The Black Belt Databook

Transcription

1 The Black Belt Databook June 2001 Contractor Paper About the Authors Ronald C. Wimberley is a professor in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at North Carolina State University. Libby V. Morris is a professor at The Institute of Higher Education at the University of Georgia. Donald P. Woolley is with the Department of Sociology and Anthropology with North Carolina State University. This research was supported in part by contract with TVA Rural Studies for "The Black Belt Databook," and through the CSREES Multistate Project S-276 on "Rural Restructuring: Causes and Consequences of Globalized Agricultural and Natural Resource Systems." Additional support is provided through the Agricultural Research Service of North Carolina State University and through the Institute of Higher Education of the University of Georgia. The authors express appreciation to Douglas C. Bachtel who worked with us on earlier data and studies. Thanks also to Ruth Heuer, Donna Hughes, Thomas Overton, Peg Brant, and Jack Fulton who assisted in data processing and analysis and to Judy Cline who worked with the production of the report. The authors appreciate this support by others and are responsible for the content of this analysis. Contractor papers are distributed by TVA Rural Studies as part of its effort to improve the information available to rural decision makers. Each contractor paper reflects the research and opinions of the authors. Research papers are published without going through a formal review process and TVA Rural Studies neither endorses nor disavows any opinions in these papers. All staff and contractor papers are working papers and can be found on the TVA Rural Studies website

2 THE BLACK BELT DATABOOK Ronald C. Wimberley Department of Sociology and Anthropology North Carolina State University Libby V. Morris The Institute of Higher Education The University of Georgia Donald P. Woolley Department of Sociology and Anthropology North Carolina State University TVA Rural Studies Lexington, Kentucky (859)

3 Acknowledgments This research was supported in part by contract with TVA Rural Studies for "The Black Belt Databook," and through the CSREES Multistate Project S-276 on "Rural Restructuring: Causes and Consequences of Globalized Agricultural and Natural Resource Systems." Additional support is provided through the Agricultural Research Service of North Carolina State University and through the Institute of Higher Education of the University of Georgia. We express appreciation to Douglas C. Bachtel who worked with us on earlier data and studies. Thanks also to Ruth Heuer, Donna Hughes, Thomas Overton, Peg Brant, and Jack Fulton who assisted in data processing and analysis and to Judy Cline who worked with the production of the report. The authors appreciate this support by others and are responsible for the content of this analysis. Copyright 2000 by Printing Published by TVA Rural Studies, Lexington, KY (888) , For Further Information. This analysis is one of a series of studies on rural and community socioeconomic, health, and environmental conditions in the South and other regions of the United States. For further information about this research program, maps, data, or analyses, contact: The Southern Black Belt Consortium Ronald C. Wimberley, Ph.D. Department of Sociology and Anthropology North Carolina State University Raleigh, North Carolina (919) , -9026; Fax (919) Libby V. Morris, Ph.D. The Institute of Higher Education The University of Georgia Athens, Georgia (706) ; Fax (706) ii

4 Part I. Introduction This report provides basic data on the southern Black Belt that underlie tables and maps of regional information reported in The Reference Book on Regional Well-Being (Wimberley and Morris 1996); the map and poster, The Southern Black Belt in National Perspective (Wimberley, Morris, and Bachtel 1996); the book, The Southern Black Belt: A National Perspective (Wimberley and Morris 1997); and North Carolina's Black Belt Counties: Demographic and Social Conditions (Wimberley, Morris, and Heuer 1997). Here, we provide basic statistical information on selected demographic and socioeconomic quality-of-life conditions for the Black Belt counties. The quality-of-life conditions include poverty, education, unemployment, and agerelated dependence. These data are useful for policy formulations, program applications, and/or further social scientific analyses. The statistical data presented here have been pulled together from various census sources. Regional interpretations of Black Belt conditions may be obtained from The Reference Book on Regional Well-Being (Wimberley and Morris 1996), The Southern Black Belt (Wimberley and Morris 1997), and other publications by the authors. Please contact the authors for additional information. Much of the following introductory and background material is extracted and/or adapted from The Reference Book, The Southern Black Belt, and North Carolina's Black Belt Counties. Data Sources The Office of Management and Budget's (OMB) 1993 redesignations of all the nation's metro and nonmetro areas are the basis for the metro/nonmetro county classification to be used. Other data to be analyzed in this report are from the 1990 U.S. Census of as provided by the Bureau of the Census in printed and electronic files. Where available, population data are taken from the whole-census counts in the STF-1 CD-ROMS and converted into a SAS dataset. For socioeconomic variables collected only from the 1990 census subsample that received the longform questionnaires, a SAS dataset of the STF-3C tape is used. Census estimates for demographic conditions in states and other geographic areas since 1990 rely upon the 1990 data as the baseline for estimation. At the county-level, such estimates contain higher degrees of error than do the original 1990 baseline data. Therefore the data reported here are only for the original, baseline, 1990 census information that was used in the previously 1

5 The Black Belt Data Book 2 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley indicated tables and maps with which the present report corresponds. The Black Belt Counties The contemporary South is the largest region of the United States and is the nation's largest rural and nonmetropolitan region. Unfortunately, however, the South and its Black Belt have far more than their just shares of the nation's poor conditions. The historic Black Belt region within the South consists of 623 counties that have higher than average concentrations of African-American population. That includes nearly one of every five U.S. counties. The Black Belt counties have at least the national average of 12 percent black residents. The Black Belt, a concept used at the turn of the century by Booker T. Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois, lies in a large crescent of southern geography running through parts of the 11 Old South, or Black Belt, states of Virginia, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. This largely rural region is the location for much of the nation's worst socioeconomic living conditions (Wimberley and Morris 1996; 1997). Map 1 shows the Black Belt counties at the 12, 25, and 40 percent levels of African-American population concentration. Map 2 shows the 1993 OMB designations of the nonmetropolitan and metropolitan counties in the Black Belt states.

6 Map 1. Black Belt States and Counties Compiled by R. C. Wimberley and L. V. Morris from 1990 U.S. Bureau of the Census, STF-1A Data.

7 Map 2. Metro and Nonmetro Counties in the Black Belt States Compiled by R. C. Wimberley and L. V. Morris from 1993 OMB designations.

8 The Black Belt Data Book 5 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley

9 The Black Belt Data Book 6 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley Rurality Rurality is a generic concept with many meanings. Rurality includes dimensions of spatial distance, small or sparse populations, social interaction patterns, cultural distinctions, occupational characteristics, and quality of life (Wimberley 1995). As in most statistical analyses for the United States, the concept is used here in the demographic sense. One way the Bureau of the Census (1992a, 1995) identifies rurality is through rural and urban population counts. Urban places are normally incorporated and have at least 2,500 residents; places that are not urban are rural. The census also measures rurality in terms of the nonmetropolitan, or nonmetro, population. Basically, a metropolitan, or metro, county contains a central city of at least 50,000 people plus any adjacent counties that are closely integrated socially and economically with the central county (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1995: 4). Counties not officially designated as metro are nonmetro. Although similar, rural and nonmetro populations do not entirely correspond. There can be rural populations in metro counties and urban populations in nonmetro counties. This report provides urban and rural population counts for each of the counties in the first table on demographic characteristics. Along with Map 2, this and several other tables also indicate whether each county is metropolitan or nonmetropolitan. Many of the subclassifications of other variables, however, rely upon the metro/nonmetro classification of counties, as shown in Map 2, to measure rurality. Again, please note that the metro and nonmetro county data reported here are not the same as that reported in 1990 U.S. Census publications. Rather, these data are based on our recalculations of 1990 census data according to OMB's 1993 (Office of Management and Budget 1993) update of metro and nonmetro counties. Furthermore, the independent cities in Virginia--those that are not geographically in any of the state's counties--are designated as county units for purpose of data reporting and analysis.

10 The Black Belt Data Book 7 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley

11 The Black Belt Data Book 8 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley Poverty Poverty is measured by annual family income and family composition according to Office of Management and Budget criteria (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1992b; 1995: 481). In the 1990 census, a single person under 65 and living alone was poor if he or she received less than $6,451 during the previous year, and those in a family of four were poor if their income was below $12,674. The poverty eligible population is the population base upon which poverty percentages are calculated. This base excludes institutionalized persons, those in military group quarters, students in college dormitories, and children under 15 years old who are unrelated to others in their households. Education The census reports the highest level of education completed for the population that is 25 years old or older. In addition to data reported here for those in each county who have not graduated from high school as previously summarized in the tables of The Reference Book on Regional Well-Being (Wimberley and Morris 1996) and the maps in The Southern Black Belt (Wimberley and Morris 1997), several other educational levels are presented in these spreadsheets. These are the data for those with less than the ninth grade and for those with bachelors's degrees or higher education. Unemployment Official unemployment rates are based on persons aged 16 or older who are actively looking for work but cannot find jobs (U.S. Bureau of Census 1992a, 1995: 396). This removes all of the very young from the nation's workforce base. It also removes the elderly or others who no longer seek employment. Dependence Dependence may be social, economic, or physical/health related (Morris and Wimberley 1997; Wimberley and Morris 1997). Dependence occurs when a

12 The Black Belt Data Book 9 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley person, household, or community must rely on others for basic needs. An important form of social dependence is age-related, or demographic, dependence. The young and the elderly are not normally part of the active, working-aged population. Instead, nearly all children and many elderly adults rely on others for their basic support. Age-related dependence is measured as a ratio of the dependent-aged population children, elders, or both per 100 of working age. Children are defined as below 18 years of age. Elders are 65 or older. The working-aged population includes those from 18 through 64 years old.

13 The Black Belt Data Book 10 Wimberley, Morris, & Woolley

14 Part II. Black Belt Data Spreadsheets Tables 1 through 5 provide spreadsheet information on the Black Belt counties of each of the 11 Black Belt states. The states are presented alphabetically and, within each, the counties are likewise listed alphabetically. The spreadsheets are divided by sections according to basic demographic characteristics, poverty, education, unemployment, and age-related dependence. The rows of the spreadsheets indicate the county and state names plus the state-county FIPS codes used by the Bureau of the Census to numerically identify each county and independent city. The columns of each spreadsheet are labeled to indicate the category or subcategory of the variable being reported. Certain subcategories include white, black, and total populations. As noted earlier, interpretations of the findings on the demographic and socioeconomic topics are offered in other publications by the Wimberley and Morris. Please contact the authors for additional information about the data and findings or concerning electronic data files for these counties and variables. 11

15 The Black Belt Data Book 12 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Totals 45,250,315 31,331,093 12,088, , ,150,356 33,099, Autauga, AL 34,222 27,144 6, Metro 14,366 19, Baldwin, AL 98,280 84,565 12, Metro 59,604 38, Barbour, AL 25,417 14,118 11, Nonmetro 13,044 12, Bibb, AL 16,576 13,052 3, Nonmetro 11,292 5, Bullock, AL 11,042 3,036 7, Nonmetro 7,067 3, Butler, AL 21,892 13,049 8, Nonmetro 14,400 7, Calhoun, AL 116,034 92,873 21, Metro 33,308 82, Chambers, AL 36,876 23,575 13, Nonmetro 13,352 23, Choctaw, AL 16,018 8,913 7, Nonmetro 16, Clarke, AL 27,240 15,527 11, Nonmetro 17,120 10, Clay, AL 13,252 11,044 2, Nonmetro 13, Coffee, AL 40,240 32,702 6, Nonmetro 16,407 23, Colbert, AL 51,666 42,820 8, Metro 23,078 28, Conecuh, AL 14,054 8,063 5, Nonmetro 10,480 3, Coosa, AL 11,063 7,242 3, Nonmetro 11, Covington, AL 36,478 31,551 4, Nonmetro 20,266 16, Crenshaw, AL 13,635 10,048 3, Nonmetro 11,063 2, Dale, AL 49,633 39,365 8, Metro 20,469 29, Dallas, AL 48,130 20,121 27, Nonmetro 20,552 27, Elmore, AL 49,210 37,850 11, Metro 34,648 14, Escambia, AL 35,518 24,326 10, Nonmetro 19,070 16, Etowah, AL 99,840 85,274 13, Metro 27,799 72, Fayette, AL 17,962 15,717 2, Nonmetro 12,845 5, Greene, AL 10,153 1,966 8, Nonmetro 10, Hale, AL 15,498 6,255 9, Nonmetro 12,451 3, Henry, AL 15,374 9,918 5, Nonmetro 9,611 5, Houston, AL 81,331 61,513 18, Metro 25,558 55, Jefferson, AL 651, , , Metro 69, , Lawrence, AL 31,513 24,563 4, Metro 28,265 3, Lee, AL 87,146 64,889 20, Nonmetro 24,943 62,

16 The Black Belt Data Book 13 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Limestone, AL 54,135 46,658 7, Metro 37,289 16, Lowndes, AL 12,658 3,185 9, Nonmetro 12, Macon, AL 24,928 3,443 21, Nonmetro 12,671 12, Madison, AL 238, ,197 48, Metro 52, , Marengo, AL 23,084 11,314 11, Nonmetro 13,028 10, Mobile, AL 378, , , Metro 70, , Monroe, AL 23,968 14,320 9, Nonmetro 16,975 6, Montgomery, AL 209, ,420 87, Metro 19, , Perry, AL 12,759 4,503 8, Nonmetro 8,548 4, Pickens, AL 20,699 12,002 8, Nonmetro 18,551 2, Pike, AL 27,595 17,814 9, Nonmetro 14,507 13, Randolph, AL 19,881 15,138 4, Nonmetro 13,519 6, Russell, AL 46,860 28,473 18, Metro 16,564 30, Sumter, AL 16,174 4,759 11, Nonmetro 9,378 6, Talladega, AL 74,107 50,970 22, Nonmetro 35,026 39, Tallapoosa, AL 38,826 28,493 10, Nonmetro 19,177 19, Tuscaloosa, AL 150, ,398 39, Metro 44, , Washington, AL 16,694 10,984 4, Nonmetro 16, Wilcox, AL 13,568 4,203 9, Nonmetro 13, Arkansas, AR 21,653 16,816 4, Nonmetro 7,680 13, Ashley, AR 24,319 17,511 6, Nonmetro 11,588 12, Bradley, AR 11,793 8,012 3, Nonmetro 5,338 6, Calhoun, AR 5,826 4,357 1, Nonmetro 5, Chicot, AR 15,713 6,692 8, Nonmetro 5,052 10, Clark, AR 21,437 16,344 4, Nonmetro 11,427 10, Cleveland, AR 7,781 6,681 1, Nonmetro 7, Columbia, AR 25,691 16,564 8, Nonmetro 14,540 11, Conway, AR 19,151 16,139 2, Nonmetro 12,600 6,

17 The Black Belt Data Book 14 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Crittenden, AR 49,939 28,152 21, Metro 11,999 37, Cross, AR 19,225 14,343 4, Nonmetro 11,038 8, Dallas, AR 9,614 5,873 3, Nonmetro 4,885 4, Desha, AR 16,798 9,500 7, Nonmetro 6,281 10, Drew, AR 17,369 12,530 4, Nonmetro 9,253 8, Hempstead, AR 21,621 14,888 6, Nonmetro 11,985 9, Howard, AR 13,569 10,504 2, Nonmetro 8,930 4, Jackson, AR 18,944 16,081 2, Nonmetro 11,709 7, Jefferson, AR 85,487 47,878 36, Metro 23,483 62, Lafayette, AR 9,643 5,884 3, Nonmetro 9, Lee, AR 13,053 5,449 7, Nonmetro 7,143 5, Lincoln, AR 13,690 8,611 4, Nonmetro 13, Little River, AR 13,966 10,820 2, Nonmetro 8,816 5, Miller, AR 38,467 29,464 8, Metro 15,654 22, Mississippi, AR 57,525 40,689 16, Nonmetro 19,332 38, Monroe, AR 11,333 6,862 4, Nonmetro 7,099 4, Nevada, AR 10,101 6,856 3, Nonmetro 6,428 3, Ouachita, AR 30,574 19,702 10, Nonmetro 16,194 14, Phillips, AR 28,838 12,915 15, Nonmetro 11,652 17, Prairie, AR 9,518 8,170 1, Nonmetro 9, Pulaski, AR 349, ,554 92, Metro 37, , St. Francis, AR 28,497 14,722 13, Nonmetro 15,133 13, Union, AR 46,719 32,414 14, Nonmetro 23,573 23, Woodruff, AR 9,520 6,502 2, Nonmetro 6,810 2, Alachua, FL 181, ,787 34, Metro 48, , Baker, FL 18,486 15,579 2, Nonmetro 14,520 3, Bradford, FL 22,515 17,692 4, Nonmetro 17,289 5, Broward, FL 1,255,488 1,025, , Metro 13,821 1,241,

18 The Black Belt Data Book 15 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Calhoun, FL 11,011 9,164 1, Nonmetro 11, Columbia, FL 42,613 34,423 7, Nonmetro 29,346 13, Dade, FL 1,937,094 1,413, , Metro 22,405 1,914, De Soto, FL 23,865 19,141 3, Nonmetro 13,232 10, Duval, FL 672, , , Metro 8, , Escambia, FL 262, ,235 52, Metro 36, , Franklin, FL 8,967 7,776 1, Nonmetro 6,260 2, Gadsden, FL 41,105 16,686 23, Metro 29,279 11, Glades, FL 7,591 5, Nonmetro 7, Gulf, FL 11,504 9,253 2, Nonmetro 7,460 4, Hamilton, FL 10,930 6,448 4, Nonmetro 10, Hendry, FL 25,773 18,592 4, Nonmetro 14,240 11, Hillsborough, FL 834, , , Metro 89, , Jackson, FL 41,375 30,085 10, Nonmetro 32,408 8, Jefferson, FL 11,296 6,334 4, Nonmetro 8,772 2, Lafayette, FL 5,578 4, Nonmetro 5, Leon, FL 192, ,712 46, Metro 33, , Levy, FL 25,923 22,346 3, Nonmetro 25, Liberty, FL 5,569 4, Nonmetro 5, Madison, FL 16,569 9,545 6, Nonmetro 13,209 3, Marion, FL 194, ,094 24, Metro 117,636 77, Orange, FL 677, , , Metro 46, , Palm Beach, FL 863, , , Metro 45, , Polk, FL 405, ,952 54, Metro 120, , Putnam, FL 65,070 52,019 11, Nonmetro 54,869 10, St. Lucie, FL 150, ,159 24, Metro 11, , Sumter, FL 31,577 26,088 5, Nonmetro 25,470 6, Suwannee, FL 26,780 22,524 3, Nonmetro 20,448 6,

19 The Black Belt Data Book 16 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Taylor, FL 17,111 13,791 3, Nonmetro 9,960 7, Union, FL 10,252 7,697 2, Nonmetro 10, Wakulla, FL 14,202 12,226 1, Nonmetro 14, Washington, FL 16,919 14,029 2, Nonmetro 13,053 3, Appling, GA 15,744 12,356 3, Nonmetro 11,903 3, Atkinson, GA 6,213 4,427 1, Nonmetro 6, Bacon, GA 9,566 8,030 1, Nonmetro 5,903 3, Baker, GA 3,615 1,747 1, Nonmetro 3, Baldwin, GA 39,530 22,451 16, Nonmetro 16,893 22, Ben Hill, GA 16,245 11,098 5, Nonmetro 7,633 8, Bibb, GA 149,967 86,252 62, Metro 24, , Bleckley, GA 10,430 8,000 2, Nonmetro 6,040 4, Brooks, GA 15,398 8,893 6, Nonmetro 10,106 5, Bryan, GA 15,438 13,018 2, Metro 12,450 2, Bulloch, GA 43,125 31,464 11, Nonmetro 27,271 15, Burke, GA 20,579 9,762 10, Nonmetro 14,878 5, Butts, GA 15,326 9,770 5, Nonmetro 11,250 4, Calhoun, GA 5,013 2,047 2, Nonmetro 5, Camden, GA 30,167 23,284 6, Nonmetro 14,211 15, Candler, GA 7,744 5,238 2, Nonmetro 4,037 3, Carroll, GA 71,422 59,646 11, Metro 48,917 22, Charlton, GA 8,496 6,094 2, Nonmetro 8, Chatham, GA 216, ,607 82, Metro 11, , Chattahoochee, GA 16,934 10,091 5, Metro 2,317 14, Clarke, GA 87,594 61,929 22, Metro 15,412 72, Clay, GA 3,364 1,310 2, Nonmetro 3, Clayton, GA 182, ,729 43, Metro 8, , Clinch, GA 6,160 4,456 1, Nonmetro 3,607 2,

20 The Black Belt Data Book 17 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Coffee, GA 29,592 21,558 7, Nonmetro 19,128 10, Colquitt, GA 36,645 27,047 8, Nonmetro 21,785 14, Cook, GA 13,456 9,311 4, Nonmetro 8,349 5, Coweta, GA 53,853 41,322 12, Metro 40,961 12, Crawford, GA 8,991 6,090 2, Nonmetro 8, Crisp, GA 20,011 11,783 8, Nonmetro 9,690 10, Decatur, GA 25,511 15,228 10, Nonmetro 14,799 10, De Kalb, GA 545, , , Metro 13, , Dodge, GA 17,607 12,620 4, Nonmetro 12,454 5, Dooly, GA 9,901 4,991 4, Nonmetro 7,193 2, Dougherty, GA 96,311 47,034 48, Metro 9,662 86, Early, GA 11,854 6,579 5, Nonmetro 6,259 5, Effingham, GA 25,687 21,906 3, Metro 22,899 2, Elbert, GA 18,949 13,153 5, Nonmetro 13,267 5, Emanuel, GA 20,546 13,772 6, Nonmetro 13,185 7, Evans, GA 8,724 5,654 2, Nonmetro 8, Floyd, GA 81,251 69,338 11, Nonmetro 29,353 51, Fulton, GA 648, , , Metro 27, , Glascock, GA 2,357 2, Nonmetro 2, Glynn, GA 62,496 45,989 15, Nonmetro 12,715 49, Grady, GA 20,279 13,664 6, Nonmetro 11,244 9, Greene, GA 11,793 5,860 5, Nonmetro 8,933 2, Hancock, GA 8,908 1,802 7, Nonmetro 8, Harris, GA 17,788 13,103 4, Metro 17, Hart, GA 19,712 15,646 4, Nonmetro 14,542 5, Heard, GA 8,628 7,418 1, Nonmetro 8, Houston, GA 89,208 68,097 19, Metro 18,632 70, Irwin, GA 8,649 5,992 2, Nonmetro 5,486 3,

21 The Black Belt Data Book 18 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Jasper, GA 8,453 5,481 2, Nonmetro 8, Jeff Davis, GA 12,032 10,084 1, Nonmetro 7,830 4, Jefferson, GA 17,408 7,660 9, Nonmetro 17, Jenkins, GA 8,247 4,811 3, Nonmetro 4,439 3, Johnson, GA 8,329 5,474 2, Nonmetro 8, Jones, GA 20,739 15,318 5, Metro 16,995 3, Lamar, GA 13,038 8,559 4, Nonmetro 8,291 4, Lanier, GA 5,531 3,978 1, Nonmetro 5, Laurens, GA 39,988 26,485 13, Nonmetro 21,152 18, Lee, GA 16,250 13,007 3, Metro 12,713 3, Liberty, GA 52,745 28,935 20, Nonmetro 17,351 35, Lincoln, GA 7,442 4,600 2, Nonmetro 7, Long, GA 6,202 4,685 1, Nonmetro 6, Lowndes, GA 75,981 50,566 24, Nonmetro 36,165 39, McDuffie, GA 20,119 12,720 7, Metro 13,257 6, McIntosh, GA 8,634 4,880 3, Nonmetro 8, Macon, GA 13,114 5,358 7, Nonmetro 8,608 4, Marion, GA 5,590 3,250 2, Nonmetro 5, Meriwether, GA 22,411 12,357 9, Nonmetro 18,438 3, Miller, GA 6,280 4,542 1, Nonmetro 6, Mitchell, GA 20,275 10,414 9, Nonmetro 11,398 8, Monroe, GA 17,113 11,597 5, Nonmetro 12,845 4, Montgomery, GA 7,163 4,998 2, Nonmetro 7, Morgan, GA 12,883 8,355 4, Nonmetro 9,400 3, Muscogee, GA 179, ,762 68, Metro 5, , Newton, GA 41,808 32,171 9, Metro 31,782 10, Oglethorpe, GA 9,763 7,294 2, Nonmetro 9, Peach, GA 21,189 10,716 10, Metro 12,987 8,

22 The Black Belt Data Book 19 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Pike, GA 10,224 8,122 2, Nonmetro 10, Polk, GA 33,815 28,561 4, Nonmetro 22,481 11, Pulaski, GA 8,108 5,397 2, Nonmetro 4,581 3, Putnam, GA 14,137 9,300 4, Nonmetro 9,400 4, Quitman, GA 2,209 1,093 1, Nonmetro 2, Randolph, GA 8,023 3,310 4, Nonmetro 4,293 3, Richmond, GA 189, ,612 79, Metro 18, , Schley, GA 3,588 2,317 1, Nonmetro 3, Screven, GA 13,842 7,598 6, Nonmetro 10,973 2, Seminole, GA 9,010 6,031 2, Nonmetro 6,249 2, Spalding, GA 54,457 38,281 15, Metro 29,171 25, Stewart, GA 5,654 2,041 3, Nonmetro 5, Sumter, GA 30,228 15,910 14, Nonmetro 13,716 16, Talbot, GA 6,524 2,436 4, Nonmetro 6, Taliaferro, GA 1, , Nonmetro 1, Tattnall, GA 17,722 12,087 5, Nonmetro 14,046 3, Taylor, GA 7,642 4,292 3, Nonmetro 7, Telfair, GA 11,000 7,202 3, Nonmetro 7,985 3, Terrell, GA 10,653 4,251 6, Nonmetro 5,358 5, Thomas, GA 38,986 23,971 14, Nonmetro 21,529 17, Tift, GA 34,998 24,941 9, Nonmetro 17,884 17, Toombs, GA 24,072 17,596 5, Nonmetro 8,602 15, Treutlen, GA 5,994 4,001 1, Nonmetro 3,197 2, Troup, GA 55,536 38,458 16, Nonmetro 24,409 31, Turner, GA 8,703 5,129 3, Nonmetro 3,876 4, Twiggs, GA 9,806 5,290 4, Metro 9, Upson, GA 26,300 18,897 7, Nonmetro 17,173 9, Walton, GA 38,586 31,177 7, Metro 23,620 14,

23 The Black Belt Data Book 20 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Ware, GA 35,471 26,007 9, Nonmetro 19,237 16, Warren, GA 6,078 2,413 3, Nonmetro 6, Washington, GA 19,112 9,198 9, Nonmetro 12,822 6, Wayne, GA 22,356 17,884 4, Nonmetro 13,398 8, Webster, GA 2,263 1,127 1, Nonmetro 2, Wheeler, GA 4,903 3,352 1, Nonmetro 4, Wilcox, GA 7,008 4,757 2, Nonmetro 7, Wilkes, GA 10,597 5,650 4, Nonmetro 6,318 4, Wilkinson, GA 10,228 5,910 4, Nonmetro 10, Worth, GA 19,745 13,540 6, Nonmetro 14,043 5, Acadia, LA 55,882 45,532 10, Metro 28,473 27, Allen, LA 21,226 16,308 4, Nonmetro 14,394 6, Ascension, LA 58,214 44,480 13, Metro 43,262 14, Assumption, LA 22,753 15,273 7, Nonmetro 19,665 3, Avoyelles, LA 39,159 28,324 10, Nonmetro 25,989 13, Beauregard, LA 30,083 25,242 4, Nonmetro 20,572 9, Bienville, LA 15,979 8,986 6, Nonmetro 12,900 3, Bossier, LA 86,088 67,030 17, Metro 24,259 61, Caddo, LA 248, ,580 99, Metro 40, , Calcasieu, LA 168, ,181 38, Metro 36, , Caldwell, LA 9,810 7,970 1, Nonmetro 9, Catahoula, LA 11,065 8,136 2, Nonmetro 8,345 2, Claiborne, LA 17,405 9,313 8, Nonmetro 10,399 7, Concordia, LA 20,828 13,164 7, Nonmetro 11,767 9, De Soto, LA 25,346 14,003 11, Nonmetro 19,957 5, East Baton Rouge, LA 380, , , Metro 35, , East Carroll, LA 9,709 3,355 6, Nonmetro 4,329 5, East Feliciana, LA 19,211 10,022 9, Nonmetro 15,320 3,

24 The Black Belt Data Book 21 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Evangeline, LA 33,274 24,405 8, Nonmetro 20,822 12, Franklin, LA 22,387 15,278 7, Nonmetro 16,632 5, Grant, LA 17,526 14,860 2, Nonmetro 17, Iberia, LA 68,297 46,940 20, Nonmetro 30,264 38, Iberville, LA 31,049 16,519 14, Nonmetro 23,863 7, Jackson, LA 15,705 11,065 4, Nonmetro 11,400 4, Jefferson, LA 448, ,170 79, Metro 6, , Jefferson Davis, LA 30,722 24,721 5, Nonmetro 12,920 17, Lafayette, LA 164, ,340 36, Metro 34, , Lafourche, LA 85,860 72,371 10, Metro 41,332 44, Lincoln, LA 41,745 24,620 16, Nonmetro 16,234 25, Madison, LA 12,463 4,961 7, Nonmetro 3,942 8, Morehouse, LA 31,938 18,584 13, Nonmetro 18,022 13, Natchitoches, LA 36,689 22,357 13, Nonmetro 20,080 16, Orleans, LA 496, , , Metro , Ouachita, LA 142,191 96,870 44, Metro 31, , Plaquemines, LA 25,575 18,522 5, Metro 4,441 21, Pointe Coupee, LA 22,540 13,196 9, Nonmetro 17,237 5, Rapides, LA 131,556 92,989 36, Metro 45,745 85, Red River, LA 9,387 5,752 3, Nonmetro 9, Richland, LA 20,629 13,020 7, Nonmetro 13,049 7, Sabine, LA 22,646 17,939 3, Nonmetro 19,520 3, St. Charles, LA 42,437 31,638 10, Metro 4,617 37, St. Helena, LA 9,874 4,725 5, Nonmetro 9, St. James, LA 20,879 10,484 10, Metro 13,480 7, St. John the Baptist, LA 39,996 25,039 14, Metro 1,091 38, St. Landry, LA 80,331 47,532 32, Metro 51,250 29, St. Martin, LA 43,978 28,806 14, Metro 30,326 13,

25 The Black Belt Data Book 22 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban St. Mary, LA 58,086 37,688 18, Nonmetro 20,507 37, Tangipahoa, LA 85,709 60,601 24, Nonmetro 60,177 25, Tensas, LA 7,103 3,292 3, Nonmetro 7, Terrebonne, LA 96,982 75,082 16, Metro 23,197 73, Union, LA 20,690 14,850 5, Nonmetro 17,356 3, Vermilion, LA 50,055 42,237 6, Nonmetro 34,333 15, Vernon, LA 61,961 45,828 12, Nonmetro 36,579 25, Washington, LA 43,185 29,669 13, Nonmetro 24,898 18, Webster, LA 41,989 28,550 13, Metro 22,660 19, West Baton Rouge, LA 19,419 12,329 6, Metro 12,698 6, West Carroll, LA 12,093 9,997 2, Nonmetro 12, West Feliciana, LA 12,915 5,672 7, Nonmetro 12, Winn, LA 16,269 11,343 4, Nonmetro 10,131 6, Adams, MS 35,356 18,028 17, Nonmetro 15,896 19, Amite, MS 13,328 7,272 6, Nonmetro 13, Attala, MS 18,481 11,114 7, Nonmetro 11,501 6, Benton, MS 8,046 4,869 3, Nonmetro 8, Bolivar, MS 41,875 15,259 26, Nonmetro 21,090 20, Calhoun, MS 14,908 10,829 4, Nonmetro 14, Carroll, MS 9,237 5,560 3, Nonmetro 9, Chickasaw, MS 18,085 11,060 6, Nonmetro 10,915 7, Choctaw, MS 9,071 6,319 2, Nonmetro 9, Claiborne, MS 11,370 1,994 9, Nonmetro 11, Clarke, MS 17,313 11,312 5, Nonmetro 14,620 2, Clay, MS 21,120 9,789 11, Nonmetro 12,631 8, Coahoma, MS 31,665 11,001 20, Nonmetro 11,948 19, Copiah, MS 27,592 13,602 13, Nonmetro 17,728 9, Covington, MS 16,527 10,699 5, Nonmetro 13,986 2,

26 The Black Belt Data Book 23 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban De Soto, MS 67,910 58,860 8, Metro 31,892 36, Forrest, MS 68,314 46,672 21, Nonmetro 16,466 51, Franklin, MS 8,377 5,290 3, Nonmetro 8, Greene, MS 10,220 7,999 2, Nonmetro 10, Grenada, MS 21,555 12,563 8, Nonmetro 10,691 10, Harrison, MS 165, ,630 32, Metro 25, , Hinds, MS 254, , , Metro 33, , Holmes, MS 21,604 5,176 16, Nonmetro 18,763 2, Humphreys, MS 12,134 3,856 8, Nonmetro 9,598 2, Issaquena, MS 1, , Nonmetro 1, Jackson, MS 115,243 90,114 23, Metro 22,641 92, Jasper, MS 17,114 8,410 8, Nonmetro 17, Jefferson, MS 8,653 1,185 7, Nonmetro 8, Jefferson Davis, MS 14,051 6,330 7, Nonmetro 14, Jones, MS 62,031 46,193 15, Nonmetro 39,570 22, Kemper, MS 10,356 4,407 5, Nonmetro 10, Lafayette, MS 31,826 23,151 7, Nonmetro 21,842 9, Lauderdale, MS 75,555 48,706 26, Nonmetro 32,016 43, Lawrence, MS 12,458 8,300 4, Nonmetro 12, Leake, MS 18,436 11,086 6, Nonmetro 14,615 3, Lee, MS 65,581 51,260 14, Nonmetro 30,739 34, Leflore, MS 37,341 14,516 22, Nonmetro 18,435 18, Lincoln, MS 30,278 21,162 9, Nonmetro 20,035 10, Lowndes, MS 59,308 36,736 22, Nonmetro 32,616 26, Madison, MS 53,794 29,789 23, Metro 22,574 31, Marion, MS 25,544 17,733 7, Nonmetro 18,729 6, Marshall, MS 30,361 14,842 15, Nonmetro 23,100 7, Monroe, MS 36,582 25,394 11, Nonmetro 22,652 13,

27 The Black Belt Data Book 24 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Montgomery, MS 12,388 6,916 5, Nonmetro 6,683 5, Neshoba, MS 24,800 16,945 4, Nonmetro 18,042 6, Newton, MS 20,291 13,697 5, Nonmetro 16,590 3, Noxubee, MS 12,604 3,959 8, Nonmetro 12, Oktibbeha, MS 38,375 24,064 13, Nonmetro 19,917 18, Panola, MS 29,996 15,376 14, Nonmetro 23,593 6, Pearl River, MS 38,714 32,888 5, Nonmetro 25,406 13, Perry, MS 10,865 8,333 2, Nonmetro 10, Pike, MS 36,882 19,931 16, Nonmetro 25,291 11, Pontotoc, MS 22,237 18,917 3, Nonmetro 17,667 4, Quitman, MS 10,490 4,250 6, Nonmetro 10, Rankin, MS 87,161 72,033 14, Metro 39,659 47, Scott, MS 24,137 14,829 9, Nonmetro 15,865 8, Sharkey, MS 7,066 2,339 4, Nonmetro 7, Simpson, MS 23,953 16,124 7, Nonmetro 20,346 3, Smith, MS 14,798 11,516 3, Nonmetro 14, Stone, MS 10,750 8,362 2, Nonmetro 7,565 3, Sunflower, MS 32,867 11,604 21, Nonmetro 17,838 15, Tallahatchie, MS 15,210 6,257 8, Nonmetro 15, Tate, MS 21,432 13,945 7, Nonmetro 16,660 4, Tippah, MS 19,523 16,251 3, Nonmetro 14,152 5, Tunica, MS 8,164 1,992 6, Nonmetro 8, Union, MS 22,085 18,804 3, Nonmetro 15,310 6, Walthall, MS 14,352 8,252 6, Nonmetro 14, Warren, MS 47,880 28,879 18, Nonmetro 26,972 20, Washington, MS 67,935 28,334 39, Nonmetro 12,767 55, Wayne, MS 19,517 12,506 6, Nonmetro 14,374 5, Webster, MS 10,222 7,953 2, Nonmetro 10,

28 The Black Belt Data Book 25 Wimberley, Morris, and Woolley Table 1. Race, and Rurality State/ County Code County, State Total # White # Black # Am. Indian % White % Black % Am. Indian Metro/ Nonmetro # Rural # Urban % Rural % Urban Wilkinson, MS 9,678 3,123 6, Nonmetro 9, Winston, MS 19,433 11,151 8, Nonmetro 12,264 7, Yalobusha, MS 12,033 7,479 4, Nonmetro 8,423 3, Yazoo, MS 25,506 11,958 13, Nonmetro 13,076 12, Alamance, NC 108,213 86,373 20, Metro 36,924 71, Anson, NC 23,474 12,264 11, Nonmetro 19,829 3, Beaufort, NC 42,283 28,949 13, Nonmetro 29,323 12, Bertie, NC 20,388 7,790 12, Nonmetro 20, Bladen, NC 28,663 16,926 11, Nonmetro 24,959 3, Brunswick, NC 50,985 41,336 9, Metro 44,360 6, Cabarrus, NC 98,935 85,286 12, Metro 40,262 58, Camden, NC 5,904 4,388 1, Nonmetro 5, Caswell, NC 20,693 12,155 8, Nonmetro 20, Chatham, NC 38,759 29,423 8, Metro 33,951 4, Chowan, NC 13,506 8,349 5, Nonmetro 8,238 5, Cleveland, NC 84,714 66,362 17, Nonmetro 62,038 22, Columbus, NC 49,587 32,897 15, Nonmetro 44,509 5, Craven, NC 81,613 58,660 21, Nonmetro 39,703 41, Cumberland, NC 274, ,069 87, Metro 36, , Duplin, NC 39,995 25,927 13, Nonmetro 34,194 5, Durham, NC 181, ,886 67, Metro 27, , Edgecombe, NC 56,558 24,665 31, Metro 28,349 28, Forsyth, NC 265, ,918 66, Metro 66, , Franklin, NC 36,414 23,288 12, Metro 33,292 3, Gaston, NC 175, ,868 22, Metro 53, , Gates, NC 9,305 5,101 4, Nonmetro 9, Granville, NC 38,345 23,069 14, Nonmetro 25,753 12, Greene, NC 15,384 8,747 6, Nonmetro 15,