THE FOUR STROKE CYCLE BUT HOW DOES IT WORK EXACTLY? LET S LOOK IN MORE DETAIL 1. INDUCTION SUCK 2. COMPRESSION 3. COMBUSTION 4.
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1 THE FOUR STROKE CYCLE BUT HOW DOES IT WORK EXACTLY? WE KNOW ABOUT:- WHICH WE KNOW AS:- LET S LOOK IN MORE DETAIL 1. INDUCTION SUCK 2. COMPRESSION 3. COMBUSTION 4. EXHAUST SQUEEZE BANG BLOW
2 Inlet valve opens Lead Lag Valve overlap AND RELATE IT TO THIS DIAGRAM Lag valve closes 2 compression Charge ignited 4 BANG BLOW SQUEEZE SUCK 30 Power 3 1 Induction WE LL SEE A STEP BY STEP EXPLAINATION OF THIS DIAGRAM Inlet valve closes Lag Lead valve opens PROPULSION 33-11
3 AND THIS DIAGRAM 1 Down Up 4 INDUCTION (first downstroke) - Inlet valve open - Piston moves down the cylinder (from to ) - Fuel air mixture (the charge) is drawn into the cylinder EXHAUST (second upstroke) - valve open - Piston moves back up the cylinder (from to ) -The burnt (exhaust) gases, having now performed their useful work on the Power Stroke, escape into the atmosphere via the exhaust pipe. COMPRESSION(first upstroke) - Both valves are closed - Piston moves back up the 2 cylinder (from to ) - Fuel air mixture is compressed into the top of the cylinder (the combustion chamber). COMBUSTION (second downstroke) - Both valves are closed - Spark occurs, igniting the compressed fuel/air mixture - Rapid expansion of the burning mixture forces the piston back down the cylinder (from to ). Up 3 Down 1 Stroke = the piston sliding either up or down the cylinder Therefore a Four Stroke engine is 2 revs of the crankshaft
4 PISTON MOVES DOWN CYLINDER AIR/FUEL DRAWN (INDUCED - SUCKED) INTO CYLINDER CRANK ROTATES STROKE 1
5 PISTON AIR/FUEL TRAPPED MOVES (COMPRESSED BACK UP CYLINDER - SQUEEZED) IN CYLINDER CRANK CONTINUES TO ROTATE STROKE 2
6 PISTON FORCED DOWN CYLINDER AIR/FUEL IGNITED AND BURNS (COMBUSTION - BLOW) IN CYLINDER CRANK STARTS 2ND ROTATION STROKE 3
7 PISTON MOVES BACK UP CYLINDER AGAIN BURNT AIR/FUEL PUSHED OUT OF CYLINDER (EXHAUST BLOW) CRANK CONTINUES 2 ND ROTATION STROKE 4
8 It is of course the start of the induction stroke And the whole process starts again When the end of the exhaust stroke is reached
9 But :- Because valves don t open and close instantly, and the air/fuel mixture doesn t explode instantly (it s a rapid burning process) valve operation and air/fuel ignition isn t set at the and positions. These events are set to occur at the following positions, designated as angular positions of the crank shaft.
10 We ll start the process at 30 degrees before The start of Induction Stroke 1 At which point, the Inlet valve begins to open
11 Inlet valve opens The start of Compression Stroke 2 The induction stroke ends at 15 degrees after. When the Inlet valve closes 1. Induction Trapping the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder Inlet valve closes Called Valve Lag because it is after
12 Ignition occurs at 30 degrees before. Inlet valve opens The start of Power Stroke 3 At this point, both valves are closed Ignition 2. Compression 1. Induction Inlet valve closes And is the start of the Power stroke
13 Inlet valve opens Ignition The start of Stroke 4 Burning air/fuel mixture reaches maximum expansion And is the end of the Power stroke and start of the stroke 15 degrees before, the exhaust valve opens 2. Compression 1. Induction 3. Power Called Valve Lead because it is before Inlet valve closes valve opens
14 Inlet valve opens The end of Stroke 4 This position is towards the end of the stroke the inlet valve starts to open So as the exhaust valve starts to close, Ignition 2. Compression Induction 3. Power And is ALSO the beginning of the Induction stroke Inlet valve closes valve opens
15 Inlet valve opens This is called Valve Overlap Valve Overlap - Stroke 4 to 1 valve closes Both the inlet and exhaust valves are partially open Ignition 2. Compression Induction 3. Power Inlet valve closes valve opens Therefore the Induction stroke starts 45 degrees before the end of the stroke
16 Inlet valve opens The start of Induction Stroke 1 This position is at the end of the exhaust stroke valve closes The inlet valve is now open The exhaust valve is now closed Ignition 2. Compression Induction 3. Power Inlet valve closes valve opens And is 45 degrees into the induction stroke
17 Lag Inlet valve opens Lead Valve overlap Lag valve closes Simple isn t it! Charge ignited Suck 30 2 compression 4 Power 3 1 Induction Squeeze Bang Inlet valve closes Lag Lead valve opens Blow PROPULSION 33-11
18 But, this is happening in every cylinder in all 4 stroke engines no matter how many cylinders there are. Lets look at the most typical vehicle engine, the Inline 4
19 the front And The the firing cylinders order are is:- numbered 1 3 from 4-2 to the rear
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