Solar/Wind Hybrid Renewable Power Generators for Minnesota Rural Transportation Applications
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1 Solar/Wind Hybrid Renewable Power Generators for Minnesota Rural Transportation Applications Taek Kwon and Ryan Weidemann University of Minnesota-Duluth Ray Starr, Kevin Schmidt and Roger Sowder Minnesota Department of Transportation
2 Outline Introduction Renewable light pole Renewable power station for DMS Conclusion
3 Renewable Energy for Rural ITS The types of ITS technologies that could benefit: Traffic-activated advisory signs Advance warning signals/flashers for hazardous locations Variable message signs Road-weather condition detection systems Remote rural areas Lack of easily accessible power sources High cost of bringing electric utility Solar/wind generated power is independent of distance No monthly electric fees
4 Renewable Light Pole
5 Lighting at Night
6 Why Solar/Wind Hybrid? Complementing resources Lack of winds but more sunlight in summer Lack of sunlight but more winds on bad weather System Redundancy If PV breaks down, wind still generates power, or vice versa. Increased power and system reliability
7 November 18, 2006 Rainy, windy, and cloudy
8 December 31, 2006 Ice and snow storm
9 June 12, 2007 Sunny, calm, and no precipitation
10 June 19, 2007 Sunny, windy, and no precipitation
11 Summary of Daily Power Generation Using the NREL website for fall and spring Solar Energy Fall and Spring about 75% of Summer Wind Energy Fall and Spring about 50% of Winter
12 Purchased Component List
13 Summary Wind/Solar hybrid renewable system Complementing Many rural ITS applications could benefit Because power budget is independent of distance
14 Renewable Power Station for DMS: Project Tasks Analyze DMS power requirements Develop prototype renewable power station Design controller Install prototype unit at rural location Collect data and evaluate prototype system Develop design and procurement specs Final Report
15 ENTERPRISE Program A pooled-fund organization with member agencies in US, Canada, and Netherlands Support jointly-sponsored ITS projects of shared interest Provide test beds in a variety of environments and locations for emerging ITS technologies Identify common needs within the group and proceed with appropriate technical activities
16 ENTERPRISE Members Arizona Department of Transportation Colorado Department of Transportation Dutch Ministry of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Iowa Department of Transportation Kansas Department of Transportation Ministry of Transportation of Ontario Minnesota Department of Transportation Transport Canada Virginia Department of Transportation Washington State Department of Transportation
17 Rural Renewable Power Station Site Hwy 371 at 250 th St., south of Ft. Ripley, MN Rural location T intersection Power station in SE quadrant VMS in NW quadrant
18 Renewable Power Station Site
19 Project Location
20 Rural Renewable Power Station Site (Looking North)
21 Summer Solar Energy
22 Winter Wind Energy
23 Available Solar/Wind Energy Solar Radiation KWh/m 2 /day during the summer KWh/m 2 /day during the winter Wind Density Class 2 during the summer: W/m 2 Class 3 during the winter: W/m 2
24 VMS VMS Controller (COTS) (COTS) AC Inverter 120 VAC (COTS) System Overview Control Cabinet Battery Cabinet Data Logger Analyzer (Custom) 48 VDC Battery Bank (Assembled) Power Safety SW Turbine Controller (COTS) Solar Controller (COTS) Solar Panels Wind Turbine (COTS) (COTS) NOTES: COTS = Commercial Off the Shelf = Power Flow = Sensing
25 DMS Sign & Controller ADDCO Brick 3 Line x 12 Character 5x7 Pixels per Character, 8 LEDs per Pixel 80 Watts Idle 258 Watts on 35 bricks ON Amber Monochrome Roadside Mounted
26 DMS and Control Cabinet
27 Battery Bank 6V 220Ah AGM deep cycle batteries 32 batteries Total 42,240Wh Capacity Provide 7 days of power without charge for DMS Cabinet Custom designed Insulated and ventilated
28 Battery Bank
29 Solar Panel
30 Three Solar Panels 3 * 170W=510W Max Three panels in series connection Charge controller converts 23*3=69V to 48V
31 Solar Panel Controller OutBack MX60 Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) charge controller Standby power consumption: less than 1W Set to 48V charge system 60 Amp max current
32 Wind Turbine and Controller Whisper 200, Southwest Windpower 1,000W at 26mph
33 AC Inverter Outback VFX3638 Off-Grid Inverter 48V DC to 120AC/60Hz 3,600W Cont., 6,000W surge Idle power: 23W Reliable
34 Power Monitoring System TS-7260 Single Board Computer (SBC) manufactured by Technological Systems Large flash memory capable of storing more than 10 years of data Real-time clock for time-stamping of the data Measure currents using shunts A/D Converter PentaMetric manufactured by Bogart Engineering No memory 24/7 continuous monitoring
35 Power Monitoring System
36 Installation (1)
37 Installation (2)
38 Installation (3)
39 After Installation
40 Pole
41 Cost Description Qty Unit cost Extended Solar panel 3 $839 $2,517 Wind turbine w/ Controller 1 $2,521 $2,521 Battery 32 $187 $5,980 Mounting Pole 1 $5,786 $5,786 Inverter 1 $1,899 $1,899 Power data logger 1 $5,94 $5,94 Battery cabinet 1 $1,900 $1,900 Pole foundation 1 $5,270 $5,270 Misc cables, shunts $360 $360 Total $30,003
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46 Tests Signs 8 13 BUCKLE UP DRIVE WITH CARE SIGN TEST IN PROGRESS TEST 01 TEST ABCDEFGHIJKL MNOPQRSTUVWX 18 34
47 Sign Tests (7/2-8/21,08) 7/7 12:05pm 7/14 8:30am, 18 characters ON (132 hours) 7/15 8:30am 7/23 9:45am, 34 characters ON (193 hours) 8/7-8/20, 13 characters ON (312 hours) 8/21 high load test
48 Daily Power Data (7/2-8/21,08) Daily Avg Power State Ah /2/08 7/4/08 7/6/08 7/8/08 7/10/08 7/12/08 7/14/08 7/16/08 7/18/08 7/20/08 7/22/08 7/24/08 7/26/08 7/28/08 7/30/08 8/1/08 8/3/08 8/5/08 8/7/08 8/9/08 8/11/08 8/13/08 8/15/08 8/17/08 8/19/08 8/21/ Volt Solar Ah Wind Ah Inverter Ah Battery V
49 Monthly Power Generation/Consumption Data
50 Monthly Power Data Monthly Ah and Volts Amp Hours Volts Solar_Ah Wind_Ah Inverter_Ah Battery_V Aug- 07 Sep- 07 Oct- 07 Nov- 07 Dec- 07 Jan- 08 Feb- 08 Mar- 08 Apr- 08 May- 08 Jun- 08 Jul-08 Aug- 08
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59 Conclusion Wind/Solar hybrid renewable power station was successfully constructed and tested Solar/Wind combination is complementary and increases power reliability Higher capacity wind turbine, PV panels and battery banks can increase power reliability Higher capacity inverter was more reliable Large battery bank created an effect of water level on a large lake, i.e., voltage level changes little from the load or charge.
60 Questions? Dr. Taek Kwon Phone: (218)
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DULUTH MN Latitude = 46.83 N WMO No. 72745 Longitude = 92.18 W Elevation = 1417 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.43 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
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Design Criteria Data
OKLAHOMA CITY OK Latitude = 35.4 N WMO No. 72353 Longitude = 97.6 W Elevation = 133 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.62 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
MEDFORD/JACKSON CO. OR Latitude = 42.37 N WMO No. 72597 Longitude =122.8 W Elevation = 1329 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.61 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident
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Design Criteria Data
DES MOINES IA Latitude = 41.53 N WMO No. 72546 Longitude = 93.65 W Elevation = 965 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.96 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
LAS VEGAS/MCCARRAN NV Latitude = 36.8 N WMO No. 72386 Longitude =115.1 W Elevation = 2179 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 27.67 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
PHOENIX/SKY HARBOR AZ Latitude = 33.43 N WMO No. 72278 Longitude =112. W Elevation = 116 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.72 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
MINNEAPOLIS-ST PAUL MN Latitude = 44.88 N WMO No. 72658 Longitude = 93.22 W Elevation = 837 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.7 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
BURLINGTON VT Latitude = 44.47 N WMO No. 72617 Longitude = 73.15 W Elevation = 341 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.61 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
PIERRE SD Latitude = 44.38 N WMO No. 726686 Longitude =1.2 W Elevation = 1742 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.1 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
PHILADELPHIA PA Latitude = 39.88 N WMO No. 7248 Longitude = 75.25 W Elevation = 3 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.98 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
HONOLULU/OAHU HI Latitude = 21.35 N WMO No. 91182 Longitude =157.9 W Elevation = 16 feet Period of Record = 1967 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.96 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
INDIANAPOLIS IN Latitude = 39.73 N WMO No. 72438 Longitude = 86.27 W Elevation = 87 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.15 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
COLUMBIA SC Latitude = 33.95 N WMO No. 7231 Longitude = 81.12 W Elevation = 226 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.8 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
RAPID CITY SD Latitude = 44.5 N WMO No. 72662 Longitude =3. W Elevation = 3169 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 26.67 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
MACON/LEWIS WILSON GA Latitude = 32.7 N WMO No. 72217 Longitude = 83.65 W Elevation = 361 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.66 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
ANCHORAGE AK Latitude = 61.17 N WMO No. 7273 Longitude =15. W Elevation = 131 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.6 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
DENVER/STAPLETON CO Latitude = 39.75 N WMO No. 72469 Longitude =14.8 W Elevation = 5332 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1995 Average Pressure = 24.66 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
JACKSONVILLE FL Latitude = 3.5 N WMO No. 7226 Longitude = 81.7 W Elevation = 3 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 3.1 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
SPOKANE WA Latitude = 47.63 N WMO No. 72785 Longitude =117.5 W Elevation = 2366 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 27.5 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
DAYTON/JAMES M COX OH Latitude = 39.9 N WMO No. 72429 Longitude = 84.2 W Elevation = 14 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.95 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
LOUISVILLE/STANDIFORD KY Latitude = 38.18 N WMO No. 72423 Longitude = 85.73 W Elevation = 489 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.49 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident
Design Criteria Data
SPRINGFLD MO Latitude = 37.23 N WMO No. 7244 Longitude = 93.38 W Elevation = 127 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.66 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
BIRMINGHAM AL Latitude = 33.57 N WMO No. 72228 Longitude = 86.75 W Elevation = 63 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.36 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
BOSTON/LOGAN MA Latitude = 42.37 N WMO No. 7259 Longitude = 71.3 W Elevation = 3 feet Period of Record = 1967 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.95 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
MIDLAND TX Latitude = 31.95 N WMO No. 72265 Longitude =2. W Elevation = 2861 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 27.3 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average) Values
Design Criteria Data
WASHINGTON/DULLES VA Latitude = 38.95 N WMO No. 7243 Longitude = 77.45 W Elevation = 322 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.68 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
NEW YORK/JOHN F KENNEDY NY Latitude = 4.65 N WMO No. 74486 Longitude = 73.78 W Elevation = 23 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.98 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident
Design Criteria Data
LANDER/HUNT WY Latitude = 42.82 N WMO No. 72576 Longitude =18.7 W Elevation = 5558 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 24.44 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
ALBUQUERQUE NM Latitude = 35.5 N WMO No. 72365 Longitude =16.6 W Elevation = 5315 feet Period of Record = 1967 to 1996 Average Pressure = 24.72 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
MINOT AFB ND Latitude = 48.42 N WMO No. 727675 Longitude =11.3 W Elevation = 1667 feet Period of Record = 1967 to 1996 Average Pressure = 28.16 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
CHARLESTON/KANAWHA WV Latitude = 38.37 N WMO No. 72414 Longitude = 81.6 W Elevation = 981 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29. inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
CHICAGO/O HARE IL Latitude = 41.98 N WMO No. 7253 Longitude = 87.9 W Elevation = 673 feet Period of Record = 1967 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.27 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
Design Criteria Data
MADISON/DANE CO. RGNL WI Latitude = 43.13 N WMO No. 72641 Longitude = 89.33 W Elevation = 866 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 29.5 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident
Design Criteria Data
RENO/CANNON INTL NV Latitude = 39.5 N WMO No. 72488 Longitude =119.7 W Elevation = 44 feet Period of Record = 1973 to 1996 Average Pressure = 25.57 inches Hg Design Criteria Data Mean Coincident (Average)
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