Relocation, follow sourcing, clustering The Iberian automotive supplier industry

Transcription

1 Relocation, follow sourcing, clustering The Iberian automotive supplier industry Holm-Detlev Köhler and Sergio González Begega Department of Sociology, Universidad de Oviedo Workshop High and Low-Wage Countries in Production Networks of the Automotive Industry Relocation, Development Opportunities and Consequences for Work and Employment Social Science Research Center Berlin (WZB) November 29th and 30th, 2007

2 Structure The automotive sector in Spain and Portugal Relocation of multinational supplier firms The reactions of workers and unions Follow sourcing of Spanish suppliers Clustering A way to prevent relocations? Conclusions

3 Passenger car production in the EU (2006) Source: ANFAC 2006

4 Commercial vehicle production in the EU (2006) Source: ANFAC 2006

5 Production of passenger cars in Europe Country Germany Belgium Spain France Italy Netherlands Portugal UK Sweden , UE15** Slovak Rep Slovenia Hungary Poland Czech Rep Romania CEECs* * Figures for 2003 and 2006 include only EU members, the former all Central and Eastern European Countries. ** Including countries with small producers like Austria and Finland Source: ANFAC 2006

6 Assembly plants in Spain and Portugal

7 Production and sales of passenger cars in Spain Units Production Exports Domestic sales Passenger cars without SUVs and minivans. Source: ANFAC

8 The component industry in Spain: turnover, exports, employees 35 31, Turnover/exports (in mill. ) , ,300 11,73 253,059 26,871 13,683 17, , Employees (in thousands) Turnover Exports Employees Source: Sernauto

9 Cost structures in automobile manufacturing Poland and Czech Republic Spain

10 The Spanish supplier industry Spanish global players Subsidiaries of global suppliers Local Spanish suppliers

11 The main automotive suppliers The main automotive suppliers in Spain in Spain Company Turnover ( mill. in 2004) Antolín Irausa Group 1,577 Robert Bosch España 1,488 Gestamp Corp. 1,200 Ficosa International 747 CIE Automotive 724 Mondragón Automoción CHP 609 Benteler España 518 Valeo España 500 Frape Behr, S.A. 378 SKF Española, S.A. 296

12 Company Plant closure Redundancies Announcement Tecnoconfort Barcelona 317 Oct Frape Behr Barcelona 295 Sept SAS (VDO Siemens) Abrera (Barcelona) 210 Marzo 2007 Copo Feher Barcelona 174 Nov Autotex Delphi Lear GDX Automotive Llanera (Asturias) Barcelona Puerto Real (Cádiz) Guarda (Portugal) Ávila Lleida Valls (Tarragona) Barcelona , , Oct May 2006 May 2007 May March 2006 May 2007 Ficosa Saint Guim (Barcelona) 100 March 2006 Industria Plásticas Trilla Ripollet (Barcelona) 240 Nov Zodiac Automotive Roses (Gerona) 110 Junio 2005 TRW Some recent relocations Arganda del Rey Burgos 179 Febr Valeo Abrera (Barcelona) 406 June 2003

13 Valeo 2 plant closures in 2003, 406 redundancies (of 450) Production shifted to Morocco and Tunisia Concentration of production in Spain in Jaen (Andalusia) Maintaining only the logistical and commercial activities in Catalonia

14 Delphi 2 plants closed in 2001, 985 redundancies, production shifted to Morocco and Rumania Puerto Real closed in 2007: 1,632 jobs 60 mill. public subsidies ( ) 15 mill. European Globalisation Adjustment Fund application to finance to public retraining and worker relocation programme New plants in Tanger/Morocco and Rumania

15 Autotex 6.6 mill. subsidies for a new plant in 2000, 206 new jobs announced in Asturias After 2.5 years of activity plant closure announced in 2006 Lawsuits on the devolution of the subsidies In 2004 closure of Barcelona plant shifting production to Czech Rep.

16 Worker reactions Protests addressed to regional governments No transnational coordination, no intervention of EWCs and European Union Federations Sysmo strike: first attempt of regional supplier coordination

17 Protests against the closure of Opel Azambuja

18 Protest against Valeo plant closure in Ourense 2005

19 Protest of workers from Sysmo, Frape Behr and Sinter Metal in Barcelona, all threatened to be closed (Oct. 2007).

20 Delphi workers burning the car of the plant director (Puerto Real, April 2007)

21 Call for Sunday, 2 Dec. 2007

22 Antolín Biggest Spanish component manufacturer (overhead systems, doors and seats), operating in 23 countries with 81 plants and 20 technical-commercial offices employing more than 10,000 people Family company, founded in the 1950s, started internationalisation in the 1990s Since 2000: modular supplier, accelerated internationalisation, alliances and joint ventures

23 Gestamp Antolín Biggest Origin in Spanish steel business component (ArcelorMittal manufacturer main (overhead stakeholder) systems, doors and seats), operating 1998: Gestamp in 23 countries automotive with strategy 81 plants and Locations 20 technical-commercial in 12 countries with offices 44 employing production more sites than and 610,000 R&D Centres, people Family which together company, employ founded over in 8,700 the 1950s, started employees internationalisation in the 1990s Since We have 2000: to modular be global supplier, because accelerated our clients internationalisation, require to be global alliances and to follow and them joint ventures where they open their factories (CEO Francisco Riberas)

24 Ficosa Early internationaliser, specialised in global supply of rear-view systems (mirrors), command and control systems (brakes, gearshifts), plastics and electrical systems (tanks, windshield washers) and security and locking systems 1972 first foreign plant in Porto/Portugal, growth linked to Spanish truck manufacturers R&D centres in Michigan and Barcelona

25 ESSA Small and late internationaliser First foreign investment in Prague (2000), now in India Alliance with Mercedes, closing its Barcelona plant

26 Winners and loosers Loosers: Catalonia and Madrid Winners: Galicia and Basque Country CEAGA: Cluster of Galician Automotive Enterprises (Cluster de Empresas de Automoción de Galicia)

27 Automotive cluster of Galicia

28 Discussion 2 OEM strategies: vertical disintegration (outsourcing) and globalisation Relocation pressure towards CEECs, but also towards Magreb Labour contest still limited at regional scale Challenge for traditional public (EU) development policies Clustering a partially successful response strategy