ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICULE PLAN DE VEHICLES

Transcription

1 ELECTRIC AND HYBRID VEHICULE PLAN DE VEHICLES Bruno LEBOULLENGER General directorate of competitiveness, industry and services, energy sectors and technologies office ) DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 1

2 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 2

3 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 3

4 The VEH french plan roots GRENELLE DE L ENVIRONNEMENT Oct 2007 EV stands among main tools to achieve the «factor 4» target, raised by the roundtable «Grenelle» Jul 2010 Loi «Grenelle 2» : preequipements for EV charging become mandatory in new buildings and working locations and encouraged in many other situations (i.e. multi residential existing buildings) ; Cities are allowed to equip public areas (streets, public buildings and parkings) in charging spots. MONDIAL DE L AUTOMOBILE Oct President N SARKOZY launches officially the french EV plan Jan Setting on 4 workshop on legal, economic, standardisation, purchase issues, gathering their conclusions in Summer of 2009 FRENCH EV PLAN OCT 2009 : gvt announces 14 measures to develop VEH > 2020 April 2010 : 13 cities and State involved in a common EV plan target 28 April 2011 : The french «Livre Vert» is to be officially published with guidelines, advices to local authorities to help them to purchase and install charging infrastrucutres at the best value for money and highest safety level. DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 4

5 THE FRENCH EV PROGRAM Stimulate demand G2b & G2C Set e charging Infrastructure framework industrial topics Increase R&D effort bonus > 2012, low price of domestical kwh (8-11c /kwh, E-FLeet public-private purchasing plan Livre Vert : 50M subsidies for 13 first volunteer cities involved in EV plan Battery plant project in Flins 125 M «green loans» for BMS industry projetcs VEH IRVE companies Workshop Target VEH offer in 2012 R&D program (PIA, 1Bn devoted to vehicle of the future, exp. On infrastructures & e-mobility systems DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 5

6 THE FRENCH LIVRE VERT (PROJECT) On EV public infrastructures Puissance Temps DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 6

7 THE STAKEHOLDERS Mobilité Stationnement Utilities/ESCO (EDF, Veolia, Better Place, SNCF) Suppliers (Schneider, Legrand, DBT..) Park services (Vinci, Parkeon ) Commerce & Distribution Public area furnitures (JC Decaux, Parkéon ) Service stations (pétroliers ) Modèles économiques Standardisation Sécurité Offre de VEx Equipements électriques Renforcement du réseau Pilotage de la recharge (pointe) DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 7

8 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 8

9 The 13 volunteers cities..and followers * EcoCités: Bordeaux, Rennes, Strasbourg/Kehl, Grenoble, Nice et La Réunion DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 9

10 SOME ISSUES FOUND OUT FROM EXPERIENCE TOPICS Public or private companies EV Fleet Citizen : nor city center nor far rural zones Mostly Charging at home or at work; Shared charging spots ISSUES to be adressed What will be the mains use: utility or personnal; where do the agents live (distance home/work) Combine public transport with interfaces for EV fleet Safety issues; special case to flats landlords and buildings (private/common properties) Fast charge or exchange station Collaboration with parking and service stations operators (concession regime) DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 10

11 Location of infrastructures: two cases DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 11

12 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 12

13 APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES: PP & PFI public procurement (directive 2004/18, pfi, concession ) leverage on market (DBFO) SUBSIDIES (Local Authority and state (50M ) public rules : safety and legal aspects (ie : firewatch into indoor parking) Elect. Grid Supply point Icharging frastructure Renforcement des réseaux Ordonnancement et Optimisation des travaux et des coûts Branchement Raccordement Comptage Reconstitution des flux SI Maîtrise d ouvrage Financement État et Coll. Locales Assistance à maîtrise d ouvrage Coll. locales Ingénierie Maîtrise d œuvre Installation travaux Exploitation maintenance des Infras. / Fourniture de services Roaming Fourniture d électricité A Activités a priori incompatibles dans le cadre d une même procédure d appel d offres B DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 13

14 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 14

15 technical issues 3 Types of Electrically Chargeable Vehicles Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) use battery as main energy source for daily trips, but run in common hybrid mode, with use of the combustion engine running on hydrocarbons, after batteries are depleted Battery electric vehicles (BEV) no other power source than the battery Extended-range electric vehicles (EREV) use battery as main energy source for daily short trips, but use a combustion engine driven rangeextender running on hydrocarbons to overcome range limitations N.B : EV means PHEV+BEV+EREV in the present document DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 15

16 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 16

17 kaizen more than breakthrough No silver bullet towards sustainable mobility 80% of needs are city trips < 40 km/day Lowering emissions by e-cars depends on energy mix and charging mode Huge challenges on batteries Capacity: improve energy density from below 100Wh/kg to at least 200 Wh/kg in 2020 Durability: Ensure that battery lasts as long as the vehicle (15 years lifetime or 5000 deep charge/discharge cycles) Costs: today: 500 /kwh capacity ; for a 150 km range, 20 kwh needed = battery cost of about 6,000-15,000; Safety : Improvements and ROE needed for interfacing & packaging electrical and thermal management equipment. DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 17

18 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 18

19 INFRASTRUCTURES :How to prepare E mobility recharging infrastructure Interoperability (plug, tension, data protocol) : mandate to CEN-CENELEC-ETSI focus group, focus on building use (90%) Cross-border issues : charging abroad should be available as at home: the Fr-German FOT project Data protection (personal, business) within convenient billing systems; Safety requirements for infrastructures places and while recharging/discharging the battery, i.e. short circuits, older domestic installations Charging cable : at home (mode 2), in the car (mode 3), fixed to installation (fast charge AC or DC). No ideal choice DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 19

20 Low carbon drive or low carbon mobility? power generation Energy need limited in mass : based on 120 Wh/km & 10,000 km /year : 1 million EV requires about 1,2 TWh (compared to 600 TWh/year produced in France 4,000 TWh in Europe; EU highest target (10M) would require 0.3% of full EU production. But : French energy mix remains a special case in Europe and renewables remain a costly solution, lacking flexibility, and storage rises cost (about twice). R&D is a challenge. Smart grid and smart charge are required to avoid EV mass demand at daily and seasonal peak DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 20

21 BUT NOT WITHOUT GUARRANTY OF SECURITY Charging profile Domestic usual use (devices) Domestic EV charging Energie consommée par an : Energie consommée par an : 600 kwh Four de 2500 W X 5H x 52 semaines 4000 kwh Charge de batterie à 70% x 5 jours x 52 semaines DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 21

22 FRENCH PRIORITIES FOR E.V. INFRASTRUCTURES Example : City habitants Conclusion: full cost balance is highly sensitive to the charging level and intensity of use DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 22

23 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 23

24 Charging mode provide the technical answer Managed charge will limit peak demand and open new services for very efficient energy management. It is a breakthrough innovation for the grid. non-managed modes managed modes Standard plug Emergency only (10A) DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 24

25 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 25

26 The two possible solutions for the Mode 3 AC charging socket Proposition from France - Italie 1 or 3 phase 32 A Up to 22 kw Proposition from Germany 1 or 3 phase 63 A Up to 44 kw Shutters Conformity with all national codes (In France C15-100) Available Q Selected for France No Shutters (non compliant with legislation for domestic use in several EU countries) Announced as Available DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 26

27 Fast charge and curb-side charge will only concern 5% of total energy Most charging will be done at home, at the office, in public parking areas Most charging will be slow (3 kw to 6 kw charging will probably dominate ) (Estimation of French Govt study) Fast Charge charge < 6 kw Fast Expensive Few Overnight cheap efficient available everywhere 5% 95% DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 27

28 PLAN 1. THE FRENCH EV PLAN a) Global view and stakeholders b) EV chart with 13 cities c) legal issues and procedures 2. TECHNICAL ISSUES a) BEV or hybrid? b) 5 Steps to make EV free of public support c) infrastructures 3. STANDARDS a) Managed and non managed modes b) The tipping point of interfaces : sockets and billing c) The choice in France : low charge to smart charge 4. TOPICS TO BE ADRESSED FURTHER DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 28

29 Some issues to be pursued - PROVIDE INTEROPERABILITY BEYOND THE SHAPES - ASSURE FULL SECURITY OF USE DURING TRANSITION PHASE - REDUCE PUBLIC COSTS OF INFRASTRUCTURES AND INCENTIVES - SHARING BEST PRACTICES IN EXPERIMENTATIONS, ECONOMIC MODELS & PROCEDURES - TESTING THE GRID RESILIENCE TO MASSIFICATION OF EV - «SMART CHARGING» AS A LEVEL TO DEVELOP «E MOBILITY» DGCIS/SI/SDTEE2 Bruno LEBOULLENGER 29