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1 Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventories Conducted with funding from the Transportation Research Board (TRB) and developed under the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Project Brian Kim Wyle Laboratories Airports Council International World/North America Conference and Exhibition Boston, MA September Presentation Outline Overview of ACRP Project Guidebook structure Chapter 1 Introduction and background Chapter 2 - Inventory development considerations Chapter 3 - Emissions calculations and application of CO 2 equivalencies

2 Overview of ACRP Project Transportation Research Board (TRB) Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Project 02-06: Guidebook on Preparing Airport Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions Inventories. Issues with existing inventories Questions concerning double-counting Questions on geographic scope Questions of ownership and control etc. Overview of ACRP Project Goal: Provide guidance for consistent Airport GHG inventory development Research Team Wyle Labs, Inc. Ian Waitz (MIT) Synergy Consultants, Inc. ACRP Panel Members Burr Stewart (chair) Nancy Young Bob David/ Howard Aylesworth Maryalice Locke Larry Goldstein David Full Jessica Steinhilber (TRB Manager) Edward Knoesel Christine Gerencher Sam Mehta Andrea Denny

3 Overview of ACRP Project Timeline: October 2007 September 2008 Guidebook formally available within the next few months ACRP ACRP ACRP ACRP ACRP Overview of ACRP Project Research sources Literature reviews (e.g., protocols, methods, etc.) Survey of major airports (panel, airports, FAA, ICAO, etc.)

4 Guidebook Structure Guidebook and Appendices Guidebook intended to provide concise information on preparing airport GHG inventories Glossary Frequently Asked Questions Appendices to provide further background and more details Guidebook Structure Chapter 1 Step 1 Review Background Information Chapter 2 Step 2 Inventory Development Considerations Chapter 3 Step 3 Calculate Emissions Chapter 3 Step 4 Calculate CO2 Equivalencies

5 Guidebook Structure Chapter 1 Step 1 Review Background Information Chapter 2 Step 2 Inventory Development Considerations Chapter 3 Step 3 Calculate Emissions Chapter 3 Step 4 Calculate CO2 Equivalencies Chapter 1 Introduction and Background Overviews and background-type information Regulatory considerations Reasons for preparing GHG inventories Climate Change Initiatives Environmental management and sustainability programs Disclosure of Project/Action Effects (regulatory-based) Future regulations

6 Chapter 1 Introduction and Background Climate Action Plan Regulatory-Based Project Plan Sustainability Project Plan Chapter 1 Introduction and Background Allocation of emissions reductions Who gets the credit? Emissions reductions can cross source ownership boundaries Not within scope of this guidebook and currently left to airports to explain

7 Chapter 2 Inventory Chapter 2 Inventory Purpose of the Inventory Climate Change Initiatives Environmental management and sustainability programs Disclosure of Project/Action Effects (regulatory-based) Future regulations Climate Action Plan Regulatory-Based Sustainability Project Plan Project Plan

8 Chapter 2 Inventory Identification of ownership and control boundaries Unlike criteria pollutant inventories Protocols adopted World Resource Institute (WRI) International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) (1) Organizational structure (WRI) Control through ownership Broader organizational inventory considerations Chapter 2 Inventory Identification of ownership and control boundaries (2) Operational boundaries (WRI) Scope 1: Direct emissions from sources owned and controlled by the entity (airport) Scope 2: Indirect emissions from the generation of purchased electricity Scope 3: Indirect emissions from sources not owned or controlled by the entity (optionally reported under WRI, registries, etc.)

9 Chapter 2 Inventory Identification of ownership and control boundaries (3) Geopolitical boundaries (ICLEI) Government operations analysis: Generally only those sources owned and controlled by the airport governmental entity Community-scale analysis: Reflects community influence where a city s inventory may include emissions from an airport outside of the city, and an airport inventory may include sources not owned or controlled by the airport Chapter 2 Inventory Identification of ownership and control boundaries Adopted the ICLEI community-scale analysis approach Emissions from sources not owned or controlled by the airport are included in the airport inventory based on airport influence Clear ownership categorizing layer

10 Chapter 2 Inventory Identification of sources and pollutants Based on purpose of inventory Sources Aircraft and APU GSE Parking facilities and roadways (GAVs) Stationary sources/facility power Training fires Construction Waste management Others Chapter 2 Inventory Identification of sources and pollutants Pollutants Level 1: CO 2 only Level 2: 6 Kyoto pollutants (CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O, SF 6, HFC, PFC) Level 3: 6 Kyoto pollutants, precursors, and any others exerting GHG effects Level 2 is the recommended level

11 Chapter 2 Inventory Ownership and influence categorizations Categorization layer Owner (e.g., airport operator, airlines, concessionaires, etc.) Sources (e.g., airport-owned GAVs, aircraft, etc.) Chapter 2 Inventory Geographic boundaries Unlike criteria pollutant inventories GHGs don t have direct, local health impacts Irrespective of geographic location of emissions

12 Chapter 2 Inventory Geographic boundaries Passenger vehicles Emissions from full round trips Chapter 2 Inventory Geographic boundaries Aircraft Landing and takeoff (LTO) cycle and cruise Adopted IPCC protocol in assigning total emissions to the departure origin

13 Chapter 2 Inventory Geographic boundaries Aircraft Airport 1 Airport 2 Flight 1 Protocol Country A and Airport A Related Inventory Country A Flight 4 The Climate Registry Flight 1 = Country A National (Assume Country B is outside of North America) Flight 2 = Worldwide Flight 3 = Worldwide Flight 4 = Worldwide Flight 2 Flight 3 IPCC Flight 1 = Country A Domestic Flight 2 = Country A International Flight 3 = Not included as part of Country A Flight 4 = Not included as part of Country A Country B Airport 3 Airport Inventory Flight 1 = Airport 1 Inventory Flight 2 = Airport 1 Inventory Flight 3 = Not included as part of Airport 1 Inventory Flight 4 = Not included as part of Airport 1 Inventory Chapter 2 Inventory Data availability Data based on fidelity needs and resources available Clear documentation (e.g., sources, issues, etc.) Reporting units for pollutants Recommendation: metric tons Consistency (facilitates reviews, comparisons among different inventories, etc.)

14 Chapter 3 Emissions Calculations Tiered methods Method 1, Method 2, etc. Preferred Alternate Based on fidelity needs and airport resources Emissions = (Fuel use or activity) x (Emission Factor) Chapter 3 Emissions Calculations Aircraft Generally follows guidance from IPCC Method 1: Use fuel sales data for full flight emissions

15 Chapter 3 Emissions Calculations Aircraft Method 2: Use fuel sales data and other methods/models to separately report LTO and cruise emissions Airport Fuel Sales Data Aircraft Method 1 Calculate Total Aircraft GHG Emissions Emission Factors and other data as necessary AEDT/ EDMS Aircraft LTO Fuel Consumption Calculate Subtract Aircraft LTO GHG Emissions Aircraft Cruise GHG Emissions Chapter 3 Emissions Calculations Aircraft Method 3: Use methods/models capable of modeling fuel consumption or emissions for all modes of flight

16 Chapter 3 Application of CO 2 Equivalencies Chapter 3 Application of CO 2 Equivalencies Note: Use 100-year Global Warming Potential (GWP) values from latest IPCC Assessment Report (currently 4 th Assessment Report)

17 Chapter 3 Application of CO 2 Equivalencies Annual Metric Tons Metrics CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O SF 6 Source X Emissions 1, GWP ,800 CO 2e 1, Total CO 2e 1,924 Example Airport GHG Inventory CO 2 (metric tons/year) metric tons/year CH 4 CO 2e (metric tons/year) User/Source Category Total CO 2e (metric tons/year) Airport Operator Owned/Controlled Facilities/Stationary Sources/ Purchased Facility Power 40, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 10, ,000 15,000 Ground Access Vehicles (all vehicles on airport roads) 14, ,500 27,067 Total Airport Operator 64, ,500 82,067 Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft Operator Owned/Controlled Aircraft Ground 140, ,000 Ground to 3,000 ft 207, ,000 Above 3,000 ft 1,890, ,890,000 Aircraft Total 2,237, ,237,000 APUs 30, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 6,540 1,000 25,000 31,540 Ground Access Vehicles 1, ,000 16,278 Stationary Sources/Facility Power Total Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft 2,274,818 1,600 40,000 2,314,818 Public Owned/Controlled Public Vehicles 235,467 3,000 75, ,467 Shuttles and private vehicles 1, ,500 8,967 Total Public 236,934 3,300 82, ,434 Waste recycling (852) (50) (1,250) (2,102) GRAND TOTAL EMISSIONS 2,575,207 5, ,750 2,714,217

18 Example Airport GHG Inventory CO 2 (metric tons/year) metric tons/year CH 4 CO 2e (metric tons/year) User/Source Category Total CO 2e (metric tons/year) Airport Operator Owned/Controlled Facilities/Stationary Sources/ Purchased Facility Power 40, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 10, ,000 15,000 Ground Access Vehicles (all vehicles on airport roads) 14, ,500 27,067 Total Airport Operator 64, ,500 82,067 Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft Operator Owned/Controlled Aircraft Ground 140, ,000 Ground to 3,000 ft 207, ,000 Above 3,000 ft Itemize 1,890,000 sources 0 0 1,890,000 Aircraft Total 2,237, ,237,000 APUs 30, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 6,540 1,000 25,000 31,540 Ground Access Vehicles 1, ,000 16,278 Stationary Sources/Facility Power Total Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft 2,274,818 1,600 40,000 2,314,818 Public Owned/Controlled Public Vehicles 235,467 3,000 75, ,467 Shuttles and private vehicles 1, ,500 8,967 Total Public 236,934 3,300 82, ,434 Waste recycling (852) (50) (1,250) (2,102) GRAND TOTAL EMISSIONS 2,575,207 5, ,750 2,714,217 Example Airport GHG Inventory CO 2 (metric tons/year) metric tons/year CH 4 CO 2e (metric tons/year) User/Source Category Total CO 2e (metric tons/year) Airport Operator Owned/Controlled Facilities/Stationary Sources/ Purchased Facility Power 40, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 10, ,000 15,000 Ground Access Vehicles (all vehicles on airport roads) 14, ,500 27,067 Total Airport Operator 64, ,500 82,067 Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft Operator Owned/Controlled Aircraft Ground 140, ,000 Ground to 3,000 ft 207, ,000 Above 3,000 ft 1,890, ,890,000 Aircraft Total 2,237, ,237,000 Categorize by APUs 30, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 6,540 1,000 25,000 31,540 Ownership/Control Ground Access Vehicles 1, ,000 16,278 Stationary Sources/Facility Power Total Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft 2,274,818 1,600 40,000 2,314,818 Public Owned/Controlled Public Vehicles 235,467 3,000 75, ,467 Shuttles and private vehicles 1, ,500 8,967 Total Public 236,934 3,300 82, ,434 Waste recycling (852) (50) (1,250) (2,102) GRAND TOTAL EMISSIONS 2,575,207 5, ,750 2,714,217

19 Example Airport GHG Inventory CO 2 (metric tons/year) metric tons/year CH 4 CO 2e (metric tons/year) User/Source Category Total CO 2e (metric tons/year) Airport Operator Owned/Controlled Facilities/Stationary Sources/ Purchased Facility Power 40, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 10, ,000 15,000 Ground Access Vehicles (all vehicles on airport roads) 14, ,500 27,067 Show Original Mass Emissions for Each Pollutant Total Airport Operator 64, ,500 82,067 Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft Operator Owned/Controlled Aircraft Ground 140, ,000 Ground to 3,000 ft 207, ,000 Above 3,000 ft 1,890, ,890,000 Aircraft Total 2,237, ,237,000 APUs 30, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 6,540 1,000 25,000 31,540 Ground Access Vehicles 1, ,000 16,278 Stationary Sources/Facility Power Total Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft 2,274,818 1,600 40,000 2,314,818 Public Owned/Controlled Public Vehicles 235,467 3,000 75, ,467 Shuttles and private vehicles 1, ,500 8,967 Total Public 236,934 3,300 82, ,434 Waste recycling (852) (50) (1,250) (2,102) GRAND TOTAL EMISSIONS 2,575,207 5, ,750 2,714,217 Example Airport GHG Inventory CO 2 (metric tons/year) metric tons/year CH 4 CO 2e (metric tons/year) User/Source Category Total CO 2e (metric tons/year) Airport Operator Owned/Controlled Facilities/Stationary Sources/ Purchased Facility Power 40, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 10, ,000 15,000 Show CO 2e Emissions w/documented GWP values Ground Access Vehicles (all vehicles on airport roads) 14, ,500 27,067 Total Airport Operator 64, ,500 82,067 Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft Operator Owned/Controlled Aircraft Ground 140, ,000 Ground to 3,000 ft 207, ,000 Above 3,000 ft 1,890, ,890,000 Aircraft Total 2,237, ,237,000 APUs 30, ,000 Ground Support Equipment 6,540 1,000 25,000 31,540 Ground Access Vehicles 1, ,000 16,278 Stationary Sources/Facility Power Total Airlines/Tenants/Aircraft 2,274,818 1,600 40,000 2,314,818 Public Owned/Controlled Public Vehicles 235,467 3,000 75, ,467 Shuttles and private vehicles 1, ,500 8,967 Total Public 236,934 3,300 82, ,434 Waste recycling (852) (50) (1,250) (2,102) GRAND TOTAL EMISSIONS 2,575,207 5, ,750 2,714,217

20 The End Brian Kim Wyle Labs th Street, Suite 701 Arlington, VA