JRC. From PV Systems to Energy Solutions. «From PV Systems to Energy Solutions» From PV Systems

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1 8th uropean hotovoltaic Solar nergy Conference and xhibition U VSC 0: Session 5D. V Systems Thursday, October 0 aris/france From V Systems to nergy Solutions JRC Thomas Nordmann CO TNC Consulting A 8706 Feldmeilen/Switzerland nordmann@tnc.ch TNC stands for: Solar ower and uilding fficiency Our themes for more than 6 years Development and Implementation 989 first hotovoltaic system on a highway noise barrier (F &D) 996 developing the world s first solar power exchange model for the ewz, lektrizitätswerk der Stadt Zürich Using bifacial technology (two-sided solar cells) as a noise barrier alongside roads 994 and rail track 008 (uropean patent) 997/999 responsible for the process development and implementation of the first national building renovation program by the Swiss federal government as part of nergy 000 strategy. Implementation of the Swiss national building renovation program Das ebäudeprogramm for 6 States (Kantone) io. 0/a Activity leader IA VS Task erformance & Reliability of V Systems reliminary Remark: This is not a bouquet of astonishing IV buildings which are implemented with 0.5% V market share! This presentation is not a report of recent TNC project. Here are some considerations reflecting my 40 years of experience in solar power (V and thermal), housing technology and building efficiency. I will make here my own proposal for the possible steps of the V community and the industry to help improve energy and ecological wise the existing building stock in urope. From V Systems to nergy Solutions ) «From V Systems to nergy Solutions» Agenda What makes hotovoltaic in buildings so important? Why do we need a joint uropean plan to allow high V penetration in the power grid? How do we emerge from lower cost V [ /kwh] market to a nergy Solution rovider? Why ower to heat, ower to storage and power to wheel? Seven Conclusions m

2 What makes hotovoltaic in buildings so important? Why should we start with the existing building stock? U uildings 5% of power, 6% CO emission! uildings allows longterm investments 5+ years. Credible owners have access to low interest capital. Domestic buildings pay high electricity rates. The thermal and electrical improvement of uropean domestic building-stock is 00bn long-lasting decentralized market. V modules are an important, but small part of the total investment. A important challenge: how can the owner (legally) share the cost with the renting party? How do we develop from cost driven V market [ /kwh] to a four dimensions nergy Solution rovider? lectrical & Thermal fficiency 08) lectro obility clever V Smart rid connection m lectrical fficiency in buildings Thermal fficiency in existing buildings CFL 00 LD 0 00 W CFL 8 W LD 0.5 W < 50 kwhl/m RA < 5 l/m RA [fuel oil] RA = nergy Reference Area [m ]

3 lectrical & Thermal fficiency in new buildings lectrical & Thermal fficiency assive house, inergie + Appliance AAA+ Install: ullover < 50 kwh/m RA First really Zero-nergy Office-uilding Switzerland INRI --CO-certified - healthy work wood construction roof-integrated V nergy lobe Award Switzerland 008 uropean Award for building-integrated solar energy technology 008 Architecture assive house, inergie+ Clever V Clever V 00% of annual electrical demand 0 kwp > kwh annual <0% electrical demand 0 kwp of IV in the College of Zürich Stadelhofen, Swiss Solar rice 999 V ark School Campus rlenbach, Switzerland 9 kwp 009

4 Clever V> 00% Annual electrical demand incl. -W module noon Clever V > 00% annual electrical demand plus O-W module lay out 0 Reto iloni north roof-module fill factor = 0 50 % yield = 00% south east west west east roof-module fill factor = 00 % yield = 90% Clever V s Smart rid connected Inverter with grid services < annual 50% electrical demand annual 00% electrical demand s 50. Hz! Inverter with grid services are already mandatory in some member states with high V penetration (i.e. ermany, Italy). W > 00% annual electrical demand incl. -W module lay out

5 Smart rid connected ower to heat time shift of + h h Smart rid connected Hot Water TV, Audio & C Hot Water Refrigerator Laundry, Dryer, Dishwasher Cooking Lighting Others 5 % 7 % ~ 45 % Local battery storage > 5% daily demand shift for 4h Refrigerator % 5 kwp 65ºC Laundry 7. kwh 5% - 8ºC 7% Yield kwh 7. kwh attery Smart rid connected Inverter with grid services electric-drive lectro-obiles you can buy today 5 kwh/00km.7 litre gasoline/00 km people range 45 km/charge ower 55 kw/75 S Weight 995 kg attery 7.6 kwh Li-Ion Rent /month 7.- Secured battery capacity up to 0 years rice: ower to heat Time shift ± h -h Renault Fluence Z.. Tesla S 4 kwh/00km.6 litre gasoline/00 km 5 people range 85 km/charge ower 70 kw/95 S Weight `60 kg kwh battery Li-n, O Rent /month 78.- Secured battery capacity up to 0 years rice: >5% /day Local battery storage Tesla S 5 kwh/00 km.7 litre gasoline/00 km 5 people range 75 km/charge ower 5 kw/0 S Weight 00 kg Li-Ion battery 60 kwh 8 years and/or km warranty rice:

6 Where do you charge your lectro-obile? 5 kwh/00 km 000 kwh/0 000 km Charging η > 80% You need a V installation with - 4 kwp Cost now you have a full tank for next 5 years! 4-5 kw kwh/jahr i-port i-port infinite power infinite power IV 4 lectro obility uy your electromobile today! Charge your car battery storage (5-60 kwh) and double your V Installation iloni Solar A Double your V self consumption (V) self-consumption makes good technical and economical sense. ower demand ø pers. household (ermany) ~500 kwh TV, Audio & C Refrigerator Hot Water Laundry, Dryer, Dishwasher Cooking Lighting Others lectro moblity IV ø Two pers. household (ermany) ~ 500 kwh TV, Audio & C Refrigerator Hot Water Laundry, Dryer, Dishwasher Cooking Lighting Others rid applicable lectro moblity rid applicable mobility V roduction Renewable roduction Consumption/Demand IV Today Refrigerator Hot Water Laundry Dryer Dishwasher Today fficiency impact Refrigerator Hot Water Laundry Dryer Dishwasher Appliance AAA+ -0% -90% - approx. 5 % fficiency V 4 kwp + electro mobility 0 '000 '000 '000 4'000 5'000 6' km/a corresponds approx. to 000 kwh/a + el. mobility -6'000-5'000-4'000 -'000 -'000 -'000 0 '000 '000 '000 4'000 5'000 6' kW 8 kwp V km/a 000 kwh/a

7 V self-consumption makes good technical & economical sense Ø Two pers. household (ermany) ~ 500 kwh Domestic obility TV, Audio & C Refrigerator Hot Water Laundry, Dryer, Dishwasher Cooking Lighting Others rid applicable lectro moblity rid applicable mobility V roduction roduction V 4 kwp + V 4 kwp Renewable roduction Consumption/Demand alance: roduction h -5% Demand Direct supply Thermal storage attery storage rid interaction time equality 0% power to heat 45% power to storage 0% rid interaction 5% rid claimable Summer!Winter 55% rid claimable Summer!Winter attery storage 8 kwh «power to wheel» Today fficiency 500 kwh 00% rid feed rid claimable Summer Winter V 4 kwp rid claimable Summer Winter -5% 00 kwh Demand Consumer Residential buildings lectro obil + el. mobility 45% 600 kwh V 8 kwp 55% km/a 000 kwh/a -6'000-5'000-4'000 -'000 -'000 -'000 0 '000 '000 '000 4'000 5'000 6'000 hotovoltaic Storage Systems in the grid xtra High Voltage (0/80 kv) High Voltage (50-50 kv) edium Voltage (0-5kV) Low Voltage (< kv) Centralized ower lant large Windpark Small Windpark small V plants roduction Hydro Storage Consumer Storage lant month Large V lant Thermal storage ump Storage 4h -5% attery storage Li-Ion h -5% -6% -6% -% Heavy Industry Industry Residential buildings Offshore Windpark assive house, inergie + lectro Appliance AAA+ -0% % < 50 kwhl/m RA obility Your four dimensions nergy Solution rovider lectrical & Thermal fficiency uy your lectromobile today Charge your lectromobile with V Double your V self consumption clever V Annual 50% electrical demand Annual 00% electrical demand > 00% Annual electrical demand + -W module lay out Smart rid connected «power to heat» «power to storage» Inverter with smart grid services «power to heat» time shift h -h > 5 % /day battery storage IV

8 Conclusions I Conclusions II onday We need V when retrofitting the U building stock. V offers attractive solutions and processes to improve energy solutions for buildings and allows almost CO free individual mobility. Tuesday Successful energy solutions have to address the thermal and the electrical efficiency. Thursday With market share of 5% 0% of V, the challenge is to provide smart grid connections of sustainable V houses. V self-consumption makes good technical and good economical sense. can nhance it by power to heat and power storage. Inverters are able to provide further grid services. Wednesday For clever V in buildings we aim to distribute V uniformly over 6 hours by orienting modules east and west with marginal losses in yield. Thanks to the economical progress and self consumption we can use V systems, which produce 00% and more of the annual electrical demand. Friday uy your electromobile today and charge it with V ower to wheel km/a means additional 4-5 kwp of V with high self consumption. rid claimable services are in the same range as conventional buildings. Conclusions III Saturday The main challenge: we need a joint uropean plan to allow high V penetration in the power grid. The presented index may help develop such a common plan. Sunday hotovoltaic is part of the solution, and not a problem! To keep V attractive, we have to start developing todays V systems into integrated parts of the energy solution. Sustainable energy buildings with mobility can be a part of this solution. DF any thank`s to the TNC V Team Thomas Vontobel Ralph Lingel Stephanie Fehling Q & A TNC 00