Promotion of Electric Vehicles in Hong Kong

Transcription

1 Promotion of Electric Vehicles in Hong Kong Professor C.C. Chan, FIEEE, FIET, FHKIE Academician, Chinese Academy of Engineering Fellow, Royal Academy of Engineering, U.K., President, World Electric Vehicles Association President, Electric Vehicle Association of Asia Pacific Steering Committee on the Promotion of Electric Vehicles February 10, 2010

2 2003: Artic ice free by : Artic ice free by 2013?

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4 Promotion of EV in Hong Kong Uniqueness: Asian s EV World City Biggest Priority: Solid and specific commitments from government & private sectors Most Important Next Step: Test bed for feasible EVs and Infrastructure

5 Success of EV/PHEV - Goodness Factor : Good Products; Good Infrastructure; Good Business Model

6 Good Products: High Reasonable Cost I: Integration & Optimization of Automotive & Electrical Technologies A: Alliance of OEM & Key Components Suppliers Powertrain Technology I+A Chasis& Body Technology Energy Storage Technology

7 Innovative EV/PHEV Business Model

8 By 2020, EVswould be about 7-12% of total volumes U n it S h ip men ts T h o us and s 2,400 2,000 1,600 1, Global Electric Vehicle Market (Sales): Scenario Analysis, Optimistic Scenario F&S Scenario Conservative Sceanrio Scenario's (% of total car sales) Optimistic Scenario 5,103 17,475 2,266,450 12% F&S Scenario 5,103 8,911 1,226,607 7% Conservative Scenario 5,103 7, ,953 4%

9 Market Breakdown By Region China and Japan to be biggest markets for EVsin Asia Pacific Electric Vehicle Market: Market Breakdown By Region (APAC), ,000 21% Japan China India Korea Australia Others NEVs CEVs PHEVs Others include Malaysia, Singapore 75% 4% 2015 NEV CEV erev/phev Neighbourhood Electric Vehicle City Electric Vehicles Extended Range/ Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicles Source: Frost & Sullivan

10 Automobile Revolution in New Century Energy: Efficient, Alternative Fuels. Environment: Minimal Emissions. Safety and Intelligent. Powertrain: Electrification and hybridization Control: New Control Theory and Algorithm, Computerization and Digitalization Future Vehicle: 4 wheels +computer

11 Fuel-and Powertrain Strategy

12 Vehicle Technology Assessment Zero emissions ~100% H 2 Fuel Cell Emission Reduction Today Fuel Economy Gain Hybrid Electric Vehicles Advanced Powertrains H2 ICE Hydrogen Infrastructure

13 Two Pathways for EV/HEV Technology Development Technical Road Map

14 Hybrid Engineering Philosophy: 1+1>2 HybridMule 骡 = Horse 马 (Mother) + Moke 驴 (Father) Mule is the hybrid of horse and moke, mule takes the best DNA of horse and moke, hence more powerful and endurance. HEV should have added value gained from the integration of engine propulsion and motor propulsion, fully sizes the intelligent electrical, electronic and control technologies

15 Hybridization and Fuel Efficiency Potential/ ICE Power Plug-in Smart Starter Electric Power Start-Stop Mild Hybrid Full Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid Plug-in Range Extender EV/ Electric Vehicle/ Functionality/ Engine startstop at idle Engine off on deceleration Mild regenerative braking Electric power assist Full regenerative braking Engine cycle optimization Electric launch Limited pure electric drive Engine downsize Plug-in rechargeable More electric drive during chargedepletion Reduced refueling Full-function electric drive Initial pure electric range Significantly reduced refueling Plug-in recharge only 100% pure electric range/100% No refueling FUEL ECONOMY +2-4% % % Cars % Trucks +100% in charge depletion/100% same as full hybrid afterward Electricity only in EV range/ 在 EV same as full hybrid afterward Electricity only

16 Philosophy of Engineering: Six Principles of Integrated System Design 1. Debate, define, revise and pursue the purpose/objective The system exists to deliver capability, the end justifies the means. The statement of a requirement must define how it is to be tested. Requirements reflect the constraints of technology & budgets. 2. Think holistic The whole is more than the sum of the parts and each part is more than a fraction of the whole 3. Be creative See the wood before the trees 4. Follow a disciplined procedure Divide and conquer, combine and rule 5. Take account of the people To err is human ; Ergonomics; Ethics & Trust 6. Manage the project and the relationships All for one, one for all

17 Motor : PM Motor or Induction Motor

18 Straight Type and V-Type V IPM Rotor

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20 Energy Sources Comparison Ultracapacitor Short-Period Energy Source Long Period Specific Power (W/kg) Electrochemical Batteries Flywheel Rechargeable Energy Source Non- Gasoline + ICE Fuel Cell Rechargeable Specific Energy (Wh/kg)

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22 Comparison of Various Batteries

23 Lithium-ion Battery Package

24 Battery Management System - Architecture

25 Rapid Charger

26 Vehicle Rapid Charge Connector

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29 Infrastructure and Power Requirements Parking Durations 14 hrs per day 2 hrs per day 7 hrs per day Charging Points 1 charging point per vehicle < 0.5 charging point per vehicle 1 charging point per vehicle Power & Charing time Requirements Low power and normal charging (e.g. 3kW, 10 hrs) High power and quick charging (e.g. 22 kw, 2 hrs) Low power and normal charging (e.g. 3kW, 7 hrs)

30 Rapid Charging Station / Distributed Energy

31 Electric Vehicles and Smart Grids Renewables Wind/ Solar Off Peak Exploring Customer Value From Plugging In Use low cost off-peak energy to charge vehicle Storing energy in advanced batteries - drive the wheels and occasionally power the house Storing energy on-site from wind/solar generation Finding new uses for generation capacity, at night, may help lower future electricity rates Night time energy use may help enable renewables Finding new uses for new batteries may help lower costs of future hybrid batteries Page 31 9/3/2009 Utility Data Management and Operations Advanced Lithium Batteries for Mobile and Stationary Uses Lower PHEV/BEV acquisition & Ownership Costs? Utility Value? Smart Appliances

32 E l E

33 Over 40 years, US spent around 200 billion in EVs Some 10,000 EVs, Some 10,000 E-Buses, Some 700,000 HEVs US DOE Electric & Hybrid Vehicles Program Vehicle and Systems Simulation and Testing Energy Storage R&D Transportation Complements hardware R&D activities through vehicle simulation and testing 68.3% Battery technology R&D for hybrid-electric and plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles Advanced Power Electronics and Electric Motors R&D R&D for electric and electronic devices needed for drivetrain electrification

34 Japan Experience: Alliance between OEM & Battery Manufacturer Toyota Panasonic Nissan Mitsubishi

35 Promotion of EV/HEV in China 20 Cities Each city over 1000 vehicles within 3 years Beijing Changchun Priority in public transportation Dalian Jinan Incentives from central and local governments Kunming Chongqing Wuhan Changzhu Tan Hefei Nanchang Shanghai Hangzhou Incubation of demand and market Shenzheng

36 Financial subsidy standard for Passenger cars and light duty vans(x10 thousand Yuan/ Vehicle ) Types of EV Oil Saving Rate BSG 10%-20% 20%-30% 30%-100% 5%-10% %-20% Hybrid 20%-30% %-40% % above 5.0 Pure Electric 100% 6.0 Fuel Cell 100% 25.0 Types of EV Oil Saving Rate Financial Incentives Financial subsidy standard for city buses with length over 10m(X10 thousand Yuan/ Vehicle) Lead acid battery With NiMH Lithium battery and UC MEPR 20%-50% MEPR over 50% 10%-20% 5 20 Hybrid 20%-30% %-40% % above Pure Electric 100% 50 Fuel Cell 100% 60 Note:Maximum electricity power ratio (MEPR) over 30% (passenger cars) and over 50% (buses) plug-in vehicles are included.

37 Singapore: Electric Vehicle TestbedProgram Technology, Resources Policies, Infrastructure New Concepts Prototype Living Laboratory Testing Export & sell solutions This program was launched in 2009 to provide an open platform for all auto manufacturers and technology companies to examine the infrastructure requirements of an EV system, to test the performance of EVsunder local road conditions and in the tropical environment, to identify related industry and R&D opportunities. $20million of government funding dedicated to the EV Test-Bed - $10mil for developing charging infrastructure - $10mil for developing EV technologies 37

38 SUCCESS SUCCESS

39 Inspiration nspiration 激情激情激情激情激情激情激情激情 Imagination magination 想像力想像力想像力想像力想像力想像力想像力想像力 Innovation nnovation 創新創新創新創新創新創新創新創新 Integration ntegration 集成 Implementation mplementation 實現實現實現實現實現實現實現實現 Investment nvestment 投資投資投資投資投資投資投資投資

40 Thank you!