High Energy Batteries. Safe, Cost-Effective & Recyclable

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1 High Energy Batteries Safe, Cost-Effective & Recyclable

2 Cost of Battery Technology Options Type Power Range (miles) Petrol/Diesel Refuelable Cost/ mile ( ) Technology Ready? OK Now CO 2 / Pollution/ Divestment Major Problems gco 2 /Km Notes 160 Oil industry fading Lithium Ion Rechargeable Lithium-Air Rechargeable Aluminium Air Refuelable Fuel Cells Refuelable OK Now Fire, 6 hrs recharge 157 Poor sales, 2 year life, recharged from Oil/gas/coal OK 3-400*? No > 10 yrs Technically v. difficult, 6 hrs recharge 157 Experimental* recharged from Oil/gas/coal OK Now Ramp up to global use 0 Aluminium industry can support OK Now $MultiBn Hydrogen infrastructure Required 88 Oil industry fading. (Main source of H 2 )

3 Aluminium Air Technology Development Metalectrique SAS (France) Metalectrique Ltd. MAL(R&D)Ltd. MAL(R&D)Ltd Key IP Validated Power pack core design IP developed A 430 mile range power pack was modelled for the Gevco/Mira imav city and independent analysis by Pera/Warwick University showed that this battery could achieve over 600 miles MAL R&D formed. Concept Design of a full scale prototype for Nissan Leaf. Detail Design of a 1500 mile battery for the Reva/G-Wiz In-house production of prototype cell parts for endurance testing Achieved 1500 mile range in bench tests on several full-size Reva/G-Wiz battery cells. Successfully repeated 7 times. Cell range was within 1% of calculated range. Fuel Cell Integration Ltd to date Key IP developed to TRL5 Technology supported by UK Government Metalectrique Ltd. Metalectrique Ltd. MAL(R&D)Ltd UK Government (UKTI) issued a special 'green light' letter about our technology. Invited to join Low Emission Vehicle working Group with DfT Commercial engagement with Lotus Engineering. Lotus provide technology route map to OEM compliance for the battery technology. Approach by Cambridge spin-out investors, Matrix Corporate Capital and others. Main sticking points were: battery is not rechargeable and not patented at the time (it is now).

4 Metalectrique CO 2 Free Driving Rusal Aluminium Smelter (Inert Anode) Process Metalectrique Long Range Battery Process Oxygen Aluminium Metal Oxygen Hydro Power CO 2 EV Power Water Hydrated Alumina Water

5 Technology Breakthrough Metalectrique have developed an advanced chemistry for aluminium air batteries so that they could be used to power EVs safely and economically. This chemistry was independently verified in France at Polytech Nantes in Its advantages are: Increases cell voltage by 300mV (Figure 4) Allows the use of ordinary aluminium Limits Hydrogen side reaction, gel formation & heat generation Allows steady, long-duration power Enables ordinary Aluminium to reach current densities of 180mA/cm 2 [Figure 5]

6 How Does it Compare? Figure 6 shows how Aluminium-Air technology compares with other existing technologies. The red line at the top shows that in terms of both power and range, Aluminium-Air technology is superior to any other existing technology.

7 . Recent Achievements Automotive battery development MAL(R&D)Ltd and Lotus completed a successful Product Definition Workshop which provided guidance on designing for Electric Vehicles. This resulted in two designs; one for the Nissan Leaf and one for the G-Wiz. Although Nissan expressed a strong interest in this battery they were already committed to fitting LiON batteries to the Leaf. A three-month test programme concluded with seven repeat tests on the G-Wiz prototype cells and each test showed steady delivery of power for a range of 1500 miles. This battery will be demonstrated in a MEGA Multitruck in MEGA Multitruck in preparation for 1500 mile test Military battery development MAL(R&D)Ltd completed a prototype BA5590 Type battery which is recyclable and refuelable. This is the MAL RAB117 and is now in its test and evaluation phase, prior to entering production in 2018.

8 Approach To Market By 2050 all cars are to be zero CO 2 There are 1.2 Billion cars 73 Major Cities exceed acceptable pollution limits We will demonstrate the range and cost performance in two Multitrucks. In parallel Lotus will produce a bespoke car platform for our technology which will be licenced to the 450 global car makers. We will sell territorial licences to the 73 most polluted cities. We will lobby the public, governments and industry to accelerate business scale up.

9 Business Scale Up Territorial Licences Territorial Revenue Technology Licences Technology Revenue M 2000M 4800M 7300M 7300M 7300M 7300M 7300M M 1000M 1000M 2250M 2250M 2250M 2250M 2250M No. Cars Replaced 1.57M 15.66M 39M 98M 245M 612M 1010M Car Refuelling Revenue 559M 5593M 13982M 34957M 87393M M Car Demo Investment - 8M Lobby Cost - 25M - 10M - 5M - 5M - 5M Total 717M 3549M 11388M 23527M 44502M 96943M M M

10 For Licencing and Sponsorship Contact: Trevor Jackson or Gary Hainsworth on +44(0) MAL(R&D)Ltd. Units 6 & 12 Tavy Business Park Pitts Cleave Industrial Estate Tavistock Devon PL190NU