Copyright 2007 Charles P. Dahan

Transcription

1 Copyright 2007 Charles P. Dahan

2 Past V.E.R.T Projects Series Hybrid Snowmobile Electric Utility Snowmobile Series Hybrid SAE Race Car

3 Personal Watercrafts PWC

4 Outline Project s Goals PWC Performance Characteristics Drive Cycles Modeling Results Conclusions

5 Project s Goals Determine if electric or plug-in series hybrid technology can be incorporated in a PWC by using MatlabSimulink Can a hybrid PWC perform at the minimum i standards d of a conventional PWC's?

6 Personal Watercrafts Overview Safe Powerful Maneuverable High fuel consumption 1.48 million units owned in Personal Watercraft Industry Association. (2006).The History, Evolution and Profile of Personal Watercraft. Washington D.C

7 Vehicle Speeds

8 Power Requirements

9 Fuel Consumption

10 Fuel Consumption (Per Passenger km) Helicopter ~ 11.4 l/100km PWC ~ l/100km Cruise Ships ~ 13 l/100km

11 Drive Cycle 1 Wakeboarding Relaxed drive cycle Duration: 35 minutes

12 Drive Cycle 2 Tubing Aggressive drive cycle Duration: 45 minutes

13 Modeling MatlabSimulink Forward dlooking Model Calculates theoretical electric power demands from mechanical power demands Backwards Looking - Model Calculates expected vehicular performance from actual electrical power demands Drive Cycle RPM Demand Forward Looking Model Theoretical Electrical Demand Backward Looking Model Predicted Vehicular Performance

14 Slide 13 CPD1 Don't know if this slide is totally necessary Charles Dahan, 10/28/2007

15 Modeling Drive -Trains DC Series Wound Motor High power output per unit Low power density (.35kW/kg) DC Permanent Magnet Motors Low power output per unit High power density Lithium-Ion Batteries Lithium Technologies 33Ah HE W-h/kg (Gasoline: W-h/kg)

16 Selected Modeling Results Series Wound DC Tubing Run Time (min) Drive Cycle Completion (%) Tubing Power P/F Wake Run Time (min) Drive Cycle Completion (%) Wake Power P/F Gas Pass Pass Cond - Pass Pass Satisfactory Pass FB1 2 OVERCAPACITY Satisfactory OVERCAPACITY Pass FB1 3 Pass Pass Advanced DC (203 X) kw Continuous 8 Rotor and 45 kg Advanced DC FB (FB1 X) kw Continuous 9 Rotor and 65 kg Advanced DC

17 Selected Modeling Results DC Perm Magnet Tubing Run Time (min) Drive Cycle Completion (%) Tubing Power P/F Wake Run Time (min) Drive Cycle Completion (%) Wake Power P/F Gas Pass Pass ETEK Cond-Pass Pass ETEK Satisfactory Pass PMG Satisfactory Pass PMG Pass Pass Briggs & Stratton ETEK ( ETEK X) 6 kw Continuous 9.51 kg Perm PMG-132 (PMG X) 7.1 kw Continuous kg Perm PMG-132

18 Hybrid Options Series Hybrid Genset Batteries Electric Motor Drive Output

19 Hybrid Options Parallel Series ICE Electric Generator Gearing With Clutch Energy Storage Electric Motor Drive Output

20 Conclusions PWC pose a serious environmental danger Further advances ances in motor power densities are required Battery energy densities need to improve Fully-electric PWC currently not viable Further modeling is required for parallelg q p series hybrids

21 Questions?

22 Performance Targets 1. Power Requirements a. Pass 100% of power demands b. Satisfactory 90+% of power demands. 2. Range Capabilities a. 45 minutes of tubing b. 35 minutes of wakeboarding

23 Model Architecture MatlabSimulink

24 Modeling Drive - Train DC Series Wound High power output per unit Less gearing necessary Low Power Density ~.34 kw/kg Heavy & Large DC Permanent Magnet, Pancake - style Lower power output per unit Large number of motors needed Complex gearing required High power Density.63 kw/kg Small & Light

25 Drive Train Batteries Lithium Ion Cells Used in Modeling Lithium Technologies 33Ah HE Energy Density: 105 Wh/kg Gasoline Energy Density: 10,100 13,800 W-hr/kg Simple modeling was carried out to get first Simple modeling was carried out to get first approximation calculations.