Charging scheme in city centre (AREA C) and other strategies in Milan

Transcription

1 Charging scheme in city centre (AREA C) and other strategies in Milan Barcelona May 31, 2017

2 Levels of environmental criticality Averages PM10 annual decrease in concentrations Average decrease of about 1.4 mg/m3 per year The law limit has been respected during the recent years MEDIUM CONCENTRATION OF PM10

3 Levels of environmental criticality MEDIUM CONCENTRATION OF PM2.5 The Annual Limit Value for Human Health Protection is 25µg/m 3 + Tolerance Limit (TL), in use from 11/06/08 ( Tolerance=0 from 01/01/2015), Phase 1, is 20 mg/m 3 + Tolerance Limit (TL), in use from 01/01/2016 (Tolerance=0 from 01/01/2020), Phase 2. Guidelines WHO for Human Health Protection is 10 µg/m 3 Average annual PM2.5 concentrations in decline (though more slowly than PM10) For this pollutant the legal limit (20 mg / m3) or the suggested value by the WHO Guidelines for the Human Health Protection (10 mg / m3) is not always respected.

4 Levels of environmental criticality EMISSIONS IN THE ATMOSPHERE (2015) TREND OF THE NUMBER OF EXEEDANCES OF PM10 CO2 NOX PM kton/anno Ton/anno 209 Ton/anno PM10 has declined since 2002, by the number of Daily Value Limits exceeded, however, the legal limit (35 exceeds a year) has never been respected. It is estimated that the annual average concentrations of PM10 should drop below 25 mg/m3, in order to meet this limit in the typical weather conditions of Milan.

5 Milan s Mobility Figures Inhabitants Milan city: ~ 1.3 M 180 km 2, ~ 7300 inh/km 2 Inhabitants Metro area: ~ 3.2 M 1570 km 2, ~ 2000 inh/km 2 Daily city users: ~ 1 M Motorization Rate: 50,5 cars per 100 inhabitants Overall Mobility (trips/day, 2013): Trips in Milan: (56%) Trips between Milan and the metropolitan area: (44%)

6 Milan s Mobility Figures Registered Cars Cars/1000 Inhabitants Milan Madrid Barcelona Munich Hamburg London Berlin Paris Registered Cars /1000 inh Registered Cars TAXI ~ taxis in Milan, hibrid (52%) Milan and Airport area taxis

7 Milan s Mobility Figures Milano Italy Italia Italy OWNED CARS IN MILAN and IN ITALY Milan Italy Milan

8 Milan s Mobility Figures Urban Public Transport Passengers and Urban Area Index 100 Year Base 2003 TREND PASSENGERS OF PUBBLIC TRANSPORT SERVICE DURING LAST 10/15 YEARS

9 Milan s Mobility Figures: public transportation local Suburban Lines Subway Lines Tram Filobus Bus 12 linee 599 km 4 linee 180 km 18 linee 323 km 4 linee 77 km 117 linee 2106 km

10 Milan s Mobility Figures: BATTERIES OF USE

11 Milan commitment for Climate Based on a global level, The City of Milan is member of C40, a network of cities committed to addressing climate change. C40 offers cities an effective forum where they can collaborate, share knowledge and drive meaningful, measurable and sustainable action on climate change. Acting both locally and collaboratively, C40 cities are having a meaningful global impact in reducing both greenhouse gas emissions and climate risks. Milan is also a signatory of the Compact of Mayors since Compact s member cities are committed within three years from the adhesion to set a GHG emission reduction target and to elaborate a mitigation plan and an adaptation strategy. Milan is also a member of the Covenant of Mayors. As a member of the Covenant of Mayors Milan committed to reduce CO2 emissions on its territory by at least 20% by 2020 and to elaborate and to implement a Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP) a plan where action and policies aimed at reducing CO2 emissions are defined. In the following Milan SEAP is illustrated in brief.

12 The Sustainable Energy Action Plan of the City of Milan The Energy Policiesof the City of Milan are designedwithinits SustainableEnergy Action Plan (SEAP) Proposal. Asa memberof the Covenantof MayorsMilan committedto elaborate and implementa SEAP, a plan where action and policies aimed at reducing CO2 emissions are defined As the SEAP represents the Plan where energy policies are defined, it represent as well Milan Energy Plan (national legislation establishes that municipality with more than 50,000 inhab have an anergy plan) Target by 2020: 20% CO2 emissions reduction by 2020 with reference to 2005 and to 2050 defining further actions in these perspective.

13 Additional targets of the SEAP BesidesCO 2 emissionsreduction thereare additionaltargets: Energy saving in final uses, in the residential, tertiary and trasport sectors Diversifying sources of energy supply, with a focus on renewable energy sources Giving a contribution to air pollution reduction policies Informing citizens about energy saving and environmental sustainability in order to increase the general level of awareness Creating the conditions to enable the development of the energy efficiency market in the building sector

14 Energy use in Milan 2013 Final energy consumption per sector Final energy consumption per vector 24% 0,5% 15% Buildings (residential, tertiary and industry) 61% Public Lighting Tertiary sector and industry Transport 16% 5% 3% 1% 46% 29% Electricty Natural Gas Diesel Oil Gasoline Hot Fluid (district heating) Other Total final energy consumption: 23,9 TWh: - Total electricity consumption: 6,8 TWh - Total fuel consumption: 17 TWh ( MTOE) - Total heat consumption (DH): 0.64 TWh

15 CO2 emissions in Milan 2005: 7418 ktco 2 (*) 5,7 tco 2 /inhab 2013: 6948 ktco 2 (*) 5,1 tco 2 /inhab 16% 14% 49% 49% 34% 36% 1% 1% (*) For this estimations the same emission factor (referred to year 2005) was used for 2005 and 2013, in order to evaluate the effect of municipal action (independently from the national power mix evolution), in coherence with the prescriptions of the Covenant Guidelines. Using an updated emission factor (referred to year 2013) to estimate emissions in2013,totalemissionestimationforyear2013wouldbe5977ktco 2 (4,4tCO2/inhab).

16 BAU Scenario and CO2 emission reduction target Sector 2005 (Kt/year) BAU-2020 (Kt/year) Var% Buildings (residential, tertiary and industry) % Public Lighting % Industry/Tertiary % Transport % Total % Target vs % Target vs BAU %

17 SEAP: intervention sectors The measures in place and included in the SEAP cover the different sectors where the Administration can act: Public sector(buildings and electricity) Public lighting Private sector (residential and tertiary) Mobility and Transport Renewable energy sources District Heating and Waste management Most of the measures have a benefit also in terms of less energy consumption and less emissions of other local air pollutants. The target in figures: in 2005 CO 2 emissions in Milan were 7418 Kton, this means a 2020 reduction target of 1484 Kton.

18 SEAP target How Milan is planning to achieve its target? Target contribution per sector The SEAP sets, describes and accounts in details Milano s Actions to reduce global emissions, including measures that are already in place and additional measures essential to achieve the 2020 (and futures) target.

19 SEAP fields of action Public Buildings Fuel and electrity use in municipal buildings (schools, offices, facilities and residential buildings) Private buildings, tertiary sector and industry Fuel and electricity use in private buildings (residential and non residential) Public lighting Street lighting and traffic lights system Renewable energy sources Energy production from renewable energy sources (solar, geothermal, aerothermal) Mobility Public and private transport Waste Urban wastemanagement and treatment

20 SEAP: Private buildings. The new Building Code The new building code sets minimum compulsory energy performance requirements for new buildings. Incentives are provided for new and retrofitted buildings respecting specific parameters concerning energy performance and sustainability. Incentives are provided in terms of additional authorized building volume Besides the building code, energy efficiency in buildings is fostered also by providing a reduction of infrastructure charges for new and retrofitted buildings that respect specific criteria regarding energy performance and renewable energy use

21 SEAP: Energy Help desks and awareness raising Energy Help Desk (sportello energia ) experts are available in fixed days in 9 institutional locations, in the different districts of the city, to provide citizens information concerning: available incentives and financing sources for building energy retrofit and renewable energy use building energy performance assessment and advices on feasible retrofit interventions maintenance and management of heating plants

22 SEAP: District Heating Currently about the 5% of energy demand for building heating is supplied by district heating. The heat is generated by: the waste to energy plant, three cogeneration plants, groundwater heat pumps (associated to two of the cogeneration plants), boilers (only for small local networks and as an integration to big cogeneration). Currently there are separated networks serving different areas of the city, the extension of the district heating service and the creation of a unique network falls within the plans of the City Administration. Waste to energy plant Silla 2

23 SEAP: District Heating Planned development of the district heating service by the Milano Energy utility A2A

24 SEAP: Pubblic buildings The energy service contract of the non residential public buildings promotes energy efficiency interventions, to be implemented by the provider within the duration of the contract (16 April April 2020). The contractual guaranteed energy saving is 1879 TOE (Tons of Oil Equivalent)

25 SEAP: Energy Procurement, Renewable sources The Administration is currently purchasing green electricity for its buildings: offices, schools, museums, health care structures, local police stations, for a total electricity consumption of about 94 GWh and it s going to apply the same conditions in the next call. The Contractor, upon request of the Administration, will be obliged to prove, with appropriate documentation, the production of a quantity of Green Energy for an amount not lower than the total consumption turnover.

26 SEAP: Waste management 54% waste separate collection rate in January 2015 Separate waste collection Door to door collection of: -glass - plastic and light metals -paper -biowaste(for households it started in 2012 and was progressively extended to the whole city) The residual fraction is incinerated in a waste to energy plant, connected to the district heating network, that provides heat to about families (150 Mwh in 2013) and electricity to about families (398 MWh in 2013)

27 SEAP: Public lighting LED retrofit Milan, like Los Angeles, Copenhagen, Oslo and Stockholm, has chosen LEDtechnology for public lighting. The municipal plan for public lighting retrofit, includes various actions. The most important is the complete substitution of existing lights with LED lightsbytheend ofaugust In Milan there are approximately lights (84% street lighting, 13% in green areas and 1% architectural lighting). The 80% of the substitutions will take place by May 1, 2015, the initial date of Expo 2015.

28 SEAP: Public lighting LED retrofit - expected results The expected benefits of the implementation of the Plan are: - 52% reduction in electricity consumption (from114 MillionKWhto55MillionKWh) - reduction of CO2 emissions: Tons /year - 31% reduction in expenditure for electricity and management(maintenance included) Other co-benefits are: a lower dispersion of the light beam, thus less light pollution a higher duration of the lamps (so reduced replacement needs, reduced waste and less failures) a reduction of 9 tons/year of waste, besides the fact the LED lamps compared to other kind of lamps, do not contain hazardous substances, such as mercury.

29 SEAP: Air Quality Monitoring Network in the City of Milan Zone A Zone B Zone C1 Zone C2 Zone D Level under Limit Value Limit Value or Information Level exceeded Alarm Value exceeded 8 monitoring sites managed by ARPA Lombardia (Lombardy Region Environmental Protection Agency) Pollutants monitored: SO2, NO2, CO, O3, Benzene, PM10, PM 2.5

30 SEAP: Air quality monitoring: website

31 Mobility Measure/Action CO2 emission reduction kton Saved energy MWh Designed actions (SUMP Reference Scenario) % of the total target Public transport improvement in Milan and in the Metropolitan Area Cycle and pedestrian mobility People and freight transport demand side management Sharing mobility SUMP (additional measures) Public transport improvement in Milan and in the metropolitan area Cycle and pedestrian mobility People and freight transport demand side management Sharing mobility Measures dedicated to freight transport Development of electric mobility TOTAL % Consolidato Steady Ulteriore Further 54%

32 Future perspectives new commitments for 2030 According with the target set at the European level Milan is going to make a further step by signingthe Covenant of Mayors for Climateand Energy. With the adhesion to the new Covenant Milan will be committed to reduce its CO2 emissions at least by 40% by 2030 and to adopt an adaptation strategy (this is also coherent with the commitments deriving from the adhesion to the Compact of Mayors) In order to achieve this new target Milan will have to accelerate and strengthen its action in the following fields: Energy retrofit of buildings, in a vision targeted at deep retrofit of entire building blocks and at renovation planning at the district level Further development of the district heating service, taking into consideration the potential extension of the grid over the city borders A mobility strategy for 2030 that could further develope the measures included in Milan s Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan New Smart Cities Projects

33 SEAP: MOBILITY Enhancement, efficiency and redevelopment of public transport of large areas and urban areas Enhancement of «Passante ferroviario», new stops on existing lines and on the node, integration beetwen public/private coaches and buses, trams and trains into the interchange nodes. Enhancements and redevelopment on Subway lines (M1, M4, M5) and trams (metrotranvia Desio-Seregno; line 15) Works on people demand and goods Completion about regulation areas and parking pricing level and confirmation about actual arrangement on AREA C Works on mobility(cycling and pedestrian) Carrying out on zone 30 from PGTU, Carrying out on new routes and cycling infrastructure; Growth of Bike sharing till 283 stations and 4650 bicycle. Shared and innovative Mobility service growth Car sharing Service actually active (GuidaMi, E-vai, one-way/free parking service) Electric City Movers Digital Island

34 SEAP: MOBILITY other scenario - Interventions for cycling and pedestrian mobility ('zero risk' view) Road network hierarchy, with a speed extension to 30 km / h on local roads Cycling routes system organized in a hierarchical structure Bike Sharing extension to cover the City

35 SEAP: MOBILITY other scenario - The target to 2020 of the PAES is 50,000 electric/hidrid vehicles circulating in the Metropolitan Area (PUMS estimates, without strong incentives at national and regional level). PUMS Actionsto support the development of electric mobility New infrastructure for the electric charge, public and private, to reach, at 2020, kind of charging point, located in strategical places of the Metropolitan City Incentive for the development of recharge on private areas Experimentation with electric mobility into the companies Further development of shared systems with electric/hybrid vehicles Encouraging actions for the purchase of rechargeable hybrid taxis Development of experimental systems of urban distribution of goods involving the use of electrical means S i N o

36 SEAP: MOBILITY other scenario - Electric Mobility Area Smart mobility and mobility demand Shared mobility services and innovation Car sharing e scooter sharing Electric Mobility Goods Urban Logistic City logistics Access rule: control system and loading/unloading management Project, controls and tracking of dangerous goods Pilot Project Integrates System for management and transport of goods Distribution centre of urban goods

37 Milan Pollution Charge ECOPASS The Ecopass program was a traffic pollution charge implemented in Milan, as part of the overall sustainable mobility strategy of the Municipality of Milan and has been designed to discourage the use of polluting private vehicles inside the central Milan Cerchia dei Bastioni area (the internal ring), by applying an entrance charge related to the polluting emission levels (PM10). Some motorists had to pay an urban toll when traveling within a Limited Traffic Zone corresponding to the central Cerchia dei Bastioni area and encircling around8.2km 2.

38 Milan Pollution Charge ECOPASS Area ECOPASS AREA 8.2 km 2 (4.5%) Residents: 77,000 (6%) Toll entrance gates: 43

39 Milan Pollution Charge ECOPASS Rules Ecopass is in force from 7.30am to 7.30pm Monday to Friday. If you do not have time to pay the Ecopass charge the day you enter the Cerchia dei Bastioni Ecopass area, you have time until midnight on the following day to pay. Exemptions There is no Ecopass charge for: mopeds, scooters and motorbikes emergency vehicles vehicles carrying disabled passengers and/or bearing a disabled passenger badge; Residents within the ECOPASS Area Residents of the Cerchia dei Bastioni LTZ Ecopass Area can apply for a yearly Ecopass at reduced rates. Also the yearly Ecopass price is variable and given by the Pollution Class (50, 125, 250 )

40 Milan Pollution Charge ECOPASS System Vehicle image and plate Plate area Plate Localization identification on the image Plate Segemtation characters sequence plate segmentation characters Plate Characters Extraction Integrated IR illuminator with OCR Context CCTV Camera Transits List

41 Milan Pollution Charge ECOPASS Results Traffic reduction, both private and commercial, within the ECOPASS Area during the ECOPASS enforcement time(- 21%) Public transport commercial speed increase (+13% tram and + 20% bus and trolleybus) Passengers increase on Underground line moving towards ECOPASS Area ( pax daily average) Reduction, within the ECOPASS Area, of the main pollutants emissions: PM:-20% CO2:-15% Nox:-16% Ammonia:-45%

42 Milan Pollution Charge ECOPASS Revenues Revenuesat31July2008 REVENUES by WAY of Payment CARD (Ticket, Carnet, Residents) Total Internet and ATMs Total Bank Remittance Totale The incomes from ECOPASS have been invested in projects aimed at improving urban mobility: Public transport Cycle mobility Car sharing Mobility Management Low impact vehicles TOTAL

43 From Pollution Charge to Congestion Charge Ecopass resulted a drastic traffic drop in 2008 (-21%), however, over time, the increase in the share of exempted vehicles (while in % of vehicles entering the area would have been exempted from Ecopass, in the first year of the scheme this percentage went up to 75% and in 2010, the share of exempted vehicles was as high as 90%!) gradually reduced the dissuasive power of Ecopass. Moreover, following the results of a bottom-up referendum in which a large majority of voters (79%) demanded an upgrade of the Ecopass measure, the scheme was upgraded to a congestion charge in 2012.

44 Milan Congestion Charge AREA C Area C is a road pricing measure launched by the Municipality of Milan in 2012 in order to improve life conditions of those who live, work, study and visit the city. Area C is the restricted traffic zone in the center of Milan (C as Cerchia Bastioni). The access points, monitored by cameras, are 43, including 7 for exclusive use of public transport. The charge is active on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Friday from 7.30 to 19.30, and Thursday from 7.30 to 18.

45 AREA C The context The area = 8.2 km 2, 4.5% of the whole territory of the Municipality of Milan Residents = 77,950 (42,300 families) The area has an outstanding attractiveness because of the activities and services settled in, that determine during the central daylight hours an average of persons/km 2, with a peak of almost person/km 2 within the historic center between Duomo and San Babila Every day about people, coming from outside, get there There are employees, amounting to almost 37% of the total employees of the Municipality of Milan.

46 AREA C The aims Decreasing vehicular access to the Area C therefore: Decreasing traffic congestion; Improving public transport speed; Decreasing the occupation of on-street parking; Reducing road accidents; Reducing pollutant emissions caused by traffic; Reducing health risks related to air pollution; Increasing the share of sustainable modes of travel; Improvingurbancenter qualityand attractiveness; Raising funds for sustainable mobility services and infrastructures.

47 AREA C The electronic gates Integrated IR illuminator Context (CTX) camera

48 AREA C The rules

49 AREA C Payment processing system Annual vehicles access , 57 % of vehicle must purchase and activate an entrance ticket 1. HOW TO BUY? 30% By cash: ticket are available at tobacconist, newsagents, ATM Points 13% (Milan transport company) 11% By credit card: on the website or callingthe call center 6% By PagoBancomat: at the parking meters, at Intesa San Paolo counters 2. HOW TO ACTIVATE THE TICKETS? To activate the ticket you must associate the pin identifier of admission ticket to a plate using one of these methods: SMS message to with the text "PIN.plate Call center: % On this website under the Servizi online section Alternatively there are 2 direct debit arrangements: 55% By Tele pass: through debit account or debit credit card By RID: through direct banking debit From September 2016: By Sisal and Lottomatica: at Sisal and Lottomatica points By SMS: using telephone credit By APP Mobile: using telephone credit VEHICLE CATEGORIES 40% Resident vehicles Service vehicles Other paying vehicles Green vehicles Vehicles exempted by the payment 13% 11% Telepass By cash Through direct banking debit By credit card By PagoBancomat PAYMENT METHOD USED 0%

50 AREA C Fares Each ticket to enter Area C must be activated the same day or no later than midnight of the next day access. The payment of an entrance covers all accesses made by the same vehicle during that day. Most vehicles does occasional transits, 42.9% of vehicles entered a single day and 90.4% of vehicles checked for less than 25 days in the year = 10% of days with active measure There are 5 types of entrance tickets: Daily: 5 Multiple daily: 30 and 60 credit decreasing automatically 91% 2% 1% 3%3% After web registration Daily " resident vehicle": 2 Daily Daily "service vehicle": 3 Daily 5 ticket 30 ticket 60 ticket 2 ticket 3 ticket TYPE OF TICKETS SOLD All the incomes from Area C have been reinvested in projects for sustainable mobility INCOMES in 2016 more than

51 AREA C Maintenance costs The management of Area C is played by 46 units, including the head. In Staff there are 6 units: 4 technical units and 2 administrative units In Line there are 39 units distributed as follows: Front office - 6 units Back office -14 units Call Center - 19 units 28% 25% Internal costs HW maintenance Payment management 14% 2% 13% 18% HW development Managing permissions Managing payment channels The organization of the offices has been sized based on workload: Front office: users/year Back office: practices/year Call Center: 620,000 call minutes/year Maintenance costs ( 72% direct costs and 28 % coordinating staff costs) DIRECT COSTS Managing permissions Payment management Managing payment channels COORDINATING STAFF COSTS HW development HW maintenance Internal costs

52 AREA C Type of managed practices 7% 3% 9% 18% 8% 5% 3% 1% 63% 19% 22% 30% 8% 4% Information on the remaining credit Generic Info Ticket activation Ticket purchase Myareac registration Guide CALL CENTER MANAGED PRACTICES 8% 50% 42% Facilities management for residents Facilities management for service vehicle General users FRONT OFFICE MANAGED PRACTICES Management practices direct banking debit Activation support ticket Ticket refunds Facilities management for residents Facilities management for service vehicle Technical dates vehicle refresh Sick instance management Management cancellation instances violation Managing payment exemptions BACK OFFICE MANAGED PRACTICES 2015 Front office: users/year Back office: practices/year Call Center: 620,000 call minutes/year The Workload trend has stabilized over the past 2 years

53 AREA C Mobility results Improving the life conditions of those who live, work, study and visit the city is the goal of the Congestion Charge - Area C. In 2015: Decreasing road traffic in Cerchia dei Bastioni =- 29.2% compared with 2012 Decreasing Road accidents =- 26% compared with 2012 Increase public transport speed = +2 % for buses between 9:00-10:00 and + 5,9 between 18:00-19:00 and + 2,2% for tram between 09:00-10:00 and + 4,4 between 18:00-19:00; Increase Public Transport users : +12% on surface PT; + 17% on Underground Raising funds for soft mobility infrastructures = +10%

54 AREA C Environmental results Pollutant vehicles: -49% ( pollutant vehicles entering every day the Area C) Cleaner vehicles + 6,1 % (from 9,6% to 16,6% of the total vehicles) Less emissions of pollutants: Total PM10-18% ; Exhaust PM10-10%; Ammonia -42%; Nitrogen Oxides -18%; Carbon Dioxide -35% Less Black Carbon (BC): 28% to 52% reduction of BC concentration

55 AREA C Economic and social results Area C achieved important results in terms of environmental, financial and social sustainability. As to the economical aspects, as a counterweight to the charge, several are the benefits enjoyable by users. The reduction of the cars circulating in the city center enables the reuse of the public spaced once reserved to the parking. For instance, an area of approximately sqm near Castello Sforzesco was turned into a pedestrian area, and new bike sharing stations and car sharing services were set up in the city. Moreover, thanks to Area C, the traffic reduction generated benefits to the whole transport systems. In fact, according to a recent statement of AICAI (Courier Aircraft Association), the Area C has resulted in an increase in productivity of 10% on freight deliveries in the city.

56 AREA C Incomes reinvested Incomes reinvested in Sustainable mobility 2016 incomes =more than 28 million 2015 incomes = 26.2 million 2014 incomes = 23 million 2013 incomes = 29.4 million 2012 incomes = 20.3 million All the incomes from Area C have been reinvested in projects for sustainable mobility: 62 % for the strengthening of public transport in order to improve its frequency 22 % for the development of sustainable mobility projects 16 % is the cost of IT management access control the software management and authorizations of payment channels

57 AREA C New rules Starting from February 2017 access is forbidden to Euro 4 diesel vehicles; subjection to pay the entrance ticket of 5 euro for vehicles powered by LPG and Natural Gas; exemption for hybrid vehicles untill 14 October 2019; access if forbidden to freight vehicles from 8 am to 10 am; entrance payment for vehicles with more than 9 seats according to the lenght of the vehicles: 15 forvehicles(generallyup to30 seats)up tomt.8,00; 25 fo vehicles (generally up to 50 seats) between mt. 8,01 and mt. 10,50; 40 for vehicles (generally more than 50 seats) longer than mt

58 AREA C LTZ Black Carbon Monitoring Project In the first year of Area C AMAT has developed the project of monitoring airborne Black Carbon in collaboration with SIMG (Italian College GPs), through its own testing laboratories. For monitoring protocol and final results validation experts have been involved: Prof. Constantinos Sioutas (University of Southern California, Los Angeles) and Prof. Dane Westerdahl (Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; City University of Hong Kong). Black Carbon, a primary pollutant and short-lived climate-forcer, is considered by the scientific community a good traffic proximity pollution indicator: it allows to assess the effectiveness of traffic regulatory policies, in terms of both: the health effects on local scale the city's contribution on global scale to climate change effects (WHO, 2013; US-EPA, 2012; UNECE-CLRTAP, 2012; Janssen et al., 2011; Health Effects Institute, 2010)

59 AREA C Kerbsidesites, in/out Area C LTZ Maciachini Square Spring campaign (May 20 th -29 th 2012) Summer campaign (Sept 15 th -25 th 2012) Less than 10 m from the center of the roadway Near crossroad with traffic light

60 Black Carbon concentration - First year of Area C BLACK CARBON concentrations Kerbside sites BC [µg/m 3 ] BC [µg/m 3 ] Spring campaign (May 20 th -29 th 2012) 4,0 6,7-1,6 µg/m 3 (-40%) -3,5 µg/m 3 (-52%) 3,2 Maciachini (Esterno Area C) Sforza (Interno Area C) 2,4 Maciachini (Outside Area C) Sforza (Inside Area C) Summer campaign (Sept 15 th -25 th 2012) Winter campaign 12 (February 1 st -26 th 2012) 3 rd floor level residential sites BC [µg/m 3 ] BC [µg/m 3 ] ,8-2,2 µg/m 3 (-28%) 5,6 Porpora (Outside Area C) Beccaria (Inside Area C) Autumn campaign I week (October 1 st -5 th 2012) (residential heating turned off) 4,1-1,3 µg/m 3 (-32%) 2,8 Porpora (Outside Area C) Beccaria (Inside Area C) Inside Area C LEZ an improvement from 1 to 3 ug/m 3 of Black Carbon was observed, with important health benefits (Janssen et al., 2011)

61 Toward a LEZ Control of the most pollutant vehicle and control and tracking of access for heavy vehicles and for the transport of dangerous goods 75% city area 100 Gates 136 km 2 As stated in the Sustainable Urban mobility Plan, the City of Milan is developing an infrastructure of electronic gates around and next to the municipal boundary. The systems will be set up for the control of the most pollutant vehicles and for the control and management of the most heavy vehicles and the ones used for the transport of dangerous goods, inspired by experiences such as Greater London LEZ.

62 Toward a LEZ IMPLEMENTATION FOR PROGRESSIVE PHASES VEHICLES MORE POLLUTED NB: Le classi veicolari si intendono tali se senza FAP. Phase 1 15 October 2017, actual rules* Phase 2 15 October 2018 Phase Petrol Vehicles Euro 0 class Gasoline Vehicles Euro 0 class Gasoline Vehicles Euro 1 class Gasoline vehicles Euro 2 class cycles Gasoline Bus M3 Euro 0, 1, 2 class Gasoline Vehicles Euro 3 class Stop during winter semester Stop duringwintersemester, diurnal Protocol: Permanent stop over 50mg / mc for 5 to 7 consecutive days Permanent stop for Euro 0 stop during wintersemesterfor Euro 1. Permanent Stop Permanent Stop Progressiverigging rules and application from 2019 even to Euro 4 diesel until they are permanently stopped by Use of the mark with Environmental Bulletin. Expansion of control systems. Introduction Vehicle Registration and Registration Systems in the Rule System. Using Variable Message Signal. Further evolution of the rules: control of other pollutants, first of allco 2 ed NO X. People Transport: Stop 9-17 or with exceeding for 7 consecutive days of 50 o 70 mg/mc. Goods Transport: Stop with exceeding for 7 consecutive days of 50 mg/mc. Stop with exceeding of 70 mg/mc. From October 2018, with exceeding for 7 days (or during winter semester), the stop exstend on time, till to became permanent in 2019 for people transport and, in 2020 for goods transport. *1. DGR 2578/2014. The stop during winter semester refer to : , h 7, * 2. ProtocolRegione ANCI Stop in case of exceedingof PM10 Limit, duringdifferenttime eachcategory.

63 Toward a LEZ Class of vehicles LOW EMISSION ZONE IMPLEMENTATION FOR PROGRESSIVE PHOTOGRAPHIC STILLS AND AUTOMATIC CARTRIDGES, UP TO 12M, TRANSPORTING DANGEROUS GOODS Phase1 from 15 October2017 Phase Light and heavy Vehicles with lenght more than 12 meters AuthorisedEntry (No circulation ). A new rulewillbe shared with cathegory lookingfor the exceptionsfor the exceptionalvehicles, constraining them to predefined, noninvasive routes for neighborhoods. Today, this rules is already used, but for a minimal area.(look at the map) Transport of Dangerous goods vehicle Control and addressing for dangerous goods with CCT control and addressing on predefined, noninvasive routes for neighborhoods and mindful of potential risks.

64 Toward a LEZ Class of vehicles MILAN MODEL IS INSPIRED BY MANY OTHER CITIES. Actually, LEZ isin use in London, a Paris, a Berlin(and in 60 more citiesin Germany), Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Anversa and manymore. The rule is also enforced through the establishment of the Vehicle Registry and Environmental Bulletin (which has long been in Germany, and in January 2017 the stamp will also be used in Paris). The advantages: The color of the stamp provides greater understanding and better control effectiveness. The registry maximizes regulatory compliance and contributes to simplifying and unifying database data. The model would contribute to a national standard. Municipal register of services

65 Car sharing in Milan 07/ % electric Car2Go Enjoy 12/ % electric 10/ % electric DriveNow GuidaMi % electric 06/ Share ngo % electric 11/ % electric E-Vai

66 Bike sharing BikeMi is the service of Bike-Sharing, developed by ATM and operated by Clear Channel. Born in December 2008, it provides a user-friendly, practical and ecological service. 280 stations (October 2016); traditional bikes; 1000 electric bikes; yearly subscriptions; More than rents per day on average million rents in Kg of CO2 saved in 2016 (Defra s carbon convertor factor)

67 Scooter sharing Milan is the first Italian city to launch a Public call for identifying companies to perform the Scooter Sharing Service(December 2014). The first scooter sharing in free-floating mode in Italy was launched inmilan on15july2015 with150 Piaggio Mp3 three-wheel vehicles, two wheels in front and one behind. Two helmets come with the scooter, which is also fitted with front and rear cameras for accident and damage surveillance. The service can be used by anyone 21 years old and over with a Italian driving license (types A and B) or aforeignone that is recognised by Enjoy.

68 Towards an integrated mobility - MAAS Mobility As AService 4 Milan As a platform for the integration of several transport systems used in the whole territory

69 Towards an integrated mobility - MAAS Taxi, Taxi sharing and Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) Bus (Bus a chiamata) Park Booking Valet Parking Trip Planning App Traffic Control Room/BIGDATA Micro-mobility solutions Car Sharing Electric mobility Use/booking of charging posts BUS Intercity Public Transport Intercity Car rental Local Public Transport Car Pooling Flight + Train Integration

70 THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION

71 THANK YOU FOR THE ATTENTION