Crystal Control Technology (CCT)

Transcription

1 Crystal Control Technology (CCT) Description of the Ffundamental Technology WaveTech conducts applied research for the development of products that alter molecular structures within liquids, thus having the capacity to prevent and / or dismantle crystals and crystal structures. The company specialises in the development of technologies for the targeted manipulation of crystallisation formations in fluid media (Crystal Control Technology ), hereby deriving advanced technology products for disruptive performance improvement of lead-acid batteries and other fluid decalcification systems. WaveTech has completed the development of its first technology product, the BEAT 0, and has subsequently developed a lower cost mass market product, the BEAT 50, which was successfully launched in Q4 20 and reaching the market in Q1 20. WaveTech s disruptive technology deploys static and dynamic electrical fields, and thus exploiting this emitted energy to prevent crystal growth by controlling the interaction between ions and charged conglomerates. The Company s technology is proven to prevent loss of delivery output power and extends the lifetime of lead-acid batteries. Crystal Control Technology The exploitation of these properties has led to a method for to increase the growth of new lead dioxide crystals on the positive electrode during the charging process, while reducing the growth of large lead sulphate crystals. Electro microscopic photos from the WaveTech Research & Development Department show how crystal control inhibits the aging process of the battery: a) New PbO2 electrode without lead sulphate crystals. b) Destroyed PbO2 electrode coated with lead sulphate crystals, deposits of which have led to physically irreversible damage. c) Charged PbO2 electrode, untreated. d) In comparison, the PbO2 electrode treated with CCT has a more homogeneous and compact structure. 1

2 The application of CCT utilises an electrodynamics manipulation of the electrochemical processes during the charging and discharging of a lead-acid battery. Through the influence of specially modulated high-frequency electric fields, extra energy is applied specifically to the ions so that the undesirable accretions of larger lead sulphate crystals (large = difficult to break down) are slowed considerably and the growth of lead dioxide crystals is increased during charging. The results are increased battery life span and improved capacity. The battery is more efficient and dependable; it seems to be mechanically stronger and better withstands unfavorable treatment. The benefits of using WaveTech s technology are: 1) Batteries do not have to be charged as often as batteries that have not been treated with WaveTech technology (300% more capacity measured at the end of the lifespan of the battery). 2) Batteries do not have to be replaced as often as batteries that have not been treated with WaveTech technology (0% and more increased lifespan). Technology products for lead-acid batteries BEAT 0 WaveTech has developed the company s first marketable product, the BEAT 0, for standard V lead-acid battery applications (36Ah to 200 Ah), and for typical use in electric scooters and wheelchairs, electric lifts/work platforms, smaller forklift trucks, electric traffic lights/systems and smaller electrical vehicles. The BEAT 0 is an accessory unit attachable to the battery terminals. The device is equipped with a microprocessor that automatically generates and modulates the electric field in order to optimise the service life of the battery. BEAT 0 mounted on a standard V lead-acid battery BEAT 0 mounted on a electrical scooter 2

3 BEAT 50 A low-cost version of the BEAT 0 (same technology function) for standard V lead-acid battery applications is typically used in trucks and busses, boats, golf carts, tractors, agricultural machines and more; at the same time BEAT 50 is pricewise more suitable for OEM s and distributors. Product test Summary of test results Crystal Control Technology benefits on new or newer batteries Results from Sintef Materials and Chemistry, Trondheim Norway, see Report WT SF, Sintef 2 : - The electrodes. SEM analyses shows that the CCT charged electrodes have a more homogeneous structure and composition than the standard charged electrodes, showing that the reaction sites for the electrode reactions are clearly more uniformly distributed than for the standard charged electrodes. The CCT charging contributes to increase the number of reaction sites, and make a more homogeneous electrode structure. The homogeneous structure is beneficial to overcome mass transfer limiting processes. - Shorter charge time. The time consumption for complete charging is lower, approximately 23%. - More capacity. The average time used for discharging the battery to voltages lower than.2v is also higher for the CCT charged battery (5.9 hours) compared to the standard battery (5 h), an improvement of approximately 19%. 3

4 - Treated batteries reach a higher voltage after charge and each charge cycle is more equal, the battery acts more homogenously through each charge cycle with less distribution/variation for CCT treated battery compared to untreated battery Charge 1 Charge 2 Charge 3 Charge 4 Charge 5 Charge 7 Charge 8 Charge 9 Charge Pulse charge 1 Pulse charge 2 Pulse charge 3 Pulse charge 4 Pulse charge 5 Pulse charge 6 Pulse charge 7 Pulse charge 9 Pulse charge Figure 1. Charging curves for standard charged lead-acid battery showing the battery voltage as a as a function of time Figure 2. Charging curves for pulse charged lead-acid battery showing the battery voltage as a function of time Discharge 1 9 Discharge 2 Discharge 3 Discharge 4 8 Discharge 5 Discharge 6 Discharge 7 7 Discharge 8 Discharge 9 ".2 V" Figure 3. Discharge of lead-acid battery which is standard charged as a function of time. Curve 5 is related to bad electric contact, and might be disregarded. Discharge 1 9 Discharge 2 Discharge 3 Discharge 4 8 Discharge 5 Discharge 6 Discharge 7 7 Discharge 8 Discharge 9 ".2 Volt" Figure 4. Discharge curves for pulse charged lead-acid battery as a function of time. Curve 8 is related to bad electric contact, and might be disregarded. Crystal Control Technology benefits during the first aging phase of battery (the first 35%) Results from a major Asian car manufacturer s own test program: - Uniformity. Batteries with BEAT unit exhibited uniformity in battery terminal voltages during charging voltage and not much variation of terminal voltage between batteries is observed. - Batteries with BEAT units exhibited storage capacity of coulombs (average value), and batteries without BEAT units exhibited storage of coulombs (average value), an improvement of approx. 25% more capacity for treated batteries. 4

5 Crystal Control Technology benefits over the entire lifespan of the battery Results from Mira Ltd, Birmingham England Independent Verification Test of Puls-R V, (private labelling of BEAT50): - Discharge. At the 0 th charge/discharge cycle the untreated batteries took approximately 16 minutes to discharge, whereas the treated batteries took approximately 29 minutes. The final discharge duration of the treated batteries is equal to 66% of the initial capacity, and the duration of the untreated batteries is equal to 34% of the initial capacity. That gives approximately 94% longer usage/more capacity for the treated batteries. - Less charge needed. Capacity difference versus current consumption. Treated batteries therefore receive 0.3Ah less direct charge, with 20% less received charge over 0 cycles, and still deliver 94% more capacity. - Increased lifespan. Untreated reaches 65% rest capacity after approximately 41 cycles, the treated after 0+ cycles, this shows an improvement of approximately 4 %. Batteries are often scrapped when 65% rest capacity is reached. Measured over 0 cycles, treated batteries lose 0.35% capacity per charge/discharge cycles, untreated batteries loses only 0.85% capacity per cycle. 5

6 Crystal Control Technology over the entire lifespan of the battery Results from WaveTech A/S research laboratory. See report 8.2._04_18_8 1 CCT Battery measuring procedures and results M9 : - Lifespan increase. CCT treated batteries reach a 50% capacity reduction after approximately 0 charging cycles, untreated after approximately 58 charging cycles. That gives an improved lifespan of approximately 72.5%. - Capacity increase. Rest capacity is calculated by measuring the discharge (load 2.35 Ohm) time (H) for fully charged batteries to be discharged down to,5v. This time (age) is approximately proportional to the rest capacity (Ah). CCT treated batteries will last for approx. 6 hours before reaching,5v when being discharged, compared to less than two hours for untreated batteries. That gives approximately a factor of 3,2 higher rest capacity (Ah) by using the CCT treated battery. Energy dissipated in the discharge phase (down to 8,5V) is in the range of 0, 4 0,5KWh. 6

7 Crystal Control Technology Recovery of dead batteries. See report 8.2._04_18_8 1 CCT Battery measuring procedures and results M9 : - Most aged batteries are recoverable (70 %). - The average capacity of seven aged batteries has increased from 66.7 % to 81.2 %, resulting in an average capacity increase of 21.7 %. 7