RETROFIT SERVICES USEFUL CONVERSIONS METRIC - IMPERIAL CONVERSION TABLES INDEX. Exit

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1 METRIC - IMPERIAL CONVERSION TABLES

2 ITEM I N D E X PAGE Multiplying factors 3 Area 4 Volume 5 Specific Volume 7 Density 8 Length 9 Pressure 10 Weight - Mass 13 Heat - Power - Force 16 Thermal Conductivity 20 Thermal Conductance 20 Thermal Resistance 20 Thermal Capacity 21 Latent Heat 21 Specific Heat 21 Calorific Value 21 Heat Release Rate 22 Heat Flux Density 22 Torque 22 Moment Of Inertia 22 Momentum 23 Fuel Consumption 23 Velocity - Acceleration - Angles 24 Temperature 26 Flow 26 Viscosity (Dynamic) 28 Viscosity (Kinematic) 29 Viscosity (Formulae) 29 Fouling Factor 30 Vapour Permeance 30 Vapour Resistance 30 Vapour Permeability 30 Vapour Resistivity 30 Luminance 31 Illumination 31 Electric Stress 31 Pump Formulae 32 Pump-Flow Characteristics 32 Pump Head - Specific Gravity 32

3 Page 3 MULTIPLYING FACTORS NAME SYMBOL FACTOR exa E 1018 peta P 1015 tera T 1012 giga G 109 mega M 106 kilo k 103 hecto h 102 deca da 101 deci d 10-1 centi c 10-2 milli m 10-3 micro mu 10-6 nano n 10-9 pico p femto f atto a 10-18

4 Page 4 AREA acre m 2 acre Hectares centares 1 1 m 2 circular mill x10-6 mm 2 cm in 2 ft m 2 ft in 2 ft x10-3 cm 3 Hectares m 2 Hectares ft 2 in mm 2 in cm 2 in x m 2 Km x10-3 acres Km mile 2 m yd 2 rood m 2 sq. chain x10-3 m 2 sq.mile km 2 sq.mile Hectare yd m 2

5 Page 5 VOLUME CAPACITY Barrels (US) m 3 Barrels US Gal Barrels x10-3 Litres Board foot dm 3 Bushels ft3 Bushels litre (dm3) Chaldron m 3 Cord m 3 cm ft3 cm in 3 cm yd 3 cm US gall cm imp.gall cm litres Drachm (Fl) cm 3 Ft m 3 ft cm 3 ft in 3 ft yd 3 ft US gall. ft imp.gall. ft litres Gill litres imp gall cm 3 imp gall litre (dm 3 ) imp gall m 3 imp gall ft 3 imp gall yd 3 imp gall US gall imp gall lb H 2 O@82 o f in m 3 in cm 3 in litres in ft 3 in yd 3 in US gall. in imp.gall. Next

6 Page 6 VOLUME - CAPACITY lbh 2 O@60 o f cm 3 lbh 2 O@60 o f litre lbh 2 O@60 o f ft 3 lbh 2 O@60 o f in 3 lbh 2 O@60 o f US gall litre (1901) dm 3 litre (1964) 1 1 dm 3 litre cm 3 litre ft 3 litre in 3 litre yd 3 litre US gall litre imp gall litre pints litre Gill m litre m ft 3 m in 3 m yd 3 m US gall m UK gall Minim mm 3 Peck litre (dm 3 ) Petrograd Std m 3 Pint litre quarts (dry) cm 3 quarts (dry) in 3 quarts (liq) cm 3 quarts (liq) in 3 quarts (liq) litre (dm 3 ) UK fld oz cm 3 US brls.liq m 3 US brls.liq US galls.liq. US brls.petr m 3 US brls.petr US galls.oil US fld oz litres US fld oz in 3 Previous Next

7 Page 7 VOLUME - CAPACITY US gall cm 3 US gall litre (dm 3 ) US gall m 3 US gall in 3 US gall ft 3 US gall yd 3 US gall pint(us)liq US gall quart(us)liq US gall imp gall US gall lbh2o@60of(air) US gall lbh2o@60of(vac) yd m 3 yd litres yd cm 3 yd ft3 yd in 3 yd US gal yd imp gall SPECIFIC VOLUME ft 3 /ton l/kg ft 3 /lb l/kg ft 3 /lb m 3 /kg gal/lb (IMP) l/kg gal/lb (US) l/kg in 3 /lb cm 3 /kg Previous

8 Page 8 60 o F grains/us gall g/m 3 grains/us gall ppm (by wth 2 0) grains/us gall x10-3 lbs/ o F grains/imp.gal g/m 3 grains/imp.gal ppm (by wth 2 O) grains/100ft g/m 3 grams/cm lb/ft 3 grams/cm lb/in 3 grams/litre grains/usgal grams/litre lb/100 USgal grams/litre lb/ft 3 grams/litre x10-4 PPM (mass in H 2 60 o F) kg/m lb/ft 3 lb/ft kg/m 3 lb/ft g/cm 3 lb/ft x lb/in 3 lb/in x kg/m 3 lb/in g/cm 3 lb/in x10-4 lb/ft 3 lb/in Mg/m 3 lb/gal (IMP) kg/l lb/gal (US) kg/l oz/gal g/l PPM by mass gram/m o C PPM by mass gr/usgal@60 o F PPM by mass gr/impgal@62 o F PPM by mass lbs/10 6 USgal ton/yd x10-4 kg/m 3 ton/yd t/m 3 slug/ft x10-3 kg/m 3

9 Page 9 LENGTH chain m chain(eng.) m cm in fathoms m fathoms ft feet m feet cm feet in feet yds furlong km inches mm inches cm iron mm km mile link m metre ft metre in metre yds micrometres 1x m micrometres microinches miles x10-4 m miles km miles(naut) km mm in Pole m Perch m Rod m thou micrometres yards m

10 Page 10 PRESSURE Atmosphere kpa Atmosphere psia Atmosphere cm Hg Atmosphere in Hg Atmosphere ft H 2 O Atmosphere Bar a. Atmosphere kg/cm 2 a. Atmosphere tonf/ft 2 a. Atmosphere torr=mmhg Bar kpa Bar psi Bar ft H 2 O Bar in Hg Bar kg/cm 2 Bar Atmosphere Bar tonf/ft 2 Bar torr=mm Hg FtH 2 O@68 o F kpa FtH 2 O x10-4 N/m 2 FtH 2 O Bar FtH 2 O in Hg FtH 2 O kg/cm 2 FtH 2 O lbf/ft 2 FtH 2 O psi FtH 2 O Atmosphere FtH 2 O mh 2 O In Hg@0 o C kpa In Hg x10-4 N/m 2 In Hg mbar In Hg Bar In Hg fth 2 O In Hg inh 2 O In Hg kg/cm 2 In Hg lbf/ft 2 In Hg psi In Hg Atmosphere Next

11 Page 11 PRESSURE Inch w.g kpa Inch w.g x10-3 N/m 2 Inch w.g Bar Inch w.g Inch Hg. Inch w.g kg/cm 2 Inch w.g Ozf/in 2 Inch w.g Lbf/ft 2 Inch w.g psi Inch w.g Atmos. Inch w.g mbar kg/cm kpa kg/cm Bar kg/cm fth 2 O@68 F kg/cm in Hg@0 C kg/cm lbf/ft 2 kg/cm psi kg/cm Atmosphere kgf/mm MPa kgf/mm kgf/m 2 kpa Pa=N/m 2 kpa psi kpa kg/cm 2 kpa in Hg@32 F kpa fth 2 O@68 F kpa inh 2 O@68 F Previous Next

12 Page 12 PRESSURE Lb/ft kg/m 2 Lbf/ft Pa (N/m 2 ) Lbf/ft fth 2 O Lbf/ft kg/cm 2 Lbf/ft psi Lbf/in N/m 2 Lbf/in mbar MPa 1x10 6 1x10-6 Pa=N/m 2 MPa 1x10 3 1x10-3 kpa MPa psi MPa kgf/mm 2 N/m x lb/in 2 KN/m lb/in 2 KN/m in Hg Ozf/in Pa Ozf/in psi Ozf/in gf/cm 2 Pa 1 1 N/m 2 Pa psi Pa kg/cm 2 Pa kpa Pa inh 2 O pdl/ft N/m 2 Psi x10-4 Pa Psi kpa Psi Atmosphere Psi fth 2 O@68 F Psi inh 2 O@68 F Psi in Hg@0 C Psi kg/cm 2 Psi Bar Psi mbar Tonf/ft kn/m 2 Tonf/in MN/m 2 Previous

13 Page 13 WEIGHTS - MASS Cwt kg Drachm grams Drams grams Drams grains Drams oz. Grains Av/troy grams Grains Av/troy mg Grains Av/troy carat (Metric) Grams oz (Av) Grams oz (troy) Grams lb Grams Drachm Grams Scruple Grams Carat (Met) Grams Grain kg oz. kg lb kg Stone kg Slug kg Ctl kg Cwt kg ton (short) lbs H 2 O ft 3 lbs H 2 O in 3 Next

14 Page 14 WEIGHTS - MASS oz (Apoth) 1 1 oz (troy) oz (Av) grams oz (Av) tonnes oz (Av) drams (Av) oz (Av) grains oz (Av) lb oz (Av) oz (troy) oz (Av) ton (long) oz (troy) grams oz (troy) grains oz (troy) pennywts(troy) oz (troy) lb (troy) oz (troy) lb (Av) oz (troy) oz (Av) Pennyweights Grams (Troy) Grains Pounds (Av.) Grams Pounds (Av.) kg Pounds (Av.) Ounces av. Pounds (Av.) Drams av. Pounds (Av.) Grains Pounds (Av.) Tons (Short) Pounds (Av.) Pounds troy Pounds (Troy) Grams Pounds (Troy) Ounces (Troy) Pounds (Troy) Pennyweights Pounds (Troy) Grains Pounds (Troy) Pounds Av. Pounds (Troy) Ounces Av. Pounds (Troy) Tons (Long) Pounds (Troy) Tons (Short) Pounds (Troy) Tonnes (metric) Previous Next

15 Page 15 WEIGHTS - MASS Quintals kg Quintals lbs USav Quintals lbs Argentina Quintals lbs Brazil Quintals lbs Chile Quintals lbs Mexico Quintals lbs Peru Scruple grain Slug kg Stone kg Ton (assay) g Tons (Long) kg Tons (Long) lbs av. Tons (Long) Tons (Short) Tonnes (Met) kg Tonnes (Met) lbs Tonnes (Met) Tons (Short) Tonnes (Met) Tons (Long) Tons (Short) kg Tons (Short) Tonnes (Met) Tons (Short) lbs av. Tons (Short) Ounnces Av. Tons (Short) lbs troy Tons (Short) Tons (Long) Previous

16 Page 16 HEAT OUTPUT / POWER / FORCE BTU Joules BTU ft-lbf BTU kcal BTU kgf-m BTU kw-h BTU hp-h BTU/hr Watts BTU/hr ft-lbf/s BTU/hr hp BTU/hr kcal/hr BTU/hr hk/ps Cal Joules Ft-lb Joules Ft-lbf/s Watts hk/ps KW hk/ps x10-3 kcal/h hk/ps x10-4 BTU/h Hp Watts Hp kw Hp x10-5 Ft-lbf/min Hp Ft-lbf/s Hp BTU/min Hp BTU/hr Hp kcal/min Hp kcal/hr Hp hk/ps Hp boiler x10-5 BTU/hr Hp boiler kw Next

17 Page 17 HEAT OUTPUT / POWER / FORCE Hp-h kw-h Hp-h Ft-lbf Hp-h BTU HP-h kcal Hp-h kgf-m Hp-h MJ Joules BTU Joules Cal Joules Ft-lbf Joules 2.778x W-h Joules Ergs kg-cal BTU kgf N kgf lbf kgf/m N/m kgf/m lbf/ft KJ w.h KJ BTU KJ kcal Kw Ft-lbf/min Kw Ft-lbf/s Kw BTU/min Kw x10-4 BTU/hr Kw kcal/min Kw x10-3 kcal/hr Kw Hp Kw hk/ps Kw Tons Refr. Previous Next

18 Page 18 HEAT OUTPUT / POWER / FORCE Kw-h 3.6x x10-7 Joules Kw-h 2.655x x10-7 ft-lbf Kw-h x10-4 BTU Kw-h x10-3 Kcal Kw-h 3.671x x10-6 kgf-m Kw-h hp-h lbf (Av) N lbf (Av) kgf lbf/in N/mm lbf/ft N/m lbf/ft kgf/m lbf/ft gf/cm N 1 1 kg m/s 2 N kgf N lbf N Poundals N Dynes ozf N pdl N Ton-f KN Ton-f/ft KN/m Tonnes-f x10-3 N Ton. Ref x10-5 BTU/hr Ton. Ref kw Ton. Ref x10-4 Kcal/hr Therm x10-3 MJ Previous Next

19 Page 19 HEAT OUTPUT / POWER / FORCE Watts BTU/min Watts BTU/Hr Watts ft-lbf/min Watts ft-lbf/s Watts 1.341x hp Watts Kcal/min Watt-h x10-4 Joules Watt-h BTU Watt-h x10-4 ft-lbf Watt-h 1.341x hp-h Watt-h Kcal Watt-h x10-3 kgf-m Previous

20 Page 20 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY Btu.ft/ft 2 h F W/m C Btu.ft/ft 2 h F W/cm. C Btu.ft/ft 2 h F kg.cal/m.h. C Btu.ft/ft 2 h F Btu.in/ft 2 h F Btu.ft/ft 2 h F 4.134x Cal.m/m 2.s. C Btu.in/ft 2 h F W/m C Btu.in/ft 2 h F 3.445x Cal.cm/cm 2.s. C Btu.in/ft 2 h F kg.cal/m.h. C Btu.in/ft 2 h F 1.442x W.cm/cm 2. C Btu.in/ft 2 s F x10-3 W/m C Cal/cm.s. C W/cm. C kg.cal/m.h. C 2.778x Cal.cm/cm 2.s. C kg.cal/m.h. C W/cm. C kcal/m.h. C W/m C THERMAL CONDUCTANCE Btu/ft 2.h F W/m 2 C Btu/ft 2.h F kcal/m 2.h. C kcal/m 2.h. C W/m 2 C THERMAL RESISTANCE Ft 2.h F/Btu.ft cm C/W Ft 2.h F/Btu.ft m C/W Ft 2.h F/Btu-in m K/W

21 Page 21 THERMAL CAPACITY Btu/ft 3 F KJ/m3 K LATENT HEAT Btu/lb J/g Btu/lb KJ/kg Btu/lb kcal/kg Ft.lbf/lb J/kg kcal/kg x10-4 KJ/kg SPECIFIC HEAT Btu/lb F KJ/kg C Btu/lb F J/g C Btu/lb F 1 1 kcal/kg C KJ/kg C kcal/kg C Ft.lbf/lb F J/kg C CALORIFIC VALUE Btu/ft J/cm 3 Btu/ft KJ/m 3 MJ/kg x10-3 kcal/kg MJ/kg x10-3 BTU/lb MJ/m BTU/ft 3 Therm/gal MJ/l

22 Page 22 HEAT RELEASE RATE Btu/ft 3.h W/m 3 HEAT FLUX DENSITY Btu/ft 2.h W/m 2 Btu/ft 2.h Kcal/m 2.h TORQUE Ft-lbf Nm Ft-lbf 1.285x BTU Ft-lbf 3.239x kcal Ft-lbf kgf-m Ft-lbf 5.05x hp-h Ft-lbf 3.77x kw-h lb.f.in Nm oz.f.in x Nm pdl.ft Nm ton.f.ft KNm MOMENT OF INERTIA lb.ft kg.m 2 lb.in kg.cm 2 oz.in kg.cm 2 slug.ft kg.m 2

23 Page 23 MOMENTUM lb.ft/s kg.m/s lb.ft2/s kg.m 2 /s ft m 4 in cm 4 FUEL CONSUMPTION gal/mile l/km Usgal/mile l/km

24 Page 24 VELOCITY / ACCELERATION / ANGLES cm/s ft/min cm/s ft/s cm/s km/h cm/s m/min cm/s mph Degrees Radians Degrees Minutes Degrees x10-4 Seconds Degrees Grade (gon) Degrees/s Rad/s Degrees/s r/min Degrees/s x r/s ft/min m/s ft/min cm/s ft/min km/h ft/min m/min ft/min ft/s ft/min mph ft/s m/s ft/s m/s 2 ft/s cm/s 2 in/s cm/s in/min cm/s in/min cm/min km/hr cm/s km/hr ft/s km/hr ft/min km/hr m/min km/hr knots km/hr mph Next

25 Page 25 VELOCITY / ACCELERATION / ANGLES km/hr/s m/s 2 km/hr/s cm/s 2 km/hr/s ft/s 2 km/s miles/min knots Km/h knots m/s knots mph m/min cm/s m/min km/h m/min ft/min m/min ft/s m/min mph m/s km/h m/s km/min m/s x10-3 ft/min m/s ft/s m/s mph m/s miles/min m/s ft/s 2 miles/min km/min miles/min x10-4 cm/s miles/min ft/s miles/min mph miles/hr Km/hr minutes 2.909x Radians radians degrees radians/s degrees/s Previous

26 Page 26 TEMPERATURE Rankine Kelvin FLOW cfm x10-3 cm 3 /s cfm m 3 /h cfm l/s cfm US gall/s cfm lbh 2 O/min@68 o F cfs m 3 /s cfs m 3 /min cfs x10-3 US gpm cfs US gpd igps l/s igpm 7.577x m 3 /s igpm l/s igph 1.26x m 3 /s igph l/s l/s m 3 /h l/s US gpm l/s igpm lb/h.ft x kg/m 2.s lb/hr 1.26x kg/s lb/hr kg/h lb/min 7.56x kg/s lb/s kg/s lbh 2 60 o F cm 3 /s lbh 2 60 o F 2.675x cfs Next

27 Page 27 FLOW m 3 /h l/s m 3 /h 2.778x m 3 /s m 3 /h US gpm m 3 /h UK psia & 60 o f scfm sl/s scfm sm 3 760mmHg & 0 o C tonsh 2 60 o F m 3 /h tonsh 2 60 o F lb/h H 2 O tonsh 2 60 o F US gpm tonsh 2 60 o F cfh ton/hr x10-4 kg/hr US gpm m 3 /h US gpm l/s US gpm cfh US gpm 2.228x cfs Previous

28 Page 28 VISCOSITY (DYNAMIC) centipoise lb/ft.h centipoise 1.02x kg.s/m 2 lbf.h/ft MN.s/m 2 lbf.s/ft N.s/m 2 lb.s/ft kg.s/m 2 lb.s/ft x10-5 Centipoise lb/ft.h 2.777x lb/ft.s lb/ft.h 8.621x lb.s/ft 2 lb/ft.h 4.214x kg.s/m 2 lb/ft.h Centipoise lb/ft.s kg/m.s lb/ft.s kg.s/m 2 lb/ft.s lb.s/ft 2 lb/ft.s x10-4 Centipoise pdl.s/ft N.s/m 2 pdl.s/ft x10-4 centipoise pdl.s/ft lb/ft.s poise 1 1 gm/cm 2 poise N.s/m 2 poise centipoise poise x lbf.s/ft 2 poise lb/ft.s poise x10-3 lb/ft.h poise kg.s/m 2 slug/ft.s kg/m.s Centistrokes = poise (poise = 100cp) = µpa.s x 100 S.G. 0.1 x 0.413

29 Page 29 VISCOSITY (KINEMATIC) ft 2 /h m 2 /h ft 2 /h centistokes ft 2 /s m 2 /s ft 2 /s centistokes in 2 /h cm 2 /h in 2 /s x10-3 centistokes stokes 1x m 2 /s stokes 1.076x ft 2 /s VISCOSITY FORMULAE K = kinematic viscosity - centistokes t = time of efflux - seconds E = Engler degrees Saybolt universal:- K x A = t When K > 70, then A = 100 F A = 130 F A = 210 F Redwood No. 1:- Redwood No. 1:- Redwood No. 2:- K = 0.264t - 190, when t = 40 to 85sec. t K = 0.247t - 65, when t = 85 to 2000sec. t t = 0.1 x Redwood No. 1 time Engler time:- K = 100 ( t ) OR t = 53E t Engler degrees:- K = E x 7.6^(1-1 ) t 3

30 Page 30 FOULING FACTOR Btu/ft 2.h. F W/m 2. C Btu/ft 2.h. F Kcal/m 2.h. C ft 2.h. F/btu x10-3 m 2 C/KW ft 2.h. F/btu m 2.h. C/Kcal VAPOUR PERMEANCE Gr/h.ft 2.inHg kg/gn.s VAPOUR RESISTANCE InHg.ft 2.h/gr GN.s/kg VAPOUR PERMEABILITY Gr.in/hft 2 inhg kg.m/gn.s VAPOUR RESISTIVITY InHgft 2 h/gr.in GN.s/kg.m

31 Page 31 LUMINANCE cd.sr 1 1 lumen Candle cd cd/ft cd/m 2 cd/in x10-4 cd/m 2 Foot.lambert cd/m 2 ILLUMINATION lm/ft lux (lm/m 2 ) lm/m lux (lm/m 2 ) Foot.candle lux (lm/m 2 ) ELECTRIC STRESS kv/in kv/mm kv/in kv/m kv/in 1 1 V/mil

32 Page 32 PUMP FORMULAE Power (KW) = m 3 /hr x Head (m) x S.G x Pump Efficiency B.H.P. = I.G.P.M. x Head (m) x S.G. 33,000 x Pump Efficiency Elect. H.P = B.H.P. E.H.P = KW Motor Eff PUMP-FLOW CHARACTERISTICS GPM 2 2 x HEAD 1 = HEAD 2 GPM 1 HEAD ½ 2 x GPM 1 = GPM 2 HEAD 1 PUMP HEAD - SPECIFIC GRAVITY Atmospheres S.G. Metres S.G Bar 10.2 S.G. Metres S.G Cm.Hg S.G. Metres S.G Feet Metres In.Hg S.G. Metres S.G Kg/cm 2 10 S.G. Metres S.G 10 KN/m S.G. Metres S.G. 10.2