"#$$%&'%(!)(#&$*+()!,-#..%&'%$!/&!)-%!01!
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- Juliana Small
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
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2 Influences on demand Various factors influence passenger transport demand: Population growth means that there is a greater number of people seeking to travel. The demographic composition of a population may change the type of transport that is in demand. Cycling, for instance, is typically more difficult for elderly people, while many young people do not hold drivers licenses. 11 Technological advancements cause new modes of transport to become dominant. The speed and carrying capacity of vehicles have increased through the ages. Industrialisation has made the production of transport facilities faster and cheaper. 12 Economic growth determines how much a country can spend on transport facilities. An increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has meant for a long time that the GDP per capita increased. In the UK, GDP per capita growth has consistently been accompanied by an increase in the number of cars per 1000 people. 13 Current and future demand The present UK transport system faces many challenges. People have different travel needs and can select between different modes of transport. As the population grows, problems emerge, affecting many travellers. At the same time, an increasingly globalised world requires that society facilitates local, national and international travel. Cars and Buses Roads are congested across the UK. As a result, the government plans to spend 28 billion on roads by Of this, only 10 billion will be used to repair existing roads. 15 Increased usage of major airports such as Heathrow and Gatwick will increase the pressure on nearby roads. To facilitate this, the government plans to widen the M Underground The London tube network currently transports up to 4,725 million passengers per day. 17 Transport for London (TfL) has projected that 30 to 40 per cent of additional scheduled trains will be necessary to meet the demands on London s transport system in the next two decades. 18 On average, tubes carry 3.5 per cent more passengers than they are designed for. 19 More tubes are thus already necessary, and this demand will only grow. Trains Table: GOV Since 1995, the number of passenger journeys has doubled to 1.6 billion in The Department of Travel (DfT) recorded an instance in which there were 1,278 passengers on a train designed to carry 738 people. 20 There have been calls for investment in new and longer trains for years. 21 In response, the government has presented plans to Passenger transport challenges in the UK 2
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7 an ever greater problem if the population size does not stabilise. Therefore, the government should promote population stabilisation policies as part of its transport improvement programme transport- timeline.pdf transport- timeline.pdf ploads/attachment_data/file/260700/road- transport- forecasts extended- version.pdf 12 ord.htm 13 ploads/attachment_data/file/260700/road- transport- forecasts extended- version.pdf 14 politics politics tfl/the- case- for- a- new- hub- airport 17 england- london migrate_files_destination/archives/final_overcrowdi ng_report.pdf 19 migrate_files_destination/archives/final_overcrowdi ng_report.pdf 20 news/2014/sep/10/10- most- crowded- uk- trains 21 news/2015/sep/09/government- names- overcrowded- train- journeys- rmt 22 politics politics tfl/the- case- for- a- new- hub- airport 25 =s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahuke wj7p7dclsdlahwjsbqkhxavacyqfgg0mae&url=http %3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fbriefing- papers%2fsn01136.pdf&usg=afqjcnfevd7rqygqeqy0 rzn_5_nmvlakla&sig2=d_zb6mznjq5rskrxeimxha 26 airport- 200m- expansion- gets- go- ahead- but- campaigners- say- it- will- create- ghettos- and- misery html 27 airport- 200m- expansion- gets- go- ahead- but- campaigners- say- it- will- create- ghettos- and- misery html tfl/the- case- for- a- new- hub- airport 34 tfl/the- case- for- a- new- hub- airport 35 house- price- index- uk- housing- supply- at- its- lowest- level- since- 1970s /brick- shortage- housebuilding- grows- fastest- rate congestion- to- cost- the- uk- economy- more- than billion- over- the- next- 16- years/ Frustrated_drivers_caught_in_A38_congestion/ 40 migrate_files_destination/archives/final_overcrowdi ng_report.pdf 41 _migrate_files_destination/archives/final_overcrowd ing_report.pdf 42 for- passengers/safety/on- train- crowding 43 tfl/the- case- for- a- new- hub- airport d- 24d b- 95c2574a4d76_Internalisation %20report%20(final).pdf Passenger transport challenges in the UK 7
8 d- 24d b- 95c2574a4d76_Internalisation %20report%20(final).pdf 46 tfl/the- case- for- a- new- hub- airport 47 airport- 200m- expansion- gets- go- ahead- but- campaigners- say- it- will- create- ghettos- and- misery html d- 24d b- 95c2574a4d76_Internalisation %20report%20(final).pdf 49 lace- road- expansion- greener- future 50 ve.wt.precedenthost.co.uk/files/the%20value%20of% 20Green%20Infrastructure%20in%20Birmingham%20a nd%20the%20black%20country%20- %20Executive%20Summary.pdf d- 24d b- 95c2574a4d76_Internalisation %20report%20(final).pdf 52 te_change/how_we_re_tackling_climate_change/our_ climate_work_in_the_uk/aviation_and_transport/ 53 ploads/attachment_data/file/260700/road- transport- forecasts extended- version.pdf 54 central.co.jp/company/ir/annualreport/_pdf/annualre port pdf 55 physics- green- city- traffic- smoothly.html 56 green- waves- of- copenhagen.html 57 expansion- plans- for- wildlife- haven- four- times- the- size- of- hyde- park- near- airport- a html 58 go- dutch Passenger transport challenges in the UK 8
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