ESCONDIDO FIRE DEPARTMENT TRAINING MANUAL DRIVER OPERATOR PUMPING PAGE 1 OF 6 Nozzles & Hose Revised

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1 PUMPING PAGE 1 OF 6 TFT Task Force Tip Combination Nozzles There are two sizes of hand line nozzles, 1 ½ and 2 ½. Our 1 ½ nozzles are Task Force Tip (TFT) combination nozzles. They are primarily designed for structure fire attack and are carried on t he 1 ¾ transverse pre-connects and 1 ¾ bundles. The GPM selections available are OFF, 30, 60, 95,125,150, 175 (KK Only), 200, and FLUSH at 100 PSI nozzle pressure. The default GPM in Escondido is 95 GPM. Any change to the GPM must be communicated with the Engineer. Other departments in the zone use 150 as the default GPM. The storage settings are 30- degree fog, 95 GPM with the bail off. The 2 ½ combination nozzles are Akron nozzles. They are primarily designed for structure fire attack. They are located in a compartment and must be retrieved for use. The GPM selections are 125, 150, and 200, 250 and FLUSH at 100 PSI nozzle pressure. The default GPM setting in the zone is 250 GPM. Any change to the GPM must be communicated with the Engineer. The storage settings are 30-degree fog and 250 GPM. Break Away Feature Both the 1 ½ and 2 ½ combination nozzles have the ability to separate the nozzle tip from the shut off while the line is charged. This feature can be used to extend with another section of hose. When extending a line the nozzle tip has an OFF position and may be used independently from the shut off butt. The other purpose of the breakaway feature is only used when flushing doesn t remove an obstruction and immediate water application is needed for firefighter safety. The Captain should immediately call for a second line and move to a position of safety until the obstruction can be cleared. Smooth Bore Nozzles Escondido currently does not carry 1 ½ smooth bore nozzles for structure fire attack. When used as structure nozzles, the 1 ½ smooth bore tip sizes are either 7/8 or 15/16 and flow 150 GPM and 180 GPM respectively.

2 PUMPING PAGE 2 OF 6 Break Away The 2 ½ smooth bore nozzles are carried in a compartment next to the 2 ½ Combination nozzle. The tip sizes are 1, 1 1/8 and 1 ¼ flowing 210, 270, and 330 GPM respectively at 50 PSI nozzle pressure. Note: the ¾ tip on the Stang/Monitor is for wild land only and should be removed for structure attack. When removed it leaves the 1 ½ tip which will flow 600 GPM at 80 PSI. When used for wild land it is pumped at 50 PSI flowing 119 GPM. This allows for approximately 2 1/2 minutes of tank water. The Captain may order a higher nozzle pressure for larger GPM flows but must be aware this will lessen the time it can be used. Pattern Combination nozzles are capable of a straight stream of 10 degrees to a full fog of 90 degrees and all the degrees in between. All the way to the left is full fog and all the way to the right is straight stream. They are stored in a 30-degree fog. This allows for easier pattern adjustments to either straight stream or fog before initiating fire attack. When operating in the offensive strategy, the straight stream is the pattern of choice. In this pattern more of the water reaches supercharged pre or post-flashover environments and provides lifesaving cooling. Another aspect is it lessens the steam production in the working area and helps maintain thermal balance. Straight stream settings and smooth bore nozzles can have unwanted effects such as causing heated windows to break changing the air flow and punching through dry wall allowing fire access to the attic or other spaces. Wider fog application inside involved structures that are thought to be occupied is strongly discouraged. Water converts to steam at an 1800:1 ratio. Since moisture

3 PUMPING PAGE 3 OF 6 transfers heat at a much higher rate than dry air, occupants in the vicinity can be adversely effected. Additionally, the amount of air that a combination nozzle operating at >30-degrees entrains is enough air to intensify fire behavior and change air flow Smooth bore nozzles are less prone to the effects of wind when operated outside and generally deliver a tighter cone of water at a greater distance. F-60 & FS-95: (1-1/2") These nozzles are multiple GPM hand spray pattern nozzles (commonly referred to as forestry nozzles). Beginning with the tip turned all the way clockwise, the flow is shut off. Rotating the tip counter clockwise, the first setting is an impinging straight stream of 20 GPM. Continuing counter clockwise, the next setting is a 30 fog pattern at 20 GPM. After the 30 pattern is another impinging straight stream which will increase in GPM as the tip continues counter clockwise, until you reach either 60 or 95 GPM. Continuing to turn the tip will give you a fog pattern, at 60 or 95 GPM, which will widen out to virtually 180. The 60 and 95 GPM settings are designed to deliver adequate amounts of water for firefighting purposes. The 20 GPM settings are designed for mop-up and overhaul operations or when conservation of water is a primary concern. F GPM (most common on E.F.D.) FS GPM

4 PUMPING PAGE 4 OF 6 Note: On progressive hose evolutions, the starting engine pressure is 100 psi plus friction loss -- adjustments to pressure called for by nozzle firefighter. The F-60 nozzle is the combination nozzle of choice for wildland. TFT Bubble Cup Nozzle: (1 & 1 ½ ) The Task Force Tips Bubble Cup nozzles are hand-held nozzles with clean far reaching straight stream. They are adjustable from straight stream to a wide fog pattern. Their construction is compatible with the use of fresh water as well as firefighting foam solutions. The nozzles are rated at 100 PSI. The 1 nozzle will deliver either 10 GPM or 40 GPM. The 1 ½ nozzle is rated at 20 GPM and 95 GPM. The Bubble Cup nozzle is capable of producing aspirated foam as well as a conventional straight stream and wide protective fog pattern. The Bubble Cup functions just like a dual flow nozzle (a nozzle where the flow setting is changed by rotating the shaper, which also controls the spray pattern) when the gray sleeve is in the retracted position. To use the aspirating feature of the Bubble Cup, the nozzle operator need only slide the gray sleeve portion of the nozzle forward. When the sleeve is in the fully extended position, a white line on the shaper will be visible at the base of the gray sleeve. Rotation of the shaper when the sleeve is extended will provide the nozzle operator control of reach and aspiration. If an immediate wide protective fog pattern is needed, the sleeve can be retracted instantly to its regular position. Master TFT-R (MTFT-R): The MTFT is a single deluge nozzle for all flows from GPM, all patterns, and for all master stream applications. This nozzle is on our truck companies mounted as part of the basket yoke system. As an "automatic" nozzle, the MTFT pressure control nozzle mechanism within the nozzle senses the pressure at the base of the nozzle. Slight adjustments in the discharge opening are automatically made to maintain the correct 100 psi nozzle pressure for the flow that is being delivered.

5 PUMPING PAGE 5 OF 6 Cellar Nozzles: (2-1/2 inch) 9 Hole GPM at 100 psi The nine outlet Cellar nozzle has three 9/16", three 5/8" and three 1/2" outlets. For quick mental calculations, figure the nine outlet as equal to a 1-1/4" tip. AKRON APOLLO PORTABLE MONITOR The Akron Apollo Portable Monitor is equipped with a single 4" intake with a female swivel connector. The monitor comes equipped with a multi-gallon-selection combination fog and straight stream nozzle. The four constant gallon-selection settings are 500, 750, 1000, and 1250 GPM at 100 psi. The 1-3/8, 1-1/2", 1-3/4", and 2" straight bore tips can also be used on the portable monitor. Do not exceed 1000 GPM when operating with the portable base. The base is equipped with spikes, a six-foot adjustable safety chain, and two tie-down straps to keep the unit from sliding when in operation. Attach the safety chain when possible. Elevation is by worm gear and locks in any position 90` above horizontal to 15` below horizontal with an elevation stop at 35`. Do not release the 35' elevation stop and operate below that point in the portable base. The 1 3/8 tip is kept off of the stacked tips. In its place is a ¾ wild land tip. The wild land tip should be removed for structure applications. This leaves the 1 ½ tip which flows 600 GPM at 80 PSI. The ¾ tip is only for wild land applications and should be pumped at 50 PSI which will flow 119 GPM for approximately 2 1/2 minutes on flat ground with tank water. The Captain may order a higher nozzle pressure for larger GPM flows but must be aware this will lessen the time it can be used. The intent of the ¾ wild land tip is for quick knockdown of the forward rate of spread of a wild fire and should be followed by hand lines as soon as possible.

6 PUMPING PAGE 6 OF 6 Safety Precautions The two connecting pins must be fully engaged at all times. Secure safety chain when operating. Do not lower past safety stop when on the ground. Each spike must be in uniform contact with the ground surface and all spikes must be driven into the surface at least 1/8". When used in a portable base, the unit should not be operated at more than 1000 GPM. Tip Size Nozzle Pressure GPM FL/100-4" Hose 1-3/8" /2" / Fog Platform Nozzles Both trucks have one automatic combination nozzle and one smooth bore nozzle. While the individual flows of each nozzle added together equal much more, the combined or individual GPM capacity of is closer to the capacity of the yoke and water way. This flow shouldn t be exceeded. The combination nozzle is rated at 250 to PSI. The smoothbore is a 1 3/8 tip to a 2 tip. A stream shaper is attached to the nozzle and the tips to reduce turbulence.