ABB Microgrids and Energy Storage. Nathan Adams, Director, Technology and Business Development

Transcription

1 ABB Microgrids and Energy Storage Nathan Adams, Director, Technology and Business Development

2 ABB Microgrids and Energy Storage Experience on all 7 Continents August 15, 2018 Slide 2

3 What is Energy Storage? Three Major Components 3) Automation/ Controls AC Output 2) Power Conversion System DC Output 1) Energy Storage Medium Battery Flywheel Capacitor Use Cases Frequency/ Voltage Support Peak Shaving Energy Shifting Spinning Reserve Renewable/Load Smoothing Applications Stabilizing distribution systems in with respect to distributed generation Transient load stabilization Power factor correction Distribution capacity deferral Peak demand reduction Microgrid August 15, 2018 Slide 3

4 Power Power vs Energy Every energy storage system has some unique combination of Power and Energy capability Power (AKA: front end, capacity, inverter, PCS) Measured in kw or kva Represents the instantaneous output limit of the storage system Energy (AKA: back end, modules, racks, batteries) Measured in kwh or amp-hours Represents the total amount of energy in the storage medium Frequency Regulation Power Quality Ramp Rate Control Spin Reserve Shifting Shaving Millseconds-seconds minutes hours Time August 15, 2018 Slide 4

5 Energy storage media Various types of methods of storing energy Mechanical Thermo-dynamic Electromechanical Electromagnetic Gravitation Pumped hydro Kinetic Flywheel Heat Thermo-electric Pressure Compressed air (CAES) Pressure heat Adiabatic CAES Batteries Lead acid NiCd NaS NaNiCl Lithium Ni-MH Metal Air Flow Cells Vanadium ZnBr PSBr Electric Capacitors supercaps Magnetic Super-conducting (SMES) Hydrogen Electrolyzer and fuel cell August 15, 2018 Slide 5

6 Energy Storage Media Define what it must do, not what it must be Power Application Energy Application *Courtesy of Sandia August 15, 2018 Slide 6

7 Conversion and Automation Where the Rubber Meets the Road Inverter: Device that converts DC to AC and vice versa Critical considerations Voltage vs current source Voltage and frequency range Power and overload capabilities Cooling requirements Efficiency Automation Controls capability to enable energy storage use Functionalities desired Parameters Latency is critical

8 Hierarchy of the battery solution Cell Modules Rack Battery Container August 15, 2018 Slide 8

9 Battery system definitions C Rate C-rate - Discharge or Charge rate. Capacity of cell (or battery) divided by 1 hour. 1MWh battery will deliver 1MW for 1 hour (1C) 1MWh battery will deliver 2MW for 30 min (2C) 1MWh battery will deliver 500kW for 2 hours (C/2) C Rate depends on the capability of the module! August 15, 2018 Slide 9

10 Battery Energy Storage Key Considerations kwh (energy) rating Output power (kw) C-Rate Voltage level Max/Min SOC Round trip efficiency Self Discharge Degradation curve Energy throughput Average depth of discharge Average resting SOC Average C rate Rack dimensions Temperature requirements August 15, 2018 Slide 10

11 Battery Market: Current Status Supply/Demand out of alignment Situation: Global demand for lithium ion modules outstripping supply Korean subsidies Automotive batteries Cobalt demand causing price inflation (up over 100% since beginning of 2017) Market Result: Lead times have skyrocketed Prices have risen OEMs demanding minimum order sizes Pricing now tied to commodity indices August 15, 2018 Slide 11

12 Shifting and Shaving Baltimore Gas & Electric About the Project Project name: Coldsprings BESS Location: Baltimore, MD Customer: BG&E Solution The resulting Storage system consists of: PowerStore Battery (1 MW/1 MWh) Future increase to 4MW/4MWh Customer Benefits Reduce peak loading on Coldsprings substation to defer upgrades for several years due to demand growth Allow for future growth of storage at site to continue deferral Provide platform for utility to test ability to monetize energy storage in regional markets This storage solution will shave peak loads on the BG&E Coldsprings substation and shift battery charging to off peak hours which will defer otherwise required upgrades. August 15, 2018 Slide 12

13 References Ancillary power system services Kodiak Island, grid stabilizing system ABB solution Deliver two PowerStore-flywheel units to stabilize the power grid and increase renewable energy Customer benefits Provide voltage and frequency support for a new crane Extend the life of the battery systems by up to 6 years Help to manage the intermittencies from a 9 MW wind farm Reduced reliance on diesel generators Project name Kodiak Island Country Alaska, United State of America Customer Kodiak Electric Association (KEA) Completion date Completed in 2015 About the project Two PowerStores act in parallel in order to deliver optimal grid stabilization on Kodiak island Not only will the ABB PowerStores allow us to shave the peaks off our cranes load, it will also reduce the stresses placed on our battery systems and extend their lifespans, which was a key deciding factor to move forward with this project. Darron Scott, president and CEO of Kodiak Electric Association August 15, 2018 Slide 13 ABB

14 Urban communities AusNet Services, PowerStore/Diesel ABB solution The resulting microgird system consists of: PowerStore Battery (1 MW/ 1 MWh) Microgrid Plus Control System Diesel (1 x 1 MW) Project name AusNet Services GESS Location Victoria, Australia Customer AusNet Services Completion date 2014 Customer benefits Active and reactive power support during high demand periods Transition into isolated/off-grid operation on command or in emergency cases without supply interruption Delay of power line investments Mobile/transportable About the project First Embedded Generation system with Battery Grid Energy Storage for distribution network support in Australia August 15, 2018 Slide 14 ABB Web Story

15 Island utilities Jamaica Public Service (JPS), PowerStore, Flywheel About the Project Project name: JPS Grid Stability Location: Jamaica Customer: Jamaica Public Service Solution The resulting Microgrid system consists of: PowerStore Battery (21.5 MW / 16.6 MWh) PowerStore Flywheel ((3 x 1) MW / 16.5 MWs) Customer Benefits Provides renewable smoothing for four separate wind and solar sites Ensures grid stability through frequency and voltage management The project will be the largest hybrid flywheel/battery energy storage system in the world August 15, 2018 Slide 15

16 Renewable Integration

17 Operational Implications of High Renewable Penetration Associated Challenge System Impact Conventional Adaptation 1) More transients/higher net load volatility Frequency deviations Under-frequency trips Increase spin reserve Increase regulating reserves Curtail renewable generation Load shed 2) Mismatch of T&D and Generation location Localized voltage deviations Added reactive power at main bus Cap bank installation 3) Highly coincident intermittent generation Net load below min gen set-points Curtail renewable generation Time of use/real time pricing Month DD, YYYY

18 Addressing the Challenges through Automation and Storage Dispatch Automation Economic Real Time Stabilization Smoothing Frequency Voltage Energy Shifting Moving Excess energy Increasing Renewable Penetration Month DD, YYYY

19 Energy storage applications Frequency regulation Description Used to reconcile momentary differences between generation and loads. The energy storage system is charged or discharged in response to an increase or decrease, respectively, of grid frequency Response time Requires instant response on a second-by second basis to maintain grid frequency at 60Hz Benefit Increases reliable operation of the grid Reduces the need for additional generation facilities (expensive to operate and maintain) August 15, 2018 Slide 19

20 Energy storage applications Ramp Rate Control Description Smoothes the output and controls the ramp rate (MW/min) to eliminate rapid voltage and power swings on the electrical grid often caused by intermittent sources (wind/solar) Response time Requires instant charge and discharging capabilities (generally within seconds) Benefit Increases reliability of the grid Improves efficiency of the renewable plant Enable grid code compliance August 15, 2018 Slide 20

21 Energy storage applications Power Quality Description Energy storage with reactive power capability can instantly inject or absorb reactive power into the grid to regulate voltages and improve power quality Response time Requires instant charge & discharging of reactive power (Vars) Benefit Increases reliability of the grid Improves power factor Enhances grid efficiency August 15, 2018 Slide 21

22 Energy storage applications Spinning reserve Description The energy storage system is maintained at a level of charge ready to respond to a generation or transmission outage Response time Requires a response time within minutes to compensate until back up power supply can come online Benefit Minimizes the impacts from power outages Reduces need for generation sources to be online and ready to use (lower O&M costs as well as emissions) August 15, 2018 Slide 22

23 Energy storage applications Load shifting Description Load shifting involves storing power during periods of light loading on the system and delivering it during periods of high demand Response time Long duration application that requires sufficient storage capacity (generally one more hour) Benefit Reduce T&D congestion Renewables time shifting Postponement of investment in T&D upgrades August 15, 2018 Slide 23

24 Energy storage applications Peak shaving Description Peak shaving is similar to load leveling, but may be for the purpose of reducing peak demand for the electricity consumer Response time Short duration application that requires ability for fast discharging (generally measured in minutes) Benefit Customers can save on their utility bills by reducing peak demand charges Utilities can reduce the operational costs meeting peak demand August 15, 2018 Slide 24

25 Q&A and Contact information If you have questions, please contact me further Speakers Nathan Adams ABB Microgrid Solutions August 15, 2018 Slide 25

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