Pierce Transit: Extending the Washington State Bus Transit Experience

Transcription

1 Pierce Transit: Extending the Washington State Bus Transit Experience Jerome M. Lutin, PhD, PE Pierce Transit Collision Avoidance and Mitigation Safety Research and Demonstration Project Second Annual Princeton Smart Driving Cars Summit Princeton, NJ May 16, 2018

2 August 19, 2016 Newark, NJ 2

3 Driver killed, 18 injured after 2 NJ Transit buses crash in Newark Newark bus crash victims to sue for at least $115M for 'catastrophic' injuries 3

4 Project Objectives and Priorities Review Value Potential for US Bus Industry (2016 data) Collisions = 4,578 Injuries = 16,920 Fatalities = 105 Casualty & Liability Expense = $701,113,017

5 Washington State Transit Insurance Pool Safety Innovations PilotDeserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) TRB grant and funding from insurance companies Equipped 35 transit buses at seven member agencies and three buses at King County Metro with CAS Comprehensive examination of total costs for most severe and costly types of collisions Evaluate potential for CAS to reduce the frequency and severity of collisions, and reduce casualty and liability expenses Does not include autonomous braking in this phase

6 Washington State Transit Insurance Pool Safety Participating Pilot Transit Agencies Ben Franklin Transit, Richland, WA Community Transit, Everett, WA C-Tran, Vancouver, WA InterCity Transit, Olympia, WA King County Metro, Seattle, WA Kitsap Transit, Bremerton, WA Pierce Transit, Tacoma, WA Spokane Transit, Spokane, WA

7 Rosco/Mobileye Shield+ system collision avoidance warning system (CAWS) specifically designed for transit buses Provides alerts and warnings for events that could lead to a collision: changing lanes without activating a turn signal exceeding posted speed limit closing with vehicle in front of the bus closing with pedestrian or bicyclist in front of, or alongside the bus Alerts and warnings visual indicators on windshield and front pillars Audible warnings issued when collisions are imminent

8 Shield+ system being installed on Gillig bus at C-TRAN in Vancouver, WA 6 different types of transit buses produced by three mfrs. high floor, low floor, Diesel, hybrid, and electric trolley buses 2-person team complete one bus installation in 8 hour period

9 Center indicator illuminates as pedestrian crosses in front of moving bus during testing

10 Data Collection April 1, 2016 June 30, ,129 operating miles 23,798 operating hours 250 driver surveys returned 178 comments received 16,600 hours of video 10,000 events logged 19 TB of video storage No pedestrian or forward collisions

11 Comparing Frequency of Alerts and Warnings with Spokane Transit Control Group Warning Type Control Group (2 buses 17K mi) Warnings per 1000 miles Active Fleet (33 buses, 344K mi) Active Fleet Difference Forward Collision Pedestrian Collision

12 WSTIP Fixed Route Liability Claims History Claims >$2,900 Grand Total 100% $53,159,668 Claims not Impacted by CAWS 35% $18,585,081 Claims Impacted by Forward Vehicle CAWS 35% $18,593,035 Claims Impacted by Pedestrian CAWS 30% $15,981,552 Total Claims Impacted by Forward Vehicle and Pedestrian CAWS 65% $34,574,587

13 Research Implications The Business Case for CAWS/AEB Years of Service Life (YSL) Lower Bound of Annual Net Benefit Per Vehicle ($) (LBV) Lower Bound of Annual Total Net Benefit ($) LBV X NV Upper Bound of Annual Net Benefit Per Vehicle ($) (UBV) Upper Bound of Annual Total Net Benefit ($) UBV X NV ,232 1,039 1,099, ,860 1,285 1,359, ,639 1,460 1,545, ,974 1,592 1,684, ,346 1,695 1,792, ,043 1,777 1,879, ,977 1,844 1,950, ,089 1,899 2,009, ,106 1,947 2,059, ,979 1,987 2,102,473

14 Autonomous Emergency Need for Standards and Testing What Next Autonomous Deceleration The curved line shows velocity of the bus when braking

15 Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) Need Pierce for Standards Transit - Continuing and Testing Research in Collision Avoidance Pierce Transit received $1.66 million grant from Federal Transit Administration (FTA) to install bus safety technology 30 buses will be equipped with Shield+ CAWS Buses will be operated and data recorded for a full year + option for additional 70 buses Up to 30 buses will be equipped with Automated Emergency Braking (AEB) for testing

16 Autonomous Emergency Braking Testing DCS Technologies Inc. Pedestrian Avoidance Safety System (PASS) Automatically decelerates buses to reduce collisions with pedestrians and bicyclists. Active Response consistently reacts 50 times faster than a typical human reaction time Reduces panic stop severity by 50% Includes LIDAR detection system

17 Pierce Transit - Project Partners Federal Federal Transit Administration (FTA) National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) US Department of Transportation Volpe Center Insurance Washington State Transit Insurance Pool Munch Re America Vendors DCS Technologies, Inc. Mobileye NV Rosco Collision Avoidance Research Center for Urban Transportation Research, University of South Florida Janet Gates Jerome M Lutin, PhD, LLC University of Washington STAR Lab Veritas Forensic Accounting & Economics Virginia Tech Transportation Institute

18 Three parallel work flows: Project Description Installation, testing, and demonstration of CAWS on the Pierce Transit bus fleet. Installation, testing, and demonstration of AED on a sub-set of the Pierce Transit bus fleet. Development of a methodology to account for the full costsavings that can be achieved by reducing bus collisions with bicyclists, pedestrians, and vehicles.

19 Project Performance Evaluation Measures System Effectiveness System accuracy Change in driver performance Reduction in stopping distance and effect on passengers Driver acceptance Safety Collisions Injuries Fatalities Return on Investment Insurance claims Internal costs Equipment life cycle costs Net benefits

20 Thank You!