2016 UC Solar Research Symposium
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1 2016 UC Solar Research Symposium Beyond UCR s Sustainable Integrated Grid Initiative: Energy Management Projects in Southern California October 7, 2016 Presented by: Alfredo A. Martinez-Morales, Ph.D. University of California, Riverside Southern California Research Initiative for Solar Energy (SC-RISE) Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CERT)
2 CE-CERT Laboratories Atmospheric Processes Emissions and Fuels Sustainable Energy Systems Intelligent Transportation Systems Solar Energy Energy Storage 2
3 Energy and Environmental Goals Drive Change In California, energy and environmental policy initiatives are driving electric grid changes. Key initiatives include the following: 50 percent of retail electricity from renewable power by 2030; greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal to 1990 levels by 2020; codes ensuring that new and existing buildings achieve energy efficiency and preserve environmental quality; policies to increase distributed generation; and an executive order for 1.5 million zero emission vehicles by
4 Solar Characteristics 4
5 What is a Microgrid? Definition A Microgrid is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that acts as a single controllable entity with respect to the grid. A Microgrid can connect and disconnect from the grid to enable it to operate in both grid-connected or island-mode. (U.S. Department of Energy Microgrid Exchange Group) 3 Key Factors Energy generation Energy storage Controlled devices 5
6 Sustainable Integrated Grid Initiative (SIGI) Load Management reduces risk of grid failure/blackout (due to decreased peaks) increases predictability of demand (flattens peak demand) Outage Prevention relieves stress on grid Outage Support battery dedicated to critical/essential loads DER Support Microgrids support distributed solar systems. 6
7 SIGI Research Facilities TES 10 MW CE-CERT 1 MW CE-CERT 0.5 MWh CE-CERT 0.5 MWh EV EV UCR 12 MW Palm Desert 3.5 MW EV BCOE WCH 1 MWh UCR 3.5 MW 7
8 What Should We Know Before Optimization? The Rate Schedule Time-of-Use (TOU) for Large General and Industrial Service Rate Period Summer June to August Winter September to May Off-Peak 11 PM 8 AM 9 PM 8 AM Mid-Peak 8 AM 12 PM 6 PM 11 PM 8 AM 5 PM On-Peak 12PM 6 PM 5 PM 9 PM How to Design the Algorithm? Charge the battery bank during Off-Peak rate period; discharge during On-Peak rate period Time interval period is chosen to be 5 minutes kw optimization and kwh optimization 8
9 Performance Simulation 60 Battery Operation Active Power [kw] MPC Operation Schedule Operation 20 Time of the Day 16:45 17:45 19:00 19:45 20:45 21:15 SOC (%) Battery Storage MPC Operation Schedule Operation Time of the Day 40 16:45 17:45 Time of the Day 18:45 19:45 20:45 9
10 Real-time Performance 60 Battery Operation Active Power [kw] SOC (%) MPC Operation 10 16:45 17:45 Schedule Operation 19:00 Time of the Day 19:45 20: Battery Storage MPC Operation Schedule Operation Time of the Day 40 16:45 17:45 Time of the 18:45 Day 19:45 20:45 10
11 One-Day Experiment with Three Different Time Periods Control Algorithms Off-Peak Mid-Peak On-Peak Mid-Peak 11
12 Cost Analysis: Comparison Between Different System Architectures System Comparison Energy kwh Savings($) Load Demand Savings($) On-Peak Mid-Peak Off-Peak Total ($) Real vs. Schedule Real vs. No Battery Real vs. No PV or Battery June 2015 Electricity Cost Comparison for Different System Architectures Different Situation Energy kwh Savings($) Load Demand Savings($) Total ($) On-Peak Mid-Peak Off-Peak Real vs. Schedule Real vs. No Battery Real vs. No PV or Battery May 2015 Electricity Cost Comparison for Different System Architectures Real refers to real-time control algorithm 12
13 Demand Reduction, Economic Benefits Analysis, and Micro-grid Demonstration of a Optimization-based Control Strategy, at City Hall in Rancho Cucamonga, CA Project Summary: Deployment and demonstration of a microgrid system at City Hall in Rancho Cucamonga, CA. Microgrid system composed of 100 kw solar carport PV system, 87kWh/100kW Li-ion battery energy storage system (BESS), data server and control system. Objective is to demonstrate the potential for minimizing the costs associated with demand charges by optimizing the utilization of microgrid resources (solar PV and battery). Microgrid optomization is achieved by a predictive control framework. 13
14 Partners American Public Power Association ( Funding Agency Rancho Cucamonga Municipal Utility ( mu/default.asp) Demonstration Site Pacific Energy ( battery energy storage system MD Energy, Inc. ( PV system 14
15 Project Site PV System Battery Energy Storage System/Charger-Inverter 100 kw Inverter Conduit 15
16 Rate Schedule Energy Charge - $/kwh Summer Season - On-Peak Mid-Peak Off-Peak Winter Season - Mid-Peak Off-Peak Demand Charge - $/kw Facilities Summer - On-Peak 16.5 Sumer - Mid-Peak 4.5 On-Peak: Noon to 6:00 p.m. summer weekdays except holidays. Mid-Peak: 8:00 a.m. to noon and 6:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. summer weekdays except holidays; 8:00 a.m. to 9:00 p.m. winter weekdays except holidays. Off-Peak: All other hours. The Summer Season shall commence at 12:00 a.m. on June 1st and continue until 12:00 a.m. on October 1st of each year. The Winter Season shall commence at 12:00 a.m. on October 1st of each year and continue until 12:00 a.m. on June 1st of the following year. For summer rate schedule, if we can reduce 20 kw during on-peak time, the demand charge saving is 13.82* *20=$606.4; For winter rate schedule, if we can reduce 20 kw during mid-peak time, the demand charge saving is 13.82*20=$
17 POWER (KW) City Hall Load Profile - Summer Mon, 08/04, 14, 10:00, Mon, 08/18, 14, 15:45, Off-Peak Mid-Peak On-Peak Mid-Peak Off 0 0:00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00 17 TIME
18 POWER (KW) 800 City Hall Load Profile - Winter Tue, 04/08, 14, 14:00, Off-Peak Mid-Peak Off-Peak :00 3:00 6:00 9:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 0:00 TIME 18
19 City Hall Load Characteristics Month Date of peak Day of Peak Time of Peak Peak Demand (kw) January 1/14 Wed 14: February 2/13 Wed 15: March 3/5 Thurs 17: April 4/8 Wed 14: May 5/15 Thurs 15: June 6/30 Mon 14: During Winter rate schedule, most peak occurs between 13:00 17:00. Due to the limited battery storage system, the smart control only operates during this time period. July 7/7 Mon 15: August 8/18 Mon 15: September 9/16 Tue 16: October 10/6 Tue 14: November 11/6 Thurs 14: December 12/23 Wed 14:
20 Battery Operation Under Adjust Demand Threshold Model Predictive Control (ADT- MPC) Algorithm - Summer 20
21 Battery Operation Under Adjust Demand Threshold Model Predictive Control (ADT- MPC) Algorithm - Winter 21
22 Peak Shaving Potential Analysis Battery Capacity (BC) = 50 kwh (Using 80% of BC) Battery Capacity (BC) = 75 kwh (Using 80% of BC). Battery Capacity (BC) = 87 kwh (Using 80% of BC). The demand decreases by kw (including PV); 32.6 kw is reduced by battery. The demand decreases kw (including PV); kw is reduced by battery. The demand decreases kw (including PV); kw is reduced by battery
23 Battery Management Month Original Peak Demand (kw) Microgrid System Peak Demand (kw) Dollar Savings ($) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec $14,932 potential savings over a year 23
24 Chemehuevi Microgrid Objective: Manage energy use profiles and providing uninterruptable power at the Chemehuevi Community Center (emergency response center for the community) Location: Chemehuevi Indian Tribe, Havasu Lake, CA Microgrid system composed of 90 kw solar PV system, 60kWh/30kW flow battery energy storage system, data historian, advanced control system, and energy management strategies. Energy management strategies include: 1) Peak Reduction, 2) Load Shifting, 3) Demand Response, and 4) Storage to Grid activities. 24
25 Background Remote communities with a single transmission line connection to the grid are extremely vulnerable to power outages and downtime maintenance. Microgrids are ideal for providing resiliency to critical facilities within remote communities. There is need for the successful demonstrations and pilot projects that demonstrate and document energy, economic and societal benefits of community-based microgrids. To achieve greater grid resiliency new solutions and technologies will be required for microgrids to provide reliable and cost-effective electricity. 25
26 Project Benefits Projected benefits to the CCC (over 20 years) Lower energy costs (i.e. demand charge reduction) Improved data and energy management Increased grid stability, robustness, and reliability Support increased renewables and market-ready technologies Decreased GHGs emissions Workforce development & best practices 26
27 Chemehuevi Project Industry Partners SunPower ( 90 kw solar carport PV system Primus Power ( 30 kw/60 kwh flow battery energy storage system EnSync ( Matrix Energy Management Platform OSIsoft ( EMS monitoring and control software Pacific Energy ( electrical engineer & contractor GRID Alternatives ( workforce development 27
28 Project Site (Option 2) 30 kw SunPower Carport PV System (P17-340W) 30 kw/60 kwh Primus Power Flow Battery 30 kw SunPower Carport PV System (Monofacial) Matrix Energy Platform (x2) 30 kw SunPower Carport PV System (Bifacial) Conduit 28
29 0:00 0:45 1:30 2:15 3:00 3:45 4:30 5:15 6:00 6:45 7:30 8:15 9:00 9:45 10:30 11:15 12:00 12:45 13:30 14:15 15:00 15:45 16:30 17:15 18:00 18:45 19:30 20:15 21:00 21:45 22:30 23:15 Power(kW) Chemehuevi Community Center (Summer Rate Schedule) June 15 - July 14, 2015 Thurs, Jun 18 16:30, 60.8 kw Off-Peak Mid-Peak On-Peak Mid-Peak Sat, Jun 27 15:30, 56 kw Mon Jun 29 18:00, 62.4 kw Time of Day (Hours) 29
30 0:00 1:00 2:00 3:00 4:00 5:00 6:00 7:00 8:00 9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00 16:00 17:00 18:00 19:00 20:00 21:00 22:00 23:00 Power(kW) Chemehuevi Community Center (Winter Rate Schedule) Apr 15 - May Off-Peak Thurs Apr 30 15:30, 43.2 kw Mid-Peak Sat May 2 15:30, 38.4 kw Time of Day (Hours) 30
31 Thank you
32 For more information please visit or me at
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