g lwpuk nh xbz gks fd mdr efgyk dks izlo dh lehkkouk gs mlds Bhd rhu eghus igys rd dh vof/k ds nksjku tcfd iw.kz dkfyd lsok dk;z fd;k x;k Fkk vftzr dh xbz dqy etnwjh ds vk/kkj ij dh tk,xh ;k fqj ckjg vkus izfrfnu dh nj ls muesa ls tks Hkh vf/kd gks NqV~Vh osru fn;k tk,xka ¼2½ xhkzikr ds ekeys esa bl izdkj ds xhkzikr dh rkjh[k ls Bhd igys ds rhu eghus dh vof/k ds nksjku fd;s x, iw.kz dkfyd lsok dk;z ds fnuksa vftzr dqy etnwjh ds vk/kkj ij ifjxf.kr vkslj nsfud vtzu dh nj ls NqV~Vh osru fn;k tk,xka 3- izlwfr NqV~Vh iznku djus dh 'krsz %& fdlh Hkh efgyk dks izlwfr NqV~Vh dk ykhk rc rd ns; ugha gksxk tc rd fd og NqV~Vh ij tkus dh rkjh[k ls Bhd igys] dqy feykdj de ls de 6 eghus ls lsok esa u gksa [k.m&20deiuh vksj QSDVªh fujh{kd dh fyf[kr eatwjh ds cxsj jfookj dks dksbz dke ugha fd;k tk;sxka [19]