Russian Motorcycle Part 1: Overall Drive-Chain

Transcription

1 Ural (Урал( Урал) - Dnepr (Днепр( Днепр) Russian Motorcycle Part 1: Overall Drive-Chain (Also See Part 2: One-Wheel Drive (1WD), Part 3: Two-Wheel Drive (2WD), Part 4: Gears and Gear Ratios, Part 5: Disassembly of Drive Chain, Part 6: Drive Train Components, Part 7: Drive Train Maintenance and Part 8: Chapter 7 of Bill Glaser's "Unofficial" URAL 750cc Motorcycle Service Manual) Ernie Franke eafranke@tampabay.rr.com 1 / 2013

2 Parts to Overall Drive-Chain Study Part 1: Introduction: Overall Drive-Chain Part 2: One-Wheel Drive (1WD) Part 3: Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) Part 3A: Locking versus Non-Locking Differentials Part 3B: Full-Time Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) with Non-Locking Diff Part 3C: Full-Time Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) with Locking Differential Part 3D: Full-Time One-Wheel Drive (1WD) with Locking 2WD (non-diff) Part 4: Gears and Gear Ratios Part 5: Disassembly and Assembly of Drive Chain Part 6: Drive Train Components Part 6A: Drive Trains and Drive Shafts Part 6B: Drive Train Components Part 7: Drive Train Maintenance Part 8: Chapter 7 of Bill Glazer s "Unofficial" Ural 750cc Motorcycle Service Manual Notes for Model and Component Numbers Model Designations: MV (cyrillic MB) = MB = CF (Example: MB-750 = MV-750, CF-650 = MB-650) Component Designations: ВП = VP (Example: ВП48801 = VP48801) H = N (Example 72H05121 = 72N05121) We trace the evolution of the Russian motorcycle drive-train from the simple One-Wheel Drive (1WD) to the Two-Wheel Drive (2WD), with its differential (lockable and non-lockable) and non-differential rear drives.

3 Cardan and Rear Drive Final Drive (FD) Consists of a Propeller Shaft (Cardan), Flexible Coupling (Flange), Elastic Disc (Doughnut) and Universal Joint (Cross) Transmits Torque from Transmission to Rear Drive 1WD (One-Wheel Drive) Rear Drive Has Pair of Bevel Gears with Spiral Teeth without a Sidecar Wheel Drive Changes Direction of Torque at Right Angles to Rear Power Drive Wheel 2WD (Two-Wheel Drive) Rear Drive Has Pair of Gears with Spiral Teeth, Semi-Detached with Cylindrical Gear to Drive Sideacar Wheel Changes Direction of Torque at Right Angles to Power Drive Wheel Changes Amount of Torque Transmitted by Propeller Shaft (Cardan) Distribute Torque between Drive Wheel and Sidecar Drive Wheel in a Specific Ratio (19:11) Rear Drive Casing Oil Filler Plug Universal Joint Splines (beneath protective cap) Propeller Shaft Example: Ural 1WD Drive Train Flexible Flange Oil Drain Plug

4 Final Drive (FD) a.k.a. Drive Chain Components of Overall Drive-Chain Rear Drive Universal Joint Drive Shaft Flexible Flange Elastic Coupler Rear Brake Activation Lever Propshaft Propeller Shaft (Propshaft) a.k.a. Cardan, Drive Shaft, PTO (Power Take-Off) Shaft Elastic Coupler a.k.a. Cardan Coupler, Russian Doughnut, Biscuit, Rubber Puck, Flexible Disc Doughnut or Biscuit Bevel Gears Pinion Gears Drive Gear (Small Gear) Driven Gear (Large Circular Gear) a.k.a. Crown Gear Bevel Gears Universal Joint a.k.a. Cardan (French for Gimbal) Joint, Hooke Joint, U-Joint, Cross Simple Flexible Coupling Using a Double-Yoke and Four-Point Center Cross Used as Coupling in Drive-Shaft of Rear-Wheel Drive Vehicles Universal Joint The Final Drive (FD) consists of a rear drive, universal joint, drive shaft, flexible flange and an elastic coupler.

5 German BMW R-71 (motoriding.ru) Universal Joint underneath the Cowl Cardan Shaft (Propeller Shaft) Power Take-Off (PTO) Flexible Flange Elastic Coupler (Doughnut) The German R-71 was the father to all heavy Russian sidecars, and was duplicated in the Russian M-72. M

6 Four Types of Final Drives in Russian Sidecars Four Types of Final Drives in Russian Sidecars 1. Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) One-Wheel Drive (1WD) Available in Various Ural / Dnepr Models 2. Full-Time, Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) with non-locking Differential Dnepr MB-650M ( ) Dnepr MT-12 ( ) Dnepr MT-16 ( ) Dnepr Rear Drive Casings Allow for Adding Locking Differential First Available in Ural: Sportsman IMZ ( ) Only True Differential for Ural Pre- Patrol Model 3. Full-Time, Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) with Locking (Engageable) Differential Dnepr MB-750 ( ) Dnepr MB-650 ( ) Dnepr MB-750M ( ) 4. Full-Time, One-Wheel Drive (1WD) with Engageable Locking 2WD (non-diff) Available in Various Ural Models Production: Patrol (1998-Current), Gear-Up (2001-Current) and Patrol-T (2009-Current) Limited Editions with Engageable Sidecar Drive Shaft: Derivatives of Patrol or Gear-Up Basic (2005), Raven (Vorona) (2006), Pustinja (2007), Wjuga (2008), Sahara (2009) and Taiga (2010)

7 Ural (Урал( Урал) ) / Dnepr (Днепр( Днепр) Drive Train and Rear Suspension Ural (Урал( Урал) ) Model M-72 Production Engine 750cc SV Voltage 6-Volt Drive Train Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Rear Suspension Plunger M-72K cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Plunger M-72M cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Plunger M cc OHV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Plunger M-62 (Ural-1) cc OHV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Plunger M-63 (Ural-2) cc OHV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) M-66 (Ural-3) cc OHV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) M-67 (IMZ-8.101) cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) M cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Sportsman IMZ cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time 2WD with non-locking Differential Series cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time 1WD with Engageable 2WD (No Diff) 750 Series 2003-Present 750cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time 1WD with Engageable 2WD (No Diff) Dnepr (Днепр)( Model M-72 Production Engine 750cc SV Voltage 6-Volt Drive Chain Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Rear Suspension Plunger M-72N (H) cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) Plunger K cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) K-750M cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) MT-12 (Dnepr-12) cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time 2WD with Non-Locking Differential * * MB cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time 2WD with Locking (Engageable) Diff * MB-750M cc SV 6-Volt Full-Time 2WD with Locking (Engageable) Diff * K-650/MT cc OHV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) K-650/MT cc OHV 6-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) MB cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time 2WD with Locking Differential * MB-650M cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time 2WD with Non-Locking Differential * * MT cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) MT cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) MT-11 (Dnepr-11) cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time, Straight Final Drive (1WD) MT-16 (Dnepr-16) cc OHV 12-Volt Full-Time 2WD with Non-Locking Differential * * * Locking Feature Deleted after Two Years of Production, * * Optional Kit Available to Add Locking Differential

8 Russian Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) Time-Line Dnepr MB-650 M-73 (Modified M-72) M with an Engagable Sidecar Drive and Brake, but No Production) Mother of All Russian Sidecars: M-72M Swing-Arm Frame Introduced with K-750K M-72 Minor Redesigned and Issued as M-72NM MB-750 Introduced with Differential Drive Locking Differential Added on MB-750, MB-650 and MB-750M, Later Dropped Dnepr Dnepr MB-750 MB-750M Taiga Sahara Dnepr MB-650 Dnepr MB-750M Dnepr MB-650M Locking Differential Dnepr Upgrade Kit Available Dnepr MT-12 MT-16 Ural Sportsman (True Differential) Wjuga Ural Patrol Pustinja (non-diff 2WD) Raven Basic Ural Gear-Up (non-diff 2WD) Ural Limited Editions (non-diff 2WD) Ural Patrol-T (non-diff 2WD) KMZ s (Dnepr factory) first production 2WD was the MB-750 (1964), with a rear drive modeled on the WW-II BMW R75. The first production Ural 2WD post-war was the short-lived Sportsman in the mid-1990's, to be followed by the non-diff Patrol and Gear-Up.

9 Standard One-Wheel Drive (1WD) Russian Sidecars 1949 Ural M-72M 1967 Ural M-63M 1982 Dnepr MT Dnepr K-750K 1959 Dnepr K-750K 1959 Ural M-61M Focusing on the area to the right of the rear drive (non-u.k.), 1WD motorcycles don t have a transverse driven shaft to power the sidecar wheel.

10 Standard One-Wheel Drive (1WD) Russian Sidecars Dnepr MT-11 Dnepr MT-11 Dnepr MT-9 Dnepr MT-11 Dnepr MT Dnepr MT-11 Dnepr s M-72, K-750, MT-10, MT-10.36, MT-11 and Ural s M-72, M-61, M-62, M-63, M-66, M-67, M were all one-wheel drive (1WD).

11 Standard One-Wheel Drive (1WD) Russian Sidecars 1956 M-72M M with Sidecar Temporarily Removed 1991 MT Ural Retro Focusing on the area to the right of the rear drive, 1WD motorcycles don t t have a driven shaft to power the sidecar wheel.

12 Modern Urals with Standard One-Wheel Drive (1WD) and Engageable,, Locked Two-Wheel Drive (2WD, non-diff) Ural-T Patrol 2WD Engageable Lever (non-diff) Taiga Limited Edition Patrol-T Modern Urals offer an engageable, non-differential, only for off-road driving.

13 Ural Patrol-T T with Full-Time 1WD and Engageable 2WD Engageable 2-Wheel Drive (non-diff)

14 Ural Limited Edition Sidecars with Standard Full-Time 1WD and Engageable 2WD (non-diff) Basic (2005) Vorona Raven (2006) Pustinja (2007) Wjuga (2008) Sahara (2009) Taiga (2010) Modern Urals offer an engageable, non-differential, only for off-road driving, as an option for the Patrol and Gear-Up versions.

15 Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) with Differential (roker.kiev.ua) Sidecar Wheel Creates a Resistance to Movement on Its Own Track Tends to Turn Bike to the Right Effective Way to Improve Control Is to Transfer Torque to Sidecar Wheel Applied to Dnepr s MB-750 / MB-650 in Limited Production Basis for Dnepr-12 (MT-12) and Dnepr-16 (MT-16) with Increased Production Selected Skewness Differential Ratio: 19:11 (Number of Gear Teeth) 63% of Torque Supplied to Main Gear & 37% to Sidecar Wheel Reducer No Need to Set Camber and Toe Angles, as the Sidecar Is Not Pulling Plane of Wheels Parallel to Each Other and Perpendicular to Road Surface Reduces Rolling Resistance (Compared to Conventional Sidecar Rig) Up to 25% Increased Tire Mileage and Reduced Fuel Consumption Differential Operation In Rear Drive Are Two Gear Shafts (Master and Slave) with a Pair of Cylindrical Gears Slotted Hub-Driven Gear Protrudes from Gear Cover and Interfaces with Internal Splined Wheel Hub Shock Absorber Connected to Welded Ear on Side of Differential Transverse Propeller Shaft Passes under Sidecar Tub to Sidecar Reduction Gear Reduction Gear Constructed with a Pendulum Wheel Suspension Fixed to Sidecar Frame in Same Manner as Dnepr MT WD Transmission Scheme: 1. Engine 2. Clutch 3. Transmission 4. Final Drive 5. Sidecar Wheel Gear Reducer 6. Differential 7. Drive Wheel Unlike automotive differentials, consisting of bevel gears to distribute torque to the wheels symmetrically, the mechanism of Dnepr s MB-750 and MT-12 include a cylindrical gear transmission to the wheels, providing an uneven effort, where the sidecar wheel receives about 30 to 40% of the load and the bike wheel receives about 60 to 70%.

16 Dnepr MT-12 (2WD) with Full-Time Differential 1981 MT-12 MT-12 with Full-Time 2WD (Transverse Shaft to Sidecar Wheel) non-locking Differential (Hence No Activation Lever) Dnepr s MT-12 has a full-time 2WD (true differential), and no locking activation lever.

17 Dnepr MT-16 (2WD) with Full-Time Differential (databikes databikes.com) 1986 MT MT-16 Area for Later Addition of Locking Kit 1986 MT MT-16 Dnepr s MT-16 has a full-time 2WD (true differential), and no locking activation lever.

18 MT-16 Full-Time (non-locked) 2WD Differential ( advrider.com) Rear Brake Pads Propshaft from Gearbox Place for Retro-Fitting of Locking Differential Elastic Coupler Drive Shaft to Sidecar Wheel If the MT-16 had a locking differential added, such as in the MB-750, it would have a shaft with an actuation arm at the location shown by the red arrow.

19 Ural Sportsman, Sportsman, with Full-Time 2WD 1995 Ural Sportsman As Ural s first and only full-time 2WD sidecar, the Sportsman does not need a lever on the rear drive. The Sportsman was produced from 1995 to 1998, morphing into today s Patrol, which had an engageable 2WD (non-differential).

20 1975 MB-750M with Full-Time 2WD (sovietsteeds sovietsteeds.com) For the first few years the MB-750M had a Locking Differential, which was later dropped as shown here. All 2WD Dneprs are full-time with true differentials, and some Dneprs have locking diff s on top of that. All 2WD Urals, except for the Sportsman, cannot be used on hard surfaces when 2WD is manually engaged, because there is no real differential.

21 Russian Powered Sidecar (2WD) Development In 1943/4, M-73 (modified M-72) with Engageable Sidecar Drive and Sidecar Brake Developed Never Put into Mass Production Due to Ready Availability of Jeeps In 1958/9, Swing-Arm Frame Introduced into Next-Generation K-750 K-750 Essentially Same Bike as M-72 with a Swing-Arm Frame Replacing Plunger Frame, to Cope with Rugged Russian Terrain In 1964, MB-750 (Military Version of K-750) Introduced with Differential Drive to Sidecar Wheel Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) Brother of K-750 KMZ s First Production 2WD MB-750 (MW-750) ( ) Had Full-Time 2WD with Planetary Differential Swing-Arm Framed, Sidevalve (SV) 750 cc Engine Differential Drive Modeled on the WW-II Zundapp System Lockable Differential Seems to Have Only Been Used for a Few Years, Then Dropped Rear Drive Castings Remained the Same, Allowing for Retro-Fit In 1995, First Production Ural 2WD, Post-War Bike Was the Sportsman ( ) Full-Time 2WD with Planetary Differential Replaced by the Patrol with Engageable 2WD (non-differential) Drive Just as the one-wheel drive (1WD) sidecar can be traced back to the German R71, the split torque two-wheel drive (2WD) differential can be traced back to the BMW R75.

22 Changes in Final Drive Chain Introduction of Mother of Russian Heavy Sidecar Motorcycles: M-72 Born 1941 Exact Copy of the 1938 BMW R-71 (except for larger gas tank and weaker metallurgy) One-Wheel Drive (1WD) Standard Dnepr Differential Drive Sidecars: MB-750 ( ) / MB-750M ( ): 2WD Brother of K-750 MB-750 / MB-750M: Military Version of MT-12 with Full-Time 2WD and Engageable Locking Differential Added Lockable Differential Seems to Have Only Been Used for a Few Years, Then Dropped MB-650 ( ) / MB-650M ( ): Full-Time 2WD with 650cc Engine MB-650-M1 ( ): Military Version of MT-16 MT-12 and MT-16 Full-Time 2WD, Supplying Power to Pusher (73%) and Sidecar (37%) Differential Lock Not Present (No Locking Lever) MT-12 ( ): Civilian Model with Full-Time 2WD and No Locking Differential MT-16 ( ): MT-11 with Full-Time 2WD and No Locking Differential Ural Differential Drive: Sportsman First Production Ural with 2WD ( ) True Differential Pre-Patrol Model Ural Changed to Engageable Two-Wheel, Non-Differential Drive (2WD) Sidecars: Engage Sidecar Drive Shaft Using Lever Near Rear Drive Available in Various Models: Production: Patrol (1998-Current), Retro, Gear-Up (2001-Current), Patrol-T (2009-Current) Limited Editions with Engageable Sidecar Drive Shaft: Basic (2005), Raven (2006), Pustinja (2007), Wjuga (2008), Sahara (2009) and Taiga (2010) We have seen One-Wheel Drive (1WD), full-time Two-Wheel Drive (2WD), 2WD with locking differential and finally engageable 2WD, where the driver could manually put the sidecar wheel into place when the going got nasty.

23 Ural One-Wheel Drive (1WD): Lacking Any Sidecar (Transverse) Propeller Shaft One quickly notices that the 1WD rear drive does not have a transverse drive shaft to power the sidecar wheel.

24 Final Drive: Propeller Shaft and Rear Drive Propeller Shaft Rear Wheel Axle Flexible Joint Power from Gearbox Universal Joint Rear Drive 1 - Driven Gear Fastening Bolt 13 - Oil Drain Duct 25 - Flexible Disk Band 2 - Driven Gear Rim 14 - Needle Bearing 26 - Flexible Disk (Doughnut) 3 - Gasket 15 - Double-Row Ball Bearing 27 - Flexible Joint Driven Disk (Flange) 4 - Crankcase Bushing 16 - Adjusting Washer (Shim) 28 - Packing Ring 5 - Needle Bearing Roller 17 - Universal Joint Fork Seal 29 - Needle Bearing 6 - Casing Seal 18 - Protective Washer 30 - Wedge Bolt 7 - Seal Cover 19 - Universal Joint Splined Fork 31 - Bearing Nut 8 - Rear Wheel Axle 20 - Lock Ring (Circlip( Circlip) 32 - Gasket 9 - Seal Spring 21 - Universal Joint Cross 33 - Driving Gear 10 - Distance Bushing 22 - Grease Cup 34 - Casing Cover 11 - Casing 23 - Propeller Shaft 35 - Adjusting Washer (Shim) 12 - Driven Gear Hub 24 - Lock Ring 36 - Ball Bearing

25 Final Drive: Propeller Shaft and Final Drive (cont.) Power Delivered from Gearbox to Rear Wheel by Drive Shaft (propeller shaft) and Rear Drive with Bevel Gears Drive shaft Coupled to Gearbox via Flexible Rubber Collar (doughnut) and Universal joint Flexible Joint (27) Is a Coupling Fitted with Plates and Pins Splined Propeller Shaft (23) Fits into Coupling Disk (27) Flexible Disk (26) Transitions to Transmission Gear Box Flexible Coupling Helps Dampen Torque Impulses universal joint Allows suspension travel of the rear wheel Rear Drive is a Cast housing containing a helical bevel gear set Bevel Gear Set Contains Small Pinion Gear (Driver) and Ring Gear (Driven) Turns the Rear Wheel Axle at a Lower Speed than the Propeller Shaft Gear Backlash Adjusted via Washers or Shims (16) Installed between Side Portion of Casing Cover and Inner Race of Ball Bearing (15) to / 0.1 to 0.3 mm Backlash Necessary between Gear Faces Rear Casing Serves as Backing Plate for Brake Shoes, Oil Reservoir and Support for Right-Hand End of Rear Wheel Axle Oil Fill Hole Provided in Cover (34) Casing (11) Has Oil Drain Hole at Bottom with a Plug Cover (34) Attached to Casing Has a Slot and Two Studs Used to Fasten the Whole Drive to the Swinging Fork Arm of the Rear Suspension The final drive transfers power from the transmission output, via flexible coupling, propeller shaft and flexible coupling, to the rear drive, where it is transferred to the rear wheel (pusher) and for 2WD, the sidecar wheel.

26 Recent Quality Improvements in Ural Final Drive Chain Recent Quality Improvements in Ural Final Drive Chain 2003: New 750cc Ural Engine Replaced the 650 cc Engine Higher Output Ratio Gearing on 3rd & 4th Gears Allowing a Higher Cruising Speed of 65 mph for Standard 4.62 Final Drive (FD) Ratio New Drive Shaft with Course Splines to Reduce Chance of Stripping Out Drive Coupling 2006 Improvements Knob Style Dipstick Removable by Hand Nylock Nuts Used to Secure Final Drive to Engaged Austrian Design Office HC Concepts to Improve Ural Power Train Redesigned Many Internal Gears, Bearings and Seals in Final Drive Results Seen in the 2007 Ural Use of final drive lock nuts Labeled final drive engagement lever 2007 Improvements Redesigned Drive Shaft with Longer and Stronger Splines Improved 2WD Engagement Rod with Uni-Balls 2008 Improvements Herzog Drive Bevel Gears Stronger and Heat-Treated for Prolonged Life, Tighter Tolerances, and Cooler Running Temperatures (earliest availability summer 2008) 2009 Improvements Standard Greaseable U-Joints for 2WD Shaft 2010 Improvements New U-Joint Polymers 40% Stronger 2011 Improvements Improved High-Strength Final Drive Ring Gear Bolts 2012 Improvements Castle Nut Replaced with Standard Self-Locking Nut on Flex Coupler New Polymer Material Replaced Rubber for Flexible U-joint, 40% Stronger Tourist, Patrol, Gear-Up, Patrol T: Sidecar Drive Shafts Powder-Coated on 2WD Models Gear-Up: Sidecar Drive Distance Bushing Changed to Reduce Drive Bearing Failures

27 1968 Dnepr MB-750 with Manual Locking Differential (2WD) Control Rod (databikes.com) Manual Locking Activation Lever Transverse Shaft to Sidecar Wheel Gear Reducer Dnepr s s MB-750 has a true differential 2WD, with a manual activation lever. A shift linkage on the final drive hub indicates that it is a selectable locking differential.

28 Handling Differences between the Ural Single-Wheel or One- Wheel Drive (1WD) and the Two-Wheel Drive (2WD) (myural.com) Note: This does not include characteristics for the Ural Sportsman model, or Dnepr s MT-12, MT-16, MB-750, MB-750M, MB-650, MB-650M, all of which have a full-time differential drive. Use of Ural 2WD (non-differential) Is Strictly for Off-Road, Gravel, Snow, Ice or Wet Slippery Surfaces When 2WD Engaged, both Rear and Sidecar Wheel Locked Together and Turn at the Same Rate No Differential Left Turns Are Easier than Right Turns, as It Is Easier for the Sidecar to Turn Around the Motorcycle than Other Way Around Using Power, the Motorcycle Can Be Slid Rapidly in a Left 180 Turn on Loose/Soft Ground Right Turns Require a 10 ft to 15 ft Turning Radius, Depending on Surface Type 2WD Meant for Extricating or Negotiating Through or Out of Low-Traction Environments Avoid Flying the Chair" While in 2WD Sidecar Wheel Contacting the Ground While Engaged in 2WD Can Damage the Axle Splines or Final Drive Engagement Gears Pulling in the Clutch Disengages Power to the Drive Train, Which Will Lessen Any Chance of Damage When the Wheel Again Makes Contact with the Ground Normal Pulling" and Drifting" Tendencies Are Reversed While in 2WD Normally in 1WD, Application of Throttle Causes Rig to Pull" to Right Due to Drag of Sidecar Wheel Letting Off Throttle Causes the Rig to Drift" to the Left Due to Free-Wheeling of Sidecar Wheel When 2WD Engaged, Power Is Split between Rear and Sidecar Wheels; Approximately 63% of Power Goes to Rear Wheel and 37% to Sidecar Wheel Apply Throttle When There Is No Longer Drag, but Acceleration from the Sidecar Wheel Which Will "pull" (push) You to the Left When You Let Off the Throttle, You Now Have More Drag Since the Sidecar Wheel Is Tied to the Transmission/Engine; and You Will "drift" to the Right Just As You Can Use the Normal "pulling" and "drifting" Tendencies to Assist You thru Normal 1WD Turns, the Same Can Be Done While in 2WD Remember the Tendencies Are Reversed and Somewhat Amplified While in 2WD The dream sidecar is a bike with 2WD with a differential like the MT-16, but with the ability to lock-in straight drive for off-road situations.

29 Dnepr 2WD Sidecar Transverse Drive Shaft Transverse Propshaft Sidecar Gear Reducer Transverse Propshaft With the tub removed, the sidecar drive shaft and gear reducer is clearly seen.

30 Rear Suspension on M-72, M M-61 M and M-62 M (1WD) Plunger Rear Suspension Was the Original Rear Suspension Design: M-72 Plunger Was Used on M-72, Ural M-61 and M-62 M-61 and M-62 Plunger Frames Different from the M-72 Frames Rear Suspension Connected to Rear Drive Next Generation Was the K-750 In 1958 Kiev Motorcycle Plant (KMZ) Replaced Plunger Framed M72-N with the Swingarm-Framed K-750 Essentially the Same Bike with a Swing-Arm Frame Instead of Plunger Frame Swing-Arm Is an Improvement in Rear Suspension with Shocks The K-750 was a Soviet improvement on plunger framed R-71/M-72 Design to Better Cope with Roads and Terrain Found throughout the USSR Rear Swing-Arm on Inside of Frame unlike Later Ural Swing-Arm Located on the Outside of Frame M-72 Plunger Suspension as Part of Rear Drive Cover Final Drive with Oil Filler in the Cover Was Introduced Along with the Splined Drive-Shaft on the M-61M

31 Early M-72 M Plunger Rear Suspension System M-72 Rear Suspension Motorcycle (Factory) M-72 (IMZ, KMZ) M-72K (IMZ) M-72M (IMZ) M-72H (KMZ) K-750 (KMZ) K-750M (KMZ) Ural M-61 (IMZ) Ural M-62 (IMZ) Ural M-63 (IMZ) Suspension Type Plunger Plunger Plunger Plunger Plunger Plunger Production M-72 pioneered the plunger (coiled spring) suspension, which was replaced in the K-750. Ural s M-61 and M-62 also used the plunger suspension system.

32 M-72 Plunger Rear Suspension (bcozz bcozz.multiply.com)

33 M-62 Final Drive and Rear Plunger Suspension ( ural-m62.com)

34 M-62 (1WD) M-72 pioneered the plunger suspension system, but was replaced in the K-750. Ural s M-61 and M-62 also used the plunger suspension system.

35 1WD versus 2WD Suspension of Rear Drive Swing-Arms Differ on the Drive Side 1WD Swing-Arm Has a Simple Plate Which Bolts to Four Studs around the Axle Hole of the Rear Drive Casing 2WD Swing-Arm Has a C-Shaped Fork Which Attaches to the Circumference Bolts on the Rear Drive Casing 2WD: C-Shaped C Fork of Rear Drive Swing-Arm Gearboxes are also distinguished by the appearance and method of fastening to an arm rear suspension.

36 Ural M-62, M M-63, M M-66, M M-67 M Swing-Arm Frame 4 Holes for Mounting Swing-Arm Directly to 1WD Rear Drive Casing 1.Silent Block Pendulum Fork 2.Spacer 3.Plug 4.Bolt lower tip 5.Swingarm Rear Suspension Fork 6, 7. Threaded Bushing Assembly 8. Pendulum Fork Bolt 9. Washer 10, 11, 12, 13. Reinforcing Plate 14. Rubber Bushing 15. Frame 16. Spring Shock Absorber Because Ural s M-62 / M-63 / M-66 / M-67 do not offer 2WD, the swing-arm is not C-shaped on the open end.

37 Ural M-66 M (1WD) Rear and Sidecar Wheel Suspension 1. Sidecar Wheel Axle 2. Guard Plate 3. Pendulum Wheel Axle Lever 4. Sidecar Wheel Shock Absorber 13. Motorcycle Frame 21. Rear Suspension Swing-Arm Fork 24. Sidecar Frame 25. Clamping Holder (cross-section) 26. Silent Block 27. Pin Rear Drive Swing-Arm Sidecar Wheel Swing-Arm

38 Ural M-63 M (1WD) Rear Swing-Arm Suspension Rear Swing-Arm Suspension The M-63 was the first Ural to use a rear swing-arm suspension. Notice that unlike the KMZ/Dnepr bikes, the swing-arm is on the outside of the frame.

39 Modern Ural 1WD versus 2WD Suspension 8. IMZ Rear Suspension Swing-Arm for 2WD (IMZ is Ural Sportsman ( ) 1998) or 650cc Patrol ( ) 33. Silent Block Bushing 9. IMZ Rear Suspension Swing-Arm 1WD (IMZ is a 650cc Ural) The swing-arm is different between the 1WD and 2WD modern Urals. The 2WD version uses a C-shaped support which allows the transverse shaft to drive the sidecar wheel.

40 The Differential (Standard vs. Locked) The Differential (Standard vs. Locked) Sometimes Called the Pumpkin", Where the Rear Axle Intersects with Drive Shaft Consists of a Set of Gears that Convert Rotating Motion of Driveshaft for 1WD, and Split Power to each of the Driving Axle Shafts (Pusher and Sidecar Wheels) for 2WD A True Differential Transmits Power to the Wheels, While Allowing Them to Rotate at Different Speeds, Thus the Term "differential" Need for Wheels to Rotate at Different Speeds When Turning Corners Inner Wheel Travels a Shorter Distance than the Outer Wheel in the Turn If One Wheel Slips (for Instance One Wheel Comes into Contact with Mud, Snow, or Ice, or If the Wheel Is Somehow Removed from Contact with the Road after Encountering an Obstacle or Area of Soft Ground) More Torque Is Sent to the Wheel That Slips If That Slipping Wheel Completely Looses Traction, All Power Will Be Sent to That Slipping Wheel and You Have No Forward Momentum, at Which Point It Will Be Stuck When Off-Road, This Is Where the 2WD Differential Fails to Remain Effective When Off-Road There Are Many Situations Where a Wheel Will Spin Free A Locking Differential Solves This Problem by Delivering 100% of Available Torque to the Wheel with the Most Traction Locking Differential or Locker Provides Increased Traction Compared to a Standard or "open" Differential by Disallowing Wheel Speed Differentiation between the Two Wheels Locking Differential Essentially "locks" Both Wheels Together Thus Difficult to Negotiate a Turn On-Road Forces Both Wheels to Turn in Unison, Regardless of the Traction (or lack thereof) Available to Either Wheel Individually

41 Dnepr 1WD / 2WD Rear Drives and Sidecar Gear Reducer (oppozit.ru) RearDrive (1WD) Rear Drive (1WD) Rear Drive Mounting (2WD) Sidecar Gear Reducer (2WD) Rear Drive (2WD) 2WD Dneprs use a gear reduction box to match the transverse rotation speed to that of the sidecar wheel.

42 M-73: Prototype to M-72 M 72 (bcozz.multiply.com) First Soviet 2WD Was the IZH-1 (1929), but Never Achieved Large Production M-73 (1950s) was Prototype of M-72 incorporating Sidecar Wheel Drive First production 2WD was Either the M-73 or TMZ-53 of Time frame M-73 Featured Improved Off-Road Performance with Sidecar Wheel Drive The M-73 was built from late 1942 to 1944 in Small Numbers Had a Dog Clutch to Sidecar Drive, Otherwise a Normal M-72 TMZ Was a 1000 cc Sidevalve, Modeled on the BMW R75 Rigid rear and lockable differential drive with reverse. Both KMZ and IMZ built prototype 2WD plunger frame bikes in the 1950's KMZ s (Dnepr s) First Production 2WD was the MB-750 (1963) Swingarm-Framed Sidevalve Differential Drive Loosely Patterned on the WW-II Zundapp System Locking Differential Added on the MB-750M ( ) Production IMZ (Ural) 2WD Was the Sportsman in the late 1990's Full-Time Differential Drive Replaced by Patrol with an Engagable, non-differential Drive for Off-Road Close-Up of the Three Gear Levers; Neutral Finder/Gear-Change Lever, Hi/Lo Ratio Lever and Sidecar Drive Lock Lever