Integrated Electric and Hybrid Components powering clean mobility and energy conservation IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB

Transcription

1 Integrated Electric and Hybrid Components powering clean mobility and energy conservation 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB

2 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 2 US Hybrid Group US Hybrid Corporation HQ: Torrance, CA Year Established: 1999 Founded by: Management: Gordon Abas Goodarzi, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman, CEO Year Established: Founded by: Management: Magmotor Corporation 1876, (Acquired US Hybrid in 2008) Kendrick and Davis Gordon Abas Goodarzi, Ph.D., P.E. Chairman, CEO Core Competency: Advanced Motors and Power Converters, for Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles. Core Competency: Servo Motors and Drives Electro-Hydraulic Pump Systems MagLev System for RTP Silicon Fabrication Torrance, CA Honolulu, HI Worcester, MA

3 US Hybrid Business focus is Heavy Duty Commercial Vehicles Class Category Light Light Light Medium Medium Medium Heavy Heavy Weight Range (GVWR) <6,000 6,001-10,000 10,000-14,000 14,001-16,000 16,001-19,500 19,501-26,000 26,001-33,000 >33,000 Full-size Pickup Full-size Pickup Walk-in Large Walk-in Large Walk-in School Bus City Transit Bus Heavy Conventional Multi-purpose Minivan City Delivery Conventional Van City Delivery Beverage Refuse Dump Examples Minivan Step Van Conventional Van City Delivery Bucket Single-axle Van Furniture COE Sleeper Utility Van Utility Van Rack Medium Conventional Cement Note: GVWR is Gross Vehicle Rate Weighting 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 3

4 Corporate Focus; Special Purpose Vehicles 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 4

5 Energy (kwh) Energy (kwh) mpg Transportation Engineering; How is the Energy used Compact Car Drag mpg Speed (mph) For city /traffic driving most of energy consumption is due to rolling resistance (Weight) Rolling 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% GVWR=910 kg (2000 lb) Stop/Go (Traffic) More than 50% of energy is wasted due to traffic 59% 42% 54% Constant 4 20% 10% Speed (mph) 0% Drive Cycle: Ave Speed: UDDS US06 J45 32 kph 20 mph 80 kph 50 mph 23 kph 14 mph 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 5

6 Energy (kwh) Energy (kwh) mpg Transportation Engineering; Medium Size SUV mpg Speed (mph) Drag For city /traffic driving most of energy consumption is due to rolling resistance (Weight) Rolling 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% Stop/Go (Traffic) More than 50% of energy is wasted due to traffic GVWR=1800 kg (4000 lb) 59% 47% 57% Constant % 40% 30% 4 20% 10% 2 0% Speed (mph) Drive Cycle: Ave Speed: UDDS US06 J45 32 kph 20 mph 80 kph 50 mph 23 kph 14 mph 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 6

7 Energy (kwh) Transportation Engineering; Drayage Truck (Driving in South Bay) Drag Acceleration Rolling GVWR=36300 kg UDDS 10 mph 20 mph 40 mph 60 mph Regular Drive Cycle Ramp 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 7

8 Transportation Engineering; Energy Utilization per category Energy (kwh) 8 7 Braking Drag Acceleration Rolling UCR 5 mph 10 mph 15 mph Regular Ramp Drive Cycle 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 8

9 Transportation Engineering & Economy Land Transportation: Power to Weight ratio (kw/ton) 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 9

10 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB Transportation Engineering & Economy Ocean Transportation: Power to Weight ratio (kw/ton) Peak Power to Weight ratio (kw/ton) S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS Helicopters Jets Small Propellers Emma Mærsk RMS Queen Mary 2 Oasis class Container Ship Cruise Ship

11 Transportation Engineering & Economy Aviation Transportation: Power (peak) to Weight ratio (kw/ton) S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS Helicopters Jets Small Propellers 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 11

12 S300C S-76 H-60 S-92 MH-92 CH-53E Boeing 777 RV-7 Europa XS Siemens Velaro ICE IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 12 Volvo FH Chevrolet Tahoe Audi A4 Emma Mærsk RMS Queen Mary 2 Oasis class Transportation Engineering & Economy Peak Power to Weight ratio (kw/ton) Helicopters Jets Small Propellers Train Auto Container Ship Cruise Ship

13 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB Transportation Engineering & Economy Fuel Economy per kilometer per ton [liter/km/ton] Sedan SUV Truck Train Commercial Jet Container ship Cruise Ship

14 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 14 Comparable Fuel Energy Density Diesel; ASTM #1, 37.1 kwh/gal (15.16 kwh/kg, Engine Output: 4500 Whr/kg) ASTM #2, 38.1 kwh/gal (15.57 kwh/kg) Gasoline; 32.9 kwh/gal, (11.8 kwh/kg, Engine Output: 2800 Whr/kg) Hydrogen; 39.7 kwh/kg, (1kg H2 =11 psi, or 11 tank is same as 2 gal of diesel fuel) Energy Density: 22kg weight/kg-h2, Total Energy Density Output per kg: 721 Whr/kg Mixed Fuels; Ethanol(E100) = 22.1 kwh/gal, (M85) 85% Methanol, 15% Gasoline = 18.6 kwh/gal Energy Storage Devices have much lower energy density: Ultra Capacitors kwh/kg, (4000:1) compared to diesel Lead Acid kwh/kg (600:1) compared to diesel NiMh 0.06 kwh/kg (250:1) compared to diesel Li-Ion 0.10 kwh/kg (156:1) compared to diesel 1 Gallon of fuel has same net energy as 156 Kg of Li type Battery at 100% SOC

15 Hybrid System Configurations Options Mechanical power Electric power Engine Trans. Battery CEU Post-transmission parallel hybrid Engine Trans. Conventional PowerTrain Engine Trans. Battery CEU Parallel/dual mode hybrid Battery CEU Electric Vehicle GCU Engine Battery CEU Diesel Electric Series Hybrid Engine Trans. Hydraulic Hybrid IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB

16 Hybrid Systems Control Fundamental 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 16 Hybrid Vehicle Systems Science is all about Engine control and Optimization (Energy Generation Vs. Energy Storage) Hybrids System Three fundamentals for Fuel Saving and emission reduction: 1. Down Size engine with optimum Operation Strategy 2. Eliminate the idle operation and reduce transients. Electric Drive and Energy Storage to Provide the power/energy for acceleration and deceleration. 3. Re-Gen Control to recover Energy During Breaking. Electric Motor to recover regen energy and Energy Storage to store the energy for next acceleration.

17 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 17 Engine Thermal Efficiency Fundamental For the same Power; Operation B is 30% more efficient than A, Hybrid System should operate more at B and less at A Points A and C have the same power: P C =P A Point C has lower BSFC and higher efficiency: Iso-power Contour (kw) BSFC C < BSFC A h C > h A B B: 194 g/kwh C: 216 g/kwh A: 280 g/kwh C A Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC, g/kwh)

18 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 18 Parallel Hybrid Engine Operation Power Profile Power provided by Electric Motor (Yellow Area) Power provided by Engine (Red Area) Regen

19 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB 19 Series Hybrid Engine Operation Power Profile Electric Drive Engine Generator

20 Green Technology is Energy Efficiency and Conservation Thank you! 2012 IEEE Green Energy Conference CSULB