Fundamentals of Small Gas Engines
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1 Fundamentals of Small Gas Engines Objectives: Describe the four-stroke cycle engine operation and explain the purpose of each stroke Explain the concept of valve timing Describe two-stroke engine operation and explain the principles of two-cycle operation List the advantages and disadvantages of two-cycle and four-cycle engines
2 Engine Type Jig Saw Each group will be assigned an engine type. Using the Dry-Erase board, create a Poster with the following: Drawing of an example of your engine Describe how your engine functions Year that your engine was invented Uses of your engine
3 Combustion Engine Types External Combustion Separate the heat source from the source of power. Drives a turbine which provides power for use Examples: Steam & Stirling engines Internal Combustion the combustion of a fuel is used to push a piston within an cylinder mechanical power moves the other parts of the drive train
4 Seven main types of internal combustion engines 2 stroke cycle 4 stroke cycle Compression (diesel) Rotary Rocket Gas Turbine Jet Otto
5 4 Stroke Engine
6 Common uses of Four-Strokes Automobiles ATV s (4 wheelers) Snowmobiles Snowblowers Lawnmowers Motorcycles
7 The Basics A four-stroke engine: Is an internal combustion engine Converts gasoline into motion Is the most common car engine type Is relatively efficient Is relatively inexpensive
8 Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Parts
9 Function of Parts A. Intake Valve- opens at the proper time to let in air and fuel. B. Valve Cover- Protects the valves and the valve springs. Keeps dirt out and lubricating oil in. C. Intake Port- the passageway in a cylinder head for the fuel and air to pass through. D. Head- a platform containing most of the parts of the combustion chamber. E. Coolant- circulating water and antifreeze to keep the temperature regulated. F. Engine Block- cast in one piece. The basis for most of the parts of the engine.
10 Function of Parts G. Oil Pan- where the oil is collected and recirculated. H. Oil Sump- the collected oil primarily for lubricating the crankshaft and rod bearing I. Camshaft- a round shaft with lobes, that rotates to open and close the fuel and exhaust valves. J. Exhaust Valve- open at the proper time to release the exhaust K. Spark Plug- a device, inserted into the combustion chamber for firing an electrical spark to ignite air-fuel mixture L. Exhaust Port- the passageway in a cylinder head, for the exhaust to pass through
11 Function of Parts M. Piston- the part of the engine that moves up and down in the cylinder converting the gasoline into motion N. Connecting Rod- links the piston to the crankshaft. O. Rod Bearing- used to reduce friction to the rod and crankshaft P. Crankshaft- converts the up and down motion of the piston into a turning, or rotating motion
12 How does a 4 stroke engine work?
13 INTAKE COMPRESSION POWER EXHAUST
14 Four-Stroke Cycles These four strokes require two revolutions of the crankshaft. The process continuously repeats itself during the operation of the engine. Thus the engine only fires once every four strokes or every second time the piston reaches the top of its travel.
15 2 Stroke Engines
16 Common uses of Two-Strokes Chain saws Lawn cutters Snowmobiles Outboard motors Dirt bikes
17 Parts of a Two Stroke Engine
18 How do 2 stroke engines work?
19 2 stroke engine
20 Stroke Piston Direction Actions Occurring during This Stroke Explanation Stroke 1 Piston travels up the cylinder barrel Induction & Compression As the Piston travels up the barrel, fresh fuel/air mix is sucked into the crankcase (bottom of the engine) & the fuel/air mix in the cylinder (top of the engine) is compressed ready for ignition Stroke 2 Piston travels down the cylinder barrel Ignition & Exhaust The spark plug ignites the fuel/air mix in the cylinder, the resulting explosion pushes the piston back down to the bottom of the cylinder, as the piston travels down, the transfer port openings are exposed & the fresh fuel/air mix is sucked from the crankcase into the cylinder. As the fresh fuel/air mix is drawn into the cylinder, it forces the spent exhaust gases out through the exhaust port.
21 2 Stroke vs. 4 - Stroke Comparison
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