Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines
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1 Chapter 14 Small Gas Engines Use the Textbook Pages to help answer the questions
2
3 Why You Learn So Well in Tech & Engineering Classes
4 1. Internal combustion make heat by burning a fuel & air mixture inside of their cylinder. Pg. 321 Motors Engines Cars
5 2. The engine s is a precisely machined hole through which the piston moves. Pg. 321 Cylinder Crankshaft Piston
6 3. The 2 main types of small gas engines are the stroke cycle & the stroke cycle. Pg. 323 Four & Two Six & Eight Rotary & Orbital
7 4. The is the component that converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into more useful rotary motion for output. Pg. 323 Camshaft Crankshaft Balance Shaft
8 5. The slides back & forth in the cylinder and is fastened to the crankshaft by the connecting rod. Pg. 323 Cylinder Block Piston
9 6. A is one movement of the piston, from either TDC to BDC or from BDC to TDC. Pg. 324 Stroke Bore Displacement
10 7. Fuel burns better when it is : broken into little particles & mixed with air. Pg. 324 Atomized Mixture Atomized Pulverized Mesmerized
11 8. TDC stands for: (at the top of it s travel in the cylinder) Pg. 324 & 325 Top Dead Center Out of Center Bottom Dead Center
12 9. BDC stands for: (at the bottom of its travel in the cylinder) Pg. 324 & 325 Top Dead Center Out of Center Bottom Dead Center
13 10. The combustion is the area in the engine where the air & fuel burns. Pg. 324 & 326 Chamber Crankcase Dungeon
14 11. The engine compression is mathematically determined by dividing BDC volume by TDC volume. Pg. 325 Pressure Ratio Expansion
15 A top notch automotive student knows everything about the 4 stroke cycle!
16 12. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The fresh air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º [ ] ignited by heat Pg. 324
![13. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed](/docs-images/81/82846776/images/17-0.jpg "The air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg.")
17 13. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg. 324
18 14. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The burning air & fuel mixture: [ ] pushes the piston down [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg. 324
19 15. During the stroke, The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The spent air & fuel mixture is: [ ] lit on fire [ ] compressed [ ] exhausted The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º Pg. 324
20 16. Engines have systems to keep them running at peak performance: The system uses either air or liquid to maintain proper operating temperature The system either splashes or pumps oil throughout to reduce friction The system converts the force of expanding fuel & air into motion The system generates the high voltage spark to ignite the air & fuel The system keeps the engine running at desired RPM regardless of load The system uses either a carburetor or an injection system to control the air & fuel mix Word Bank: Lubrication Cooling Mechanical Electrical/Ignition Fuel Governor Pgs
21 17. Engines can be said to work off of a very basic model known as the. *
22 18. If an engine is not starting or is not performing up to specifications, 2 basic tests should be done: Test & Test Fuel & Air Pressure Rotation & Power Spark & Compression Pg. 341 & 342
23 19.Small engines are Big polluters! It is estimated that mowing lawn or blowing snow for ½ hour will produce as many harmful exhaust emissions as driving a car for miles! That s 7,000,000 tons of air pollution yearly just in the United States. 1,000,000 Miles 172 Miles 10 or 15 Miles Pg. 342 Note: Ground level ozone is known as smog.
24 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Main Ideas 2 Column Notes Supporting Details Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests
25 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Highlight Your Study Guides Before Tests Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests
26 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Read 3 Times Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests
27 Important Concepts, Definitions & Terms to Know TOP CRISS Ask Yourself These Questions Class Notes & Priority Items to Know for Tests
28 Engines produce heat by burning a fuel Internal Combustion Engines burn the fuel inside of them External Combustion Engines burn the fuel outside Impulse Turbine Reaction turbine
29 Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Electric
30 Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Hydraulic
31 Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Pneumatic
32 Engines vs. Motors Motors can be Vacuum
33 Cylinder: Precisely Machined Hole for Piston Crankshaft: Main Shaft Changes Reciprocating Motion to Rotary Motion Piston: Slides Up & Down in the Cylinder
34 Camshaft: Operates the Poppet Valves Poppet Valves: Open & Close the Intake & Exhaust Ports Lifters or Tappets or Cam Followers: Fit Between Valve Stems & Cam
35 Bore: Cylinder Diameter Stroke: Length of Piston Travel Distance from TDC to BDC One Piston Movement Up or Down Displacement: Total Cylinder Volume
36 TDC: Top Dead Center BDC: Bottom Dead Center Combustion Chamber: Space Where Fuel & Air Is Burned Located Above the Piston & Below the Head
37 Atomization: Breaking Fuel into Small Particles & Mixing it with Air Fuel & Air in a Mist Form Vaporization: Fuel & Air in a Cloud Form
38 During the stroke (1 st ) Self Quiz The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The fresh air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed [ ] ignited by heat The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
39 During the stroke (2 nd ) Self Quiz The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The air & fuel mixture is: [ ] drawn in by engine vacuum [ ] compressed to raise its temperature [ ] ignited by heat The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
40 During the stroke (3 rd ) The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC Self Quiz [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The compressed air & fuel mixture is: [ ] being exhausted [ ] compressed [ ] ignited by heat of spark The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
41 During the stroke (4 th ) The piston moves: [ ] upward BDC to TDC Self Quiz [ ] downward TDC to BDC The intake valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The exhaust valve is: [ ] open [ ] closed The spent air & fuel mixture is: [ ] being compressed [ ] compressed [ ] forced out of the cylinder The crankshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º The camshaft revolves: [ ] 180º [ ] 90º
42 Systems of the engine include: (MI FLEECE) or (ME FEEL ICE) Mechanical Ignition = Spark Fuel Lubrication Exhaust Electrical = Charging & Starting Cooling Emission Control Electronic Engine Controls
43 Mechanical System
44 Ignition System
45 Fuel System Energy, Power & Transportation Technology
46 Lubrication System
47 Exhaust System
48 Electric Charging System
49 Electric Starting System 110 Volt 12 Volt
50 Cooling System Air Cooled Liquid Cooled
51 Emission Control System Exhaust Induction Crankcase Evaporative
52 Self Quiz
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56
57
58
59
60
61
62 Air Fuel Fire Triangle Heat 1) Compression 2) Spark
63 2 Stroke Cycle 1 power stroke every crank revolution
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68 D. Self Quiz B. C. A.
69
70 2 Stroke Cycle Reed Valve Induction
71 2 Stroke Cycle Piston Port Induction
72 Loop Scavenged 2 Stroke Cycle
73
74 Expansion chamber to control scavenging
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unit 10 lubricating systems
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