City of Palm Bay - Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009

Transcription

1 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 City of Palm Bay Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 SUBMITTED BY Shaw Environmental Inc.

2 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Table of Contents Executive Summary... ES-1 Acronyms... i Glossary... ii Palm Bay Factsheet... iv Introduction... 1 GHG Inventory Details Geographical Boundary Gases Included in the Report Organizational Boundary Operational Boundary Other Boundary Assumptions and Clarifications Activity Data... 6 GHG Inventory Results Scope 1 Emissions Scope 2 Emissions Scope 3 Emissions Total GHG Emissions Summary of Results Attachment A Energy Analysis for Calendar Year 2009 Attachment B Activity Data Attachment C GHG Emissions by Facility Location Attachment D Fleet & Mobile Equipment GHG Emissions Attachment E GHG Calculation Methodology Attachment F Data Management Attachment G Inventory of Mobile Sources

3 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Executive Summary In 2009, the initiated and continued several actions to demonstrate the City s commitment to sustainable growth. The City s development plan is based on the principals of stewardship of natural resources, economic health and quality of life for residents. The City of Palm Bay earned certification under the Florida Green Building Coalition s Green Local Government Standard, which recognizes cities for outstanding environmental stewardship. Palm Bay was awarded certification after it demonstrated the implementation of practices that reduce environmental impacts. In 2009, (the first full year of a certified ISO Environmental Management System (EMS) for the Utilities Department), the electrical usage for water treatment was reduced 31% from 2007 baseline values. Additional practices adopted by the City included the use of green cleaning and maintenance practices and Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology in traffic signals. Also in 2009, as part of the City s Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) program, the City developed an Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy (EECS) and a sustainability master plan. The energy strategy and sustainability plan goals are to: Create green jobs Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while not affecting public services Reduce municipal energy consumption and operating costs Develop incentive-based sustainable land use policies and codes, and Become a sustainability leader and lead by example. The has prepared this GHG emission inventory to assist in meeting the goals of the energy strategy and sustainability plan. This report contains the results of the GHG inventory for municipal operations for calendar year The GHG inventory was developed following guidance provided by the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP), Version 1.1. The LGOP was developed in partnership with the California Air Resources Board, The California Climate Action Registry, ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability and The Climate Registry. The GHG inventory shows that municipal operations for the produced a total of 18,240 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO 2 -e) during calendar year Biogenic CO 2 -e emissions from the combustion of biodiesel fuel accounted for 232 mt of the total CO 2 -e emissions. Sources contributing to overall GHG emissions are in shown in Figure 1. Page ES-1

4 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year Fossil Fuel Other Process & Fugitive Emissions 4,390 Employee Commute Electricity 12, Biofuels Figure Municipal GHG Emissions (mt CO 2 -e ) GHG emissions from municipal operations emitted directly into the atmosphere at the location of the source were 4,544 mt CO 2 -e, or approximately 25% of total emissions. The primary source (~87.9 %) of direct emissions (called Scope 1 emissions) was combustion of fuel in City owned vehicles and mobile equipment. Indirect emissions, i.e. those GHG emissions associated with activities conducted by the City, but occurring in a different location totaled 12,297 mt CO 2 -e. This is equivalent to approximately 67.4% of total GHG emissions. Indirect emissions (called Scope 2 emissions) came solely from the use of electricity. Over 89% of Scope 2 emissions result from the use of electricity for water treatment and distribution, wastewater treatment, and in City-owned buildings and facilities, while only 11% result from the operation of streetlights and traffic signals. The has also estimated GHG emissions from employee commuting. Employee commute emissions were 795 mt CO 2 -e. Employee commute GHG emissions are classified as Scope 3 emissions, because they can occur outside of the geographic boundary of the city. The transport of biosolids generated during wastewater treatment also produces Scope 3 GHG emissions. For calendar year 2009, these GHG emissions were 372 mt CO 2 -e. Although GHG emissions from biofuels are emitted by the source directly into the environment, the LGOP protocol requires that these biogenic emissions be reported separately. A summary of the GHG emissions by type (anthropologic or biogenic) is shown in Figure 2. Anthropologic emissions are identified by scope either 1, 2 or 3. Page ES-2

5 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year , ,544 Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Biogenic 12,297 Figure 2. Total Municipal Operations GHG Emissions (mt CO 2 -e) by Scope. Table 1 summarizes GHG emissions by scope and relative to the number of city employees. In 2009, The had approximatley 836 full time equivalent (FTE) employees. Table 1. Summary of GHG Inventory Metric Tons CO 2 -e Emissions per City Percentage (%) Employee Scope 1 emissions 4, % Scope 2 emissions 12, % Scope 3 emissions 1, % Biogenic Total 18, % Page ES-3

6 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 The LGOP identifies eleven municipal sectors that produce GHG emissions and directs City s to determine if these sectors are present in the organizational boundary of their GHG inventory. Only six of the eleven sectors are in the s organizational boundary. The LGOP sectors and their contribution to overall GHG emissions are given in Figure 3. Contribution to GHG Emissions by LGOP Sector 3% Buildings & Facilities 22% 22% Water Treatment & Distribution Wastewater 8% Street Lighting 24% Vehicle Fleet 21% Other Process & Fugitive Emissions Figure 3. Contribution to Total GHG Emissions by LGOP Sector. The City has compiled this inventory in order to develop an effective strategy to reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions from municipal operations. The City will continue to strive to create energy efficiencies, thus saving taxpayer dollars and stimulating the local economy. Page ES-4

7 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Btu British thermal unit CACP clean air climate protection CH 4 - methane CO 2 - carbon dioxide CO 2 -e carbon dioxide equivalent EECS - energy efficiency conservation strategy GHG - greenhouse gas GWP global warming potential HFCs - hydrofluorocarbons IMP - inventory management plan kwh kilowatt-hours LGOP - local government operations protocol N 2 O - nitrous oxide mpg miles per gallon mt - metric tons SF 6 - sulfur hexafluoride PFCs - perfluorocarbons FTE full time equivalent FPL Florida Power & Light Acronyms i

8 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Glossary Activity Data - Information on certain human activities used to estimate GHG emissions. Examples include vehicle mileage, electricity usage or fuel consumption. Each of these data directly correlates to GHG emissions. Boundary The boundary establishes which GHG emissions are estimated and reported. The boundary can be geographic, operational, organizational or another defined limitation. Carbon Dioxide Equivalents (CO 2 -e) Used to relate all GHG emissions to a common basis. Each GHG is assigned a global warming potential (GWP), which relates the heat absorbing ability of the greenhouse gas and the rate it is removed from the atmosphere relative to the heat absorbing ability of carbon dioxide and the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere. The GWP for CO 2 is one. Because the GWP includes the rate of removal of the gases from the atmosphere, the GWP will have different values over different time spans. Climate Zone A designation given to a geographic area that has similar climate characteristics such as humidity, rainfall and average temperature. Cooling degree-days A measure to describe the effect of outdoor temperature on the amount of energy needed for space cooling. It is the comparison of the outdoor temperature to a base temperature of 65 F. For a day with a mean outdoor temperature of 80 F, 15 cooling degree days would be recorded. Direct Emissions Also called Scope 1 emissions. GHG emitted directly into the environment by the emission source. The emission of the GHG occurs within the entity s boundary. An example is the emission of CO 2 from the combustion of gasoline in automobiles. Fugitive Emission The direct release of a gas to the atmosphere that is not physically controlled by a stack or vent. An example is the release of refrigerants from valves, seals and gaskets, or the release of methane at the surface of landfills from the decomposition of solid wastes. Greenhouse Gas (GHG) One of the following six gases identified in the Kyoto Protocol: carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), methane (CH 4 ), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ). Geographic Boundary The geographical boundaries of a town, city, county or other municipal entity. Heating degree-days - Heating degree-days indicate space heating energy requirements for a given location. It is the comparison of the outdoor temperature to a base temperature of 65 F. For a day with a mean outdoor temperature of 40 F, 25 heating degree days would be recorded. Indirect Emissions - Also called Scope 2 emissions. GHG emissions that result from direct actions of the reporting entity, but occur at sources owned or controlled by others. An example ii

9 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 is GHG emissions that occur at a power plant as a result of generation of electricity used by the entity. Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP) A methodology for local governments to follow when preparing a GHG emission inventory. Use of the protocol ensures local governments that their emissions inventory adheres to the latest GHG accounting principles. Operational Boundary The boundary that determines Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions associated with operations owned or controlled by the entity. Operational Control An entity has operational control when it has full authority to introduce and implement operating policies at the operation. Organization Boundary - The boundary that establishes which facilities, entities or activities will be included in the GHG emission inventory. Other Indirect Emissions - Also called Scope 3 emissions. Indirect GHG emissions that are not Scope 2 emissions. Examples are GHG emissions that occur at a landfill as a result of the decay of solid waste generated by the entity, GHG emissions associated with public transport not controlled by the entity. Scope 1 GHG emissions that are emitted directly into the atmosphere. Scope 2 GHG emissions that result from direct actions of the reporting entity, but occur at sources owned or controlled by others. An example is GHG emissions that occur at a power plant as a result of generation of electricity used by the entity. Scope 3 - All other indirect emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as emissions resulting from transport-related activities in vehicles not owned or controlled by the reporting entity (e.g., employee commuting, outsourced activities, etc. iii

10 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Palm Bay Factsheet The is the largest city in Brevard County, Florida. The City was incorporated in Profile Information Palm Bay Palm Bay, Florida Contact Person: Ms. Sue Hann, P.E., AICP 120 Malabar Road Palm Bay, Florida Address: Phone: Services Provided by the : Parks and Recreation Public Works City Administrative Services Police Water Distribution and Treatment Street Lighting and Traffic Signals Wastewater Collection and Treatment Fire and Emergency Medical Response Schools One Charter School City Facts Size: 100 square miles Population: 106,000 1 Annual Budget: $109,000,000 (FY 2010) 2 Employees (FTE): 836 Climate Zone 3 : 2 Heating Degree Days: 595 Cooling Degree Days: 3186 Services Provided to the by other Entities: Mass Transit Buses Schools Primary and secondary provided by Brevard County Solid Waste Collection and Disposal Data for calendar year Source is. 2 From, Actual FY 2010 Budget. 3 Climate Zone designation from US DOE. The climate zone is a geographic group that has similar climate characteristics such as temperature, humidity and precipitation. The zone classification by DOE is typically used to specify minimum building design standards. iv

11 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Introduction The ( the City ) is located on Florida s east central coast in the southern portion of Brevard County, and has a population of approximately 106,000 across 100 square miles of land. Based on population, Palm Bay is the largest city in Brevard County and the 18 th largest city in Florida. It is ranked as the 7 th largest city in Florida, based on its area. The City was incorporated on January 16, The City is bordered on the north by the cities of Melbourne and West Melbourne, on the east by the Indian River lagoon, towns of Malabar and Grant/Valkaria, on the south by Indian River County and on the west by the St. John s River Basin. Palm Bay, along with other metropolitan areas in Brevard County, has experienced rapid growth that may continue into the next decade following a period of economic recovery. The city earned certification under the Florida Green Building Coalition (FGBC) as a Green Local Government. A Green Local Government incorporates multiple environmental, ecological and sustainability features that improve the environmental performance of a city above the status quo. The is committed to meeting sustainability and energy goals as it continues to grow. In 2009, the City adopted a Vision Statement to guide the City in meeting sustainability goals. The Mission statement is: Palm Bay is a city prepared for growth with diverse business and job opportunities. We live in an attractive, beautiful city which is the safest city in Brevard County, and continuously enjoy recreational and entertainment amenities. Palm Bay city government is financially sustainable and provides customer-friendly city services. Palm Bay has a strong sense of community unity and pride; citizens are involved in making a better community This report contains the results of the GHG inventory for municipal operations for calendar year 2009 as well as a description of the methodology that was followed during the preparation of the inventory. The GHG inventory was developed following guidance provided by the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP), Version 1.1. The data collected for the inventory was inputted into ICLEI s Clean Air and Climate Protection (CACP) software to estimate GHG emissions. The has prepared this GHG emission inventory to benchmark the effectiveness of existing energy efficiency programs and to guide the development of additional programs that will result in further GHG reductions from municipal operations. Energy efficiency 1

12 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 can save taxpayer dollars, stimulate the local economy and reduce GHG emissions. Energy efficiency also helps to stabilize utility rates. The will use the results of the GHG inventory to identify strategies that reduce GHG emissions from municipal operations while continuing to grow in providing public services. The City will also use the results of the inventory to determine if the City will adopt the State of Florida GHG reduction goals or set different reduction goals. An energy analysis for calendar year 2009 municipal operations, which serves as a foundation of the GHG inventory is included as Attachment A of this report. 2

13 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 GHG Inventory Details Reporting Year: 2009 Protocol Used: Local Government Operations Protocol Version 1.1 May 2010 Control Approach: Operational The GHG Inventory was developed following guidance provided by the Local Government Operations Protocol (LGOP), Version 1.1. The LGOP was developed in partnership with the California Air Resources Board, The California Climate Action Registry, ICLEI- Local Governments for Sustainability and The Climate Registry. The LGOP is designed to provide a standardized set of guidelines for local governments to quantify and report GHG emissions associated with their operations. In order to prepare the GHG Inventory it was necessary to determine the boundaries associated with the inventory including (1) the geographic scope of the report; (2) the Greenhouse Gases to be included; (3) the organizational boundaries of the city; and (4) the operational boundaries of the inventory. These boundaries are defined in the following sections. 1. Geographical Boundary The geographic boundary of the emissions is fixed to activities that occur within the City limits as identified in Figure Gases Included in the Report The GHG Emission Inventory includes emissions from four of the six internationallyrecognized greenhouse gases regulated under the Kyoto Protocol: Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) Methane (CH 4 ) Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) Emissions of the other two Kyoto Protocol gases, sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6 ), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs), were not included in the GHG inventory as no emission sources for these GHGs were identified. Figure 4. Geographic Boundary. 3

14 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year Organizational Boundary The City selected operational control as the approach used to define the organizational boundary for the municipal operations GHG emission inventory. Because a new communitywide GHG emission inventory protocol is currently under development by ICLEI, the City has elected at this time to only complete the inventory for municipal operations 4. Under the Operational Control approach, an entity is required to report 100% of the emission sources that are wholly owned and/or under the control of the entity. Conversely, an entity is not required to report on those operations over which the entity has no operational or financial control. The LGOP is a specific protocol developed to assist Cities in determining GHG emissions from municipal operations. The LGOP identifies ten government sectors that may be under the control of a City. The staff reviewed the LGOP sectors to determine if they were applicable to the City operations and if they fell under the organizational boundary based on the operational control approach. Table 2 below shows the analysis done to identify the government sectors that were applicable to City operations. Table 2. Local Government Sectors Identified in LGOP LGOP Sector Sector Applicable to GHG Inventory? Inside Organizational Boundary? Buildings & Other Facilities Yes Yes Vehicle Fleet Yes Yes Power Generation Facilities No -- Public Transit Yes No Solid Waste Facilities Yes No Water Delivery & Distribution Yes Yes Wastewater Treatment Yes Yes Streetlights & Traffic Signals Yes Yes Ports No -- Airports No -- During the analysis, it was identified that the City exerts no financial, operational control, or ownership over the following entities or structures located within the City s geographic boundary: 1. There are 24 public and private schools serving grades K-12. One Community College is located in the. Brevard County owns and operates the public schools and the community college. One charter school is owned and operated by the. GHG emissions from this school are included in this GHG inventory. 2. The Brevard County Public Library System owns and operates branch libraries. 3. Brevard County owns and operates the public transit system. 4. Approximately 40 Lift Stations transmitting wastewater to the WWTP are owned and operated by private entities. 4 The intends to complete a community-wide GHG inventory after the new protocol is released by ICLEI. The protocol is slated for release in the summer of

15 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 These activities are excluded from the City s organizational boundary and are therefore not included in this GHG Inventory report. 4. Operational Boundary Operational Boundaries are required to separately account for direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions, to improve transparency and to better define emission reductions objectives. The LGOP identifies three separate scopes that provide a comprehensive accounting framework for managing emissions. These scopes are defined as follows: Scope 1: All direct GHG emissions resulting from the City operations. Scope 2: Indirect GHG emissions associated with the consumption of purchased electricity, steam, heating and cooling. Scope 3: All other indirect emissions not covered in Scope 2, such as upstream and downstream emissions. The operational boundary for Palm Bay includes all direct (Scope 1) and indirect (Scope 2) emissions associated with office buildings, maintenance buildings, water treatment, wastewater treatment, park and recreation facilities, fire stations, mobile equipment and mobile sources owned or leased by the City. Scope 1 emissions are emitted directly to the environment from the emission source and include: Direct emissions from fuel combustion in the emergency generators located in City occupied buildings; Direct emissions from combustion in all vehicles owned and operated by the City; Direct emissions from combustion in on-road and off-road equipment; Fugitive emissions from air conditioning systems; and Fugitive emissions from wastewater treatment processes. Scope 2 emissions result from the use of electricity in City owned buildings, parks and recreation areas, electricity used to pump and deliver potable water, and electricity used for conveying wastewater. The City does not purchase steam, heat or chilled water other potential sources of Scope 2 emissions. The City acknowledges that several activities result in Scope 3 emissions, including such activities as landfill gas emissions from solid waste generated by City operations, emissions from the transport and land application of biosolids, employee commuting emissions and emissions from public transit. Scope 3 employee commute GHG emissions have been estimated for this report. 5. Other Boundary Assumptions and Clarifications Rental fees for office space leased by the City include utility charges. For these leased spaces, GHG emissions from space shared between the City and other entities are apportioned by the percentage of total square footage occupied by the City. 5

16 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 A series of lift stations are used to convey wastewater to the wastewater treatment plant. Approximately 40 of the lift stations are privately owned. GHG emissions from these properties are not included in this report because the City does not have activity data to estimate GHG emissions accurately. Portions of the community of Malabar are provided water and sewer service from the. The Lakes of Melbourne, a subdivision outside of the city limits is provided sewer service. These services account for approximately 1% of the water and sewer service accounts. GHG emissions for providing these services have been included in this inventory. GHG emissions from the transport and land application of biosolids generated from wastewater treatment were not included in the inventory. This service is performed by outside contractors. 6. Activity Data This GHG Inventory reports Scope 1, Scope 2 and Scope 3 GHG emissions resulting from all facilities, buildings and assets leased, owned or operated by the. This includes all facilities that house City staff and/or operations and all vehicles operated by the City. Because it is difficult to monitor and measure GHG emissions, the LGOP recommends the use of activity data coupled with documented emission factors to estimate GHG emissions. The City used annual electricity consumption data from Florida Power and Light to trace electricity usage on an account basis. The fleet manager maintains records on all vehicles used in City operations. The records include vehicle manufacturer, model, model year, vehicle identification number, City identification number, annual fuel usage and annual mileage. For purposes of the calendar year 2009 GHG emission inventory, fuel usage records by vehicle were used to estimate carbon dioxide emissions. Carbon dioxide emissions are strictly a function of the type of fuel combusted. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions are a function of mileage driven. In lieu of using the specific vehicle mileage to estimate these emissions, the CACP program utilized for the GHG inventory uses US EPA default factors for vehicle classes. These default values tend to overestimate these GHG emissions. Table 3 provides the activity data sources used in the GHG inventory. Details on all Activity Data gathered for purposes of this inventory can be found in Attachment B. 6

17 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Table 3. Activity Data Sources. Emission Source Activity Data Data Origin Records Responsibility Vehicles Quantity of fuel Purchasing records Fleet Manager Vehicles Annual mileage Maintenance records Fleet Manager Heavy Equipment Quantity of fuel Purchasing records Fleet Manager Buildings & Facilities Electricity used FPL Facilities Manager Emergency Generators Operating hours Operating records Facilities Manager Vehicle Air Conditioning Refrigerant replaced. Maintenance records Fleet Manager Building Air Conditioning Refrigerant capacity Vendor records Facilities Manager Refrigeration Units Refrigerant capacity Vendor records Facilities Manager Water Treatment Electricity used FPL Facilities Manager &Distribution Wastewater Process Population Served City records Utilities Manager Septic Systems Population Served City records Facilities Manager Employee Commute Mileage to/from workplace City GIS Facilities Manager 7

18 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 GHG Inventory Results 1. Scope 1 Emissions Scope 1 emissions accounted for this inventory include: Direct emissions from fuel combustion in the emergency generators, Direct emissions from combustion in all vehicles owned and operated by the City, Direct emissions from combustion in on-road and off-road equipment, Fugitive emissions from refrigerants, and Fugitive emissions from wastewater treatment processes. For the calendar year 2009, the GHG Inventory identified that emissions emitted directly into the atmosphere from municipal operations were 4,803 Metric Tons (MT) CO 2 -e. This amount represents approximately 25% of total GHG emissions and occurs within the City limits. Figure 5 shows Scope 1 GHG emissions by city department. Scope 1 GHG Emissions 1,784 1, Fire Parks Police Public Works Water Treatment & Distribution Wastewater Figure 5. Scope 1 GHG Emissions (Metric Tons CO 2 -e) by Department. Table 4 identifies all Scope 1 emissions for the LGOP sectors applicable to the Palm Bay GHG Inventory by LGOP sector. The primary source (>95 %) of direct emissions is from combustion of fuel in City owned vehicles. Diesel fuel used in the vehicle fleet contains 20% biodiesel fuel. 8

19 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Table 4. Scope 1 GHG Emissions in Metric Tons Sector CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 HFCs CO 2 -e Buildings & Facilities Stationary Combustion Streetlights &Traffic Signals Water Delivery Facilities Wastewater Facilities Port Facilities NA NA NA NA NA Airport Facilities NA NA NA NA NA Vehicle Fleet Mobile Combustion 3, ,800 Fugitive Emissions Transit Fleet NA NA NA NA NA Power Generation Facilities NA NA NA NA NA Solid Waste Facilities NA NA NA NA NA Other Process & Fugitive Emissions Total Scope 1 Emissions 3, , Scope 2 Emissions Scope 2 emissions result from the use of electricity in City owned buildings, for pumping water and wastewater and for lighting in parks and recreation areas. Indirect emissions or Scope 2 emissions totaled 12,297 mt CO 2 -e for the year 2009, and account for approximately 71% of total emissions. Figure 6 shows Scope 2 GHG emissions by city department. Scope 2 GHG Emissions 4,091 3,129 2,679 1, Street Lights Water Treatment & Distribution Parks Public Works Wastewater City Administration/Fire/Police Figure 6. Scope 2 GHG Emissions by Department. 9

20 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 In addition, Table 5 identifies that approximately 88.5% of Scope 2 Emissions result from the use of electricity for water treatment and distribution, wastewater treatment and in City-owned buildings and facilities, while only 11.5% result from the operation of streetlights and traffic signals. Table 5. Scope 2 GHG Emissions in Metric Tons. Sector CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 HFCs CO 2 -e Buildings & Facilities 3, ,666 Streetlights &Traffic Signals 1, ,411 Water Delivery Facilities 4, ,091 Wastewater Facilities 3, ,129 Port Facilities Airport Facilities Vehicle Fleet Transit Fleet Power Generation Facilities Solid Waste Facilities Other Process & Fugitive Emissions Total Scope 2 Emissions 12, ,297 During calendar year 2009, the City did not purchase electricity generated from renewable resources and did not purchase carbon offsets. In the future, the City will be able to influence the magnitude of its Scope 2 GHG emissions by selecting electrical generating sources that have reduced GHG emissions, such as wind energy, solar energy or sources that use biomass to produce electricity. 3. Scope 3 Emissions The has identified several sources of Scope 3 emissions. Scope 3 emissions include: GHG emissions from the transport and land application of biosolids produced in the wastewater treatment plants, GHG emissions from solid wastes generated by City operations, GHG emissions from the transport of solid wastes to the Brevard County landfill, Public transit and school bus GHG emissions, and Employee commute GHG emissions. For purposes of this calendar year GHG emission inventory, the City prepared estimates of those Scope 3 GHG emissions for which the city had reliable activity data. This included estimated GHG emissions from employee commuting and GHG emissions from the transport of biosolids. Scope 3 GHG emissions from employee commuting were estimated using data on the distance each employee typically drives one-way to their work location. For calendar year 2009, the total 10

21 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 estimated mileage was 1,864,333 miles. At an average fuel economy of 21.1 mpg, the GHG emissions are 795 mt CO 2 -e. Scope 3 GHG emissions from the transport of biosolids were estimated using the total number of trips completed and the mileage for each trip. For calendar year 2009, biosolids haulers completed 804 trips, traveling 256 miles per round trip. Vehicles used for biosolids hauling are 6,000 gallon diesel-fueled tanker trucks. The GHG emissions from biosolids transport was 372 mt CO 2 -e. 4. Total GHG Emissions During the year 2009, the emitted a total of 17,898 of metric tons of CO 2 -e. As stated previously, direct emissions acount for approximately 29% of total emissions, while emissions resulting from the consumption of electricity account for the remaining 71%. A breakdown of total GHG emissions by LGOP sector is provided in Table 6. In addition, Figure 7 shows the distribution of total emissions by sector. Table 6. Total GHG Emissions in Metric Tons Sector CO 2 N 2 O CH 4 HFCs CO 2 -e Buildings & Facilities 3, ,750.5 Streetlights &Traffic Signals 1, ,411 Water Delivery Facilities 4, ,142 Wastewater Facilities* 3, ,649 Port Facilities NA NA NA NA Airport Facilities NA NA NA NA Vehicle Fleet 3, ,798 Transit Fleet NA Power Generation Facilities NA Solid Waste Facilities NA Other Process & Fugitive Emissions Employee Commute Biogenic Emissions Grand Total 17, ,240 * Includes Scope 3 emissions from biosolids transport. 11

22 City of Governmental Operations Greenhouse Gas Emission Inventory Calendar Year 2009 Total GHG Emissions mt CO 2-3 3,751 4,142 3,649 3,798 1, Buildings & Facilities Streetlights & Traffic Signals Utilities - Water Utilities - Wastewater Vehicle Fleet Other Process & Fugitive Employee Commute Biogenic Figure 7. Total GHG Emissions by Sector. 5 Summary of Results This inventory identifies the magnitude, the source, and type of the GHG emissions from municipal operations. The GHG inventory serves to provide baseline GHG emissions that will be used by the City to guide planning and to identify practices and strategies that advance sustainability goals. On an overall basis, the largest contributor to GHG emissions is the vehicle fleet, closely followed by water distribution and wastewater treatment emissions. Fleet GHG emissions result from combustion of fossil fuels; GHG emissions from water distribution and wastewater treatment are primarily from the use of electricity. The is proactively reducing GHG emissions on a community-wide basis. For example, the City recently entered into a new franchise agreement with Waste Management that is expected to result in reduced GHG emissions through increased recycling and reduced fuel. The agreement transitions solid waste collection to a CART system with single-stream recycling and reduces waste collection from two days per week to one day per week. Moreover, other air quality improvements are anticipated from the purchase and use of fourteen new collection vehicles that will have the latest-technology pollution control devices and will be primarily automated. The new system will be fully operational in March Although solid waste collection is not within the City s control, the transition to the new system should result in reduced GHG emissions on a community-wide basis, which can be better quantified by the vendor once the system is operational. Another way in which the reduces GHG emissions is the method used for disposal of wastewater effluent. The primary method of effluent disposal utilized at the 12

23 Wastewater Treatment Plant is the Deep Injection Well (DIW) facility, no treatment effluent is discharged directly to surface water. The DIW has a design capacity of 10.0 MGD and is permitted for an average daily effluent flow of 5.0 MGD. Disposing of the treatment effluent by way of a DIW eliminates pollution of any type to surface waters and eliminates the formation of N 2 O and its release from surface waters. The has recently built a biosolids dewatering facility (belt filter press) at their Troutman Wastewater Plant. The installed equipment reduces the volume of water contained in the biosolids produced as a by-product of the wastewater treatment process. By reducing the volume of water, the number of trip for land apply the biosolids is reduced considerably. Furthermore, the dewatered biosolids can potentially be used as a soil amendment, alternate fuel source or fertilizer. The City is actively pursuing the feasibility of alternative energy production using dried biosolids, fats, oils, and greases, and other combustible waste, at the biosolids dewatering facility. The does not treat surface water and approximately 45% of its source water comes from deep wells drawing water from the Floridian Aquifer. Although treatment costs (energy costs) are greater (150% to 200% depending on treatment flows) to treat alternative source water to drinking water standards, the City has developed an alternative water source to provide for the long term growth of the city and to protect the ecological systems that are dependent on fresh water. The will use the CACP software to estimate GHG emissions on an annual basis. The annual GHG emission estimation will demonstrate the progress the City is making toward meeting its sustainability goals. Formal GHG inventory reports will be prepared at least every five years, or more frequently if there are significant changes to the inventory. As shown in Table 7, the s GHG emissions from municipal operations are similar to those reported by other Florida cities as a percent of total GHG emissions. For this comparison, we have selected only those Cities that have prepared a GHG emission inventory following the LGOP and have reported emissions for the same sectors as the. Table 7. GHG Emissions from Municipal Operations for Florida Cities. Palm Bay Sarasota Key West Inventory Population 106,000 55,644 25,319 Number FTE Employees (a) 477 (b) Total GHG emissions 18,240 28,579 17,596 (metric tons CO 2 -e) GHG emissions/fte Buildings & Facilities 19.5% 19.8% 17.9% Streetlights& Traffic Signals 9.3% 8.3% 13.2% Water Delivery & Wastewater 42.7.% 38.5% 24.4% Treatment Solid Waste % 15.7% Vehicle Fleet 23.9% 13.7% 25.8% Employee Commute 4.5% 11.4% 3.4% (a) City of Sarasota, Funded staffing levels by department, (b) City of Key West, Florida Comprehensive Annual Fiscal Report, Fiscal Year Ended September 30,

24 As shown in the table, GHG emissions per FTE employees are less for the. This shows that the is providing the same level of service in an energy efficient and GHG efficient manner. The is evaluating if the City will be able to economically meet Florida s GHG reduction goals as established in Executive Order This order calls for a 10 percent reduction in GHG emissions from 2007 levels by 2012, a 25% reduction by 2017 and a 40% reduction by The has already conducted energy audits at six municipal buildings. If all recommendations from the energy audits are implemented, the City can expect a reduction of 3.0% in GHG emissions. To meet the 10% reduction mandate for 2012 would require some significant changes and the 25% reduction mandate for 2017 would require a heavy dependence on renewable energy. Some potential reductions that could be obtained are: Obtain a 10% reduction in electrical energy usage across all municipal operations. This would provide a 6.7% reduction in GHG emissions, if there is no change in the electrical energy supplier. Obtain a 10% reduction in gasoline fuel usage. Potential ways to obtain this reduction are driver training, enhanced vehicle maintenance, implementation of a no idling policy and the use of hybrid vehicles. As vehicles are replaced, choose more fuel-efficient vehicles for replacement vehicles. A 10% reduction in gasoline usage translates to an overall reduction in GHG emissions of 0.9%. A switch to flexible fuel vehicles may not result in a net decrease in GHG emissions, as the fuel efficiency of the engine is different for each fuel. In general, vehicles using E85 are less efficient than vehicles combusting gasoline. Replace 10% of the current electricity usage with electricity obtained from renewable sources such as solar, wind, or biomass. This would provide a 6.7% reduction in GHG emissions from baseline levels, if no other changes were made. Find vendor s information on all existing air conditioning and refrigeration units. Because specific information on the refrigerant charge was not available, the inventory has used the upper limit for that category of equipment. This resulted in GHG emissions of mt CO 2 -e. This value may be overestimated by two orders of magnitude. Improving the baseline inventory can increase the potential gains from implementing electrical energy and fuel efficiency measures. The balance of this report contains data to support the GHG emissions inventory and allow the to identify strategies to reduce GHG emissions. Attachment A of this document contains information on the distribution of energy consumption for City departments. Attachment B contains activity data used for the GHG inventory evaluation. Attachment C contains detailed information on GHG emissions associated with each individual building and facility owned by the City. In addition, Attachment D shows emissions associated with every individual vehicle and mobile equipment operated by the City. Attachment E identifies the emissions methodology used in estimating GHG emissions. Appendix F identifies data management practices to be implemented by the so that GHG inventories can be prepared. Attachment G is an inventory of mobile sources and activity data for calendar year

25 Attachment A Energy Analysis for Calendar Year 2009

26 Introduction The has prepared this GHG emission inventory to assist in meeting the goals of the energy strategy and sustainability plan. The energy strategy and sustainability plan goals are to: Create green jobs Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions while not affecting public services Reduce municipal energy consumption and operating costs Develop incentive-based sustainable land use policies and codes, and Become a sustainability leader and lead by example. The has already conducted energy audits of six municipal buildings to identify actions to reduce municipal energy consumption and operating costs. These identified actions will also result in a direct reduction of GHG emissions. To assist the City in identifying opportunities for reducing energy consumption and GHG emissions, an analysis of energy consumption of municipal operations has been completed as part of this inventory. This analysis of energy consumption will help the City develop an effective strategy to reduce energy consumption from municipal operations as well as to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Municipal operations use two main forms of energy electrical energy for cooling, lighting and powering of computers and other office equipment and fossil fuel combusted in vehicles, mobile equipment and emergency generators. Electricity is supplied to the city by Florida Power and Light (FPL). Fossil fuel used by the City includes gasoline and diesel fuel. Energy Usage Electrical data use was obtained from FPL for all electricity accounts with the City listed as account holder. Fuel usage in vehicles, and mobile equipment was obtained from the Fleet Manager. Fuel usage in emergency generators was estimated based on equipment operating hours. All data is for calendar year 2009 operations. A breakdown by department is: Electricity (kwh) Fossil Fuel (MMBtu) Fire Department 680,360 5,208 Police Department 1,308,940 22,869 Public Works* 2,682,154 17,878 Utilities Water Treatment and Distribution 6,792,988 4,891 Utilities Wastewater Treatment 5,196,436 4,471 Parks 1,309,618 2,892 City Administration & Other Office 2.450, *Includes street lighting and traffic signals. A-1

27 Total energy consumption for calendar 2009 was 20,420,601 kwh of electrical energy and MMBtu of fossil fuels. Electricity Consumption The largest electricity consumption is for water treatment and distribution, accounting for approximately 33.3% of the total electricity used in City operations. The next largest consumer of energy is for wastewater treatment at 25.5% of total electricity usage. A breakdown by department is shown in Figure A.1. Electricity Comsumption 6,792,988 5,196,436 2,682,154 2,450,106 1,308,940 1,309, ,360 Fire Public Works Wastewater City Administration Police Water Treatment & Distribution Parks Figure A1. Electricity Consumption by Department. Fuel Usage It is not surprising that the department that owns the majority of vehicles is the largest consumer of fuel. Fuel usage by the Police Department accounts for 38.7% of the total fuel energy usage during calendar year The Public Works Department is the next largest consumer, accounting for 30.3% of the total fuel used. Fuel usage by Department is shown in Figure A2. A-2

28 Fossil Fuel Comsumption 22,869 17,878 5,208 4,891 4,471 2, Fire Public Works Wastewater City Administration Police Water Treatment & Distribution Parks Figure A2. Fossil Fuel Consumption by Department. A-3

29 Attachment B Activity Data

30 Table B1. Activity Data by Facility Location Fire Department Facilities. Name Data Source Account Activity Data Units Address Number/Model Fire Station # Palm Bay Road NE FPL Electricity Use 129,298 kwh Honda Gasoline Combustion 4.7 hrs 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Generator C A (5 kw) Onan 35EKL LPG Combustion gallons 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Generator (35 kw) Goodman CK60-1AB -- oz. R Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner AC #23 Gold star LW-F1830CL 3,520 oz. R-410a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner AC #24 York H20B036806A -- oz. R Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner AC #25 Payne PH10JA036-C -- oz. R Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner AC #26 Unknown 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Unknown 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Frigidaire 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Frigidaire 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Frigidaire 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Frigidaire 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Frigidaire 17.6 oz. R-134a 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Kirkland Refrigerator (a) 17.6 oz. R-134a (a) Refrigerant charge information assumed to be worst-case value for equipment class. Values obtained from WRI/WBCSD, Calculating HFC and PFC Emissions from the Manufacturing, Installation, Operation and Disposal of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Equipment. (Version 1.0) Page B-1

31 Table B1 Continued. Activity Data by Facility Location Fire Department Facilities. Name Address Data Source Account Number/Model 2144 Palm Bay Road NE Refrigerator Fire Station #1 (continued) Fire Station #1- Supply 2144 Palm Bay Road NE 2144 Palm Bay Road NE 2144 Palm Bay Road NE 2148 Palm Bay Road NE Activity Data Units Kirkland Refrigerator (a) 17.6 oz. R-134a 17.6 oz. R-134a 17.6 oz. R-134a LG Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Whirlpool Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Ice-o-Matic 29 oz. R-404a Ice Machine ICE0400FA2 Ice Machine FPL Electricity Use 0 kwh Sign 2148 Palm Bay Road NE FPL Electricity Use 73,707 kwh FPL Electricity Use kwh 2148 Palm Bay Road NE Lighting Onan LPG Combustion 96.2 gallons 2148 Palm Bay Road NE Generator 15.0JC-3R/18661AA (15 kw) Goodman -- oz. R Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner PCC120-1F AC #15 Weatherking 3,520 oz. R-410a 2148 Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner DFH06451E20AA AC #16 Goodman -- oz. R Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner CK24-1B AC #17 Atlantig 3,520 oz. R-410a 2148 Palm Bay Road NE Air Conditioner AS09CA AC #18 Fire Station #2 150 Malabar Road NE FPL Electricity Use 80,356 kwh 150 Malabar Road NE FPL Electricity Use 3,450 kwh 150 Malabar Road NE Generator Onan 30.0SK-15R 9209 (30 kw) LPG Combustion 238 gallons (a) Refrigerant charge information assumed to be worst-case value for equipment class. Values obtained from WRI/WBCSD, Calculating HFC and PFC Emissions from the Manufacturing, Installation, Operation and Disposal of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Equipment. (Version 1.0) Page B-2

32 Table B1 Continued. Activity Data by Facility Location Fire Department Facilities. Name Address Data Source Account Activity Data Units Number/Model Fire Station #2 Byrant 661CJ048-E -- oz. R-22 (Continued) 150 Malabar Road NE Air Conditioner AC #30 Carrier -- oz. R Malabar Road NE Air Conditioner 52CQB315331AA AC #31 Goodman -- oz. R Malabar Road NE Air Conditioner CK36-1B AC #32 GE GTS-18GB 17.6 oz. R-134a 150 Malabar Road NE Refrigerator Refrigerator (a) Ice-O-Matic 13.0 oz. R-404a 150 Malabar Road NE Ice Machine ICEU150FA2 Ice Machine Fire Station #3 790 Jupiter Boulevard FPL Invoices Electricity Use 114,248 kwh 790 Jupiter Boulevard Generator Kohler 135ROZJ 9208 (135 kw) Diesel Combustion 29 hrs 790 Jupiter Boulevard System Design Septic System 1500 gallons Carrier 38TKB oz. R Jupiter Boulevard Air Conditioner AC #27 Carrier 38TKB oz. R Jupiter Boulevard Air Conditioner AC #28 Carrier 38TKB oz. R Jupiter Boulevard Air Conditioner AC #29 Hotpoint 17.6 oz. R-134a 790 Jupiter Boulevard Refrigerator HTH17CBTZRWW Refrigerator (a) GE 17.6 oz. R-134a 790 Jupiter Boulevard Refrigerator TBX14SA2CRWH Refrigerator (a) GE 17.6 oz. R-134a 790 Jupiter Boulevard Refrigerator TBX14SA2CRWH Refrigerator (a) Fire Station # San Filippo Drive SE FPL Electricity Use 96,089 kwh 1200 San Filippo Drive SE System Design Septic System 1500 gallons (a) Refrigerant charge information assumed to be worst-case value for equipment class. Values obtained from WRI/WBCSD, Calculating HFC and PFC Emissions from the Manufacturing, Installation, Operation and Disposal of Refrigeration & Air Conditioning Equipment. (Version 1.0) Page B-3