IBM Almaden Conference Lithium Ion Battery - Truth in Advertising

Transcription

1 IBM Almaden Conference Lithium Ion Battery - Truth in Advertising Chet Sandberg P.E. Altair Nanotechnologies, Inc. Chief Applications Engineer Stationary Power 1

2 Disclaimer The following material was presented by Chet Sandberg, Altairnano Chief Applications Engineer, at the IBM Almaden Institute meeting on August 26 and 27, 2009 entitled Lithium Ion Battery Truth in Advertising. The actual use of various slide data should not solely be relied on as information specifying current Altairnano technical capabilities. It is used for the purpose of providing example material for the presentation. To inquire about current specifications, please contact Altairnano at

3 The Electrical Grid without Electricity Storage is like having the Interstate Highway system without parking. Sam Jaffe - Energy Insights Electricity Storage is an oxymoron. Oil Industry Executive 3

4 Graphite (2D) nlto (3D) Plane Shifts Li + Li+ ± 10% Stress and Strain in graphite leading to limited cycle life Battery Charge/Discharge Causes No Stress or Strain in nlto leading to Long Cycle Life 4

5 Nano-titanate has exceptional morphology resulting in nano-titanate batteries being a sizeable improvement over standard lithium-ion batteries. Lithium Ion Battery Construction Nano-Titanate Battery Construction VS 5

6 What is Electricity Energy Storage and What are best applications? Electricity energy storage is any means of taking power directly from power plants or the electric grid and storing it for later use. Load Leveling Ramping Frequency Regulation -Hours- -Minutes- -Seconds- 6

7 AES 2MW 250kWh Frequency Regulation Pilot AES at a glance $11 billion in annual revenues, operating in 26 countries One of the world s largest power companies Prototypes were installed and demonstrated at substation owned and operated by Indianapolis Power & Light (IPL). 2 MW Ancillary Services Unit Grid application test 2 x 1 MW trailers 2 MW for 15 minutes Usable charge range 5% to 99% PJM Results Successful market acceptance of the first gridscale, battery energy storage system One-Megawatt battery system available for commercial operation by AES Energy Storage PJM Interconnection is a regional transmission organization (RTO) that coordinates the movement of wholesale electricity in 13 states and the District of Columbia, serving approximately 51 million people Validation testing by KEMA Consulting Simulates peak response and spinning reserve applications as utilized by AES and similar energy providers Results show successful charge and discharge at full power for 15 minutes in either direction Exceeded round-trip efficiency expectations, retaining over 91% efficiency - this is unprecedented 7

8 Altairnano Energy Storage System July 1,

9 Overcoming Barriers to Market Adoption Technical Barriers For large-scale utility applications, energy storage technologies must be able to provide the right combination of power and/or energy 9 9

10 Specifications Our Best is Printed 1.The Ragone Plot - Power and Energy 2.Cycle Life 3.Calendar Life 4.Depth of Discharge % 5.Low Temperature Criteria 6.High Temperature Criteria 7.Charge Rate C-rate 8.Discharge Rate C-rate 9.Charging Asymmetric and Symmetric 10.Cell Internal Impedance Resistance 11.Cell Voltage 12.Capacity at end of life 13.Voltage Cutoffs 14.Round Trip Efficiency 15.Parasitic Adders 16.Usable charge range vs. life 17.Life vs. Depth of Discharge 18.Etc. 10

11 Long Life at High Charge Rates 1000 Conventional Li-Ion Li-ion LiFePO 4 TDT = 1 Hour C Rate Altairnano Technology Conventional Li-Ion Lead Acid NiMH NiCd Li-ion LiFePO4 Ultra capacitors 100 NiMH Specific Energy (Whr/kg) Specific Energy (Whr/kg) 10 NiCd Lead Acid TDT = 6 Min 10C Rate Altairnano Technology Ultra capacitors 1 TDT = 36 Sec 100C Rate TDT = Total Discharge Time Specific Power (W / kg) 11 11

12 18650 Performance Scaled Altair n-lto Performance 12

13 Battery Electric Vehicle Technology Trends Offer Practical Solutions Source: Aerovironment Presentation 13

14 Altairnano Lithium Titanate Battery Cycle Life 14

15 Table 6-3 Trailer 2 Battery Efficiency Characteristics based on 10 Cycles (4/22/08) ISO Dispatch SoC Efficiency Source: 15

16 Energy Technology $/kwhr Efficiency % Lifetime Discharge Time Hours Pumped Hydro , CAES , Flow Batteries NaS batteries 2,500 3, , NiCad Batteries Power Technology $/kwhr Efficiency % Lifetime Discharge Time Minutes Li Ion , NiCad batteries , Lead Acid Flywheels 2,500 4, , Super Capacitors ,

17 Chet Sandberg P.E