Utilizing Wayside Energy Storage Substations in Rail Transit Systems Overview and Simulation Results

Transcription

1 Utilizing Wayside Energy Storage Substations in Rail Transit Systems Overview and Simulation Results J. Gordon Yu, SYSTRA Martin Schroeder, APTA David Teumim, Teumim Technical, LLC Energy Storage Technology Transit Application

2 TRB Energy Research Project Objective Provide Transit Agencies and the General Vendor Community with Guidance on the Potential Application of Wayside Energy Storage to Support Transit System Propulsion Energy Utilization Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

3 Project Sponsor and Participants Sponsor Transportation Research Board Transportation Cooperative Research Program Laurence Goldstein, Sr. Program Manager Study Team Dave Teumim, Teumim Technical, LLC Jianguo (Gordon) Yu, PhD., SYSTRA Consulting Martin P. Schroeder, P.E., APTA Chief Engineer APTA Energy Storage Research Consortium Transit Agencies (WMATA, LACMTA) Storage Vendors Government Agencies (Sandia Labs, NYSERDA, CEC) Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

4 Key Elements of Research Project Agency Tours and Fact Finding Energy Storage Research Selection of Candidate Systems Simulation & Analysis Information Dissemination Recommendations Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

5 Energy Storage Technologies Batteries Lead / Acid, Lithium Ion, Ni Hydride, others Electro Chemical Capacitors Hybrid Batteries Mechanical Devices Flywheels Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

6 Flywheel Storage Technology Rubber Tired Gantry Crane Long Beach, CA Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

7 Battery Technology Lead-Acid Voltage Support Sacramento, CA Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

8 Battery Technology NiMH Battery Test Installation-NYCT Energy Storage Technology Application to Transit

9 Vendor Advisory Group Composed of Energy Storage Vendors interested in marketing to passenger rail. With this distribution of vendor technologies: Flywheel 2 vendors Battery 5 vendors EC Capacitor 2 vendors Hybrid 1 vendor

10 Energy Storage Devices - Modeling Energy storage device is part of the traction power system Time based full system simulation with interaction between vehicle power demands/regenerative braking and traction power systems 10

11 Main Components of Substation Equipment (Rectifier & ESD) 11

12 Simulation Model - ESD Control Diagram Control voltages are adjustable by user 12

13 Simulation Model - Train Power Control Diagram Control voltages are adjustable by user 13

14 Simulated Systems Commuter Rail Operations based on timetable Metro Rail 2-minute peak hour headway Light Rail 5-minute peak hour headway 14

15 Energy Storage Devices Voltage Support Voltage support is critical for the safe and reliable operation of transit systems Identify locations where voltage support is needed. Perform simulation to determine if ESD can meet the voltage support requirement 15

16 Sub-B32 Sub-B34 MP35 Sub-B36 Voltage (V) Simulation Results Commuter Rail The Need for Voltage Support Train Voltages - MP32 to MP AM Peak Hours Voltage (Without ESD) Substations/CBH/ESD V Location (milepost)

17 Sub-B32 Sub-B34 MP35 Sub-B36 Voltage (V) Simulation Results Commuter Rail Voltage Improvement With ESD at 4MW 750 Train Voltages - MP32 to MP AM Peak Hours Voltage (Without ESD) Voltage (With 4MW ESD) Substations/CBH/ESD Δ=45V 529V 484V Location (milepost)

18 Sub-B32 Sub-B34 MP35-CBH Sub-B36 Voltage (V) Simulation Results Commuter Rail The Need for Voltage Support 750 Train Voltages - MP32 to MP AM Peak Hours Voltage (v) Substations Minimum Voltage Location (milepost)

19 Sub-32 Sub-34 ESD-35 Sub-36 Voltage (V) Simulation Results Commuter Rail Voltage Improvement With ESD at 4MW Train Voltages - MP32 to MP AM Peak Hours Voltage (v) Substations Minimum Voltage Location (milepost)

20 Stop- 2 Stop- 3 Stop- 4 Stop- 5 G02A- PSS G02B- CBH G03- TPSS G04- TPSS G05A- TPSS G05B- CBH Train Voltage (V) Simulation Results Metro Rail The Need for Voltage Support 1,000 Simulated Train Voltages Case Min Headway; V Regen Taper; No ESD Train Voltage Substations Stations Minimum Voltage Location (miles) 20

21 Stop- 2 Stop- 3 Stop- 4 Stop- 5 G02A- PSS G02B- CBH G03- TPSS G04- TPSS G05A- TPSS G05B- 3MW ESD Train Voltage (V) Simulation Results Metro Rail Voltage Improvement With ESD at 3MW 1,000 Simulated Train Voltages Case Min Headway; V Regen Taper; 3MW ESD Train Voltage Substations Stations Minimum Voltage Location (miles) 21

22 ST 01 ST 02 ST 03 ST 04 ST 05 ST 06 ST 07 ST 08 ST 09 ST 10 ST 11 ST 12 A1-TPSS A2-TPSS A3-TPSS A4-OUT A4X-CBH A5-TPSS A6-TPSS A7-TPSS Train Voltage (V) Simulation Results Light Rail The Need for Voltage Support 1,000 Simulated Train Voltages (Case 64 - A4 Outage, 5-Minute Headway) Train Voltage Substations Stations Minimum Train Voltage Location (miles) 22

23 ST 01 ST 02 ST 03 ST 04 ST 05 ST 06 ST 07 ST 08 ST 09 ST 10 ST 11 ST 12 A1-TPSS A2-TPSS A3-TPSS A4-OUT A4X-ESD A5-TPSS A6-TPSS A7-TPSS Train Voltage (V) Simulation Results Light Rail Voltage Improvement With ESD at 1.5MW 1,000 Simulated Train Voltages (Case 74b - A4 Outage, 5-Minute Headway) Train Voltage Substations Stations Minimum Train Voltage Location (miles) 23

24 Energy Storage Devices Energy Saving Where regenerative braking is used, energy storage device can recycle regenerated power The amount of energy saving is systemspecific and operation specific 24

25 Energy Cost Saving (ESD vs Rectifier Substation) Light Rail Total Energy Cost Saving Over 10 Years (Assuming 5% Annual Increase) Year Yearly Cost Savings (US$) 1 45, , , , , , , , , ,072 Based on 1.5MW ESD installation at A4X Rates are based on a typical electricity supplier published tariffs in 2009 Assuming individual substation billing Total 568,135 25

26 Energy Cost Saving (ESD vs Rectifier Substation) Metro Rail Total Energy Cost Saving Over 10 Years (Assuming 5% Annual Increase) Year 3MW ESD 4MW ESD 1 55,152 70, ,909 74, ,805 78, ,845 82, ,037 86, ,389 90, ,909 95, ,604 99, , , , ,016 Total 693, ,990 Based on 3MW or 4MW ESD installations at G05B 26

27 Energy Storage Devices Load Cycles Simulated load cycles for energy storage devices are critical to device selection Types Ratings Useful Life Cycles Response Times 27

28 Power (kw) ESD Load Cycle Commuter Rail Simulated ESD Load Cycle (Commuter Rail) ESD 4MW; Vc=670 4,000 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, ,000-1,500-2,000 7:00 AM 7:10 AM 7:20 AM 7:30 AM 7:40 AM 7:50 AM 8:00 AM Time

29 Power (kw) ESD Load Cycle Metro Rail Simulated ESD Load Cycle Case 433-4MW ESD; V Regen Taper; 2 Min Headway Power (kw) 4,000 3,000 2,000 1, ,000-2,000-3,000-4,000 7:35 7:36 7:37 7:38 7:39 7:40 7:41 7:42 7:43 7:44 7:45 Time

30 Power (kw) ESD Load Cycle Light Rail Simulated ESD Load Cycle (Case 70c-5 Minute Headway) Power (kw) 1,500 1, ,000-1,500 7:30 AM 7:35 AM 7:40 AM 7:45 AM Time 30

31 ESD Power Rating Requirement versus Minimum Train Voltage Improvement Commuter Rail Power (MW) ESD Rating Requirement Minimum Power Rating (MW) Min Train Voltage Improvement (V)

32 ESD Energy Capacity Requirement versus Minimum Train Voltage Improvement Commuter Rail Energy (kwh) ESD Rating Requirement Minimum Required Energy Capacity (kwh) Min Train Voltage Improvement (V)

33 Power (MW) ESD Power Rating Requirement ESD Rating Requirement Required Power Rating (MW) Light Rail 1.5MW ESD Metro Rail 3MW ESD Metro Rail 4MW ESD Commuter Commuter Rail 3MW ESD Rail 4MW ESD

34 Energy (kwh) ESD Energy Capacity Requirement ESD Energy Capacity Requirement Light Rail 1.5MW ESD Metro Rail 3MW ESD Metro Rail 4MW ESD Commuter Rail 3MW ESD Commuter Rail 4MW ESD

35 Summary Simulation is a useful tool: Determine if ESD can achieve required voltage support Quantify much energy saving can be achieved, in addition to meeting the need for voltage support Predict load cycles for selection and specification of energy storage devices

36 Rail Application Experience in USA A flywheel test installation was hosted by NYCT. Later decommissioned (Urenco 1MW, 7kWh). A lead-acid battery ESD test installation is in operation in Sacremento, California (Envitech / Impluse BASS 2MW) 36

37 Rail Application Experience in USA A NiMH battery test installation was hosted by NYCT (Kawasaki BPS 1.2MW, 360 kwh; Feb- May, 2010) NYCT and Kawasaki are moving the BPS to a new location with enhanced rating for normal service operation trials (2.4MW, 720kWh) A flywheel installation is being designed for Long Island Rail Road (Pentadyne 2.5MW, 18 kwh) 37

38 Questions & Answers 38