Performance Optimization with Grid-tied Storage by Chris Thompson 2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

Transcription

1 Performance Optimization with Grid-tied Storage by Chris Thompson

2 To be a power management leader, it helps to have a 100 year head start Founded in sales of $23B >50 years on the S&P 500 Innovation centers in regions around the world Customers in more than 175 countries More than 100,000 employees worldwide 50% of sales outside the U.S. 2

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4 Eaton s Utility-Scale Product Solutions DC switching and protection Gird-tied inverters AC switching and protection (LV) DC Fuses DC circuit breakers AC panelboards/ switchboards Low voltage switchgear DC disconnect switches DC panelboards/ switchboards AC disconnect switches AC circuit breakers AC switching and protection (MV) Medium voltage AC switchgear Customized packaging Integrated power assembly (IPA) Controls, Monitoring and metering IQ and PXM meters LV and MV transformers LV and MV substations Power Xpert software 4

5 New generation: intermittency the major player The power generation landscape in the US is changing dramatically Nukes are being shut down (4 announced so far) Coal cannot be permitted due to high emissions Low natural gas prices and ample supply make natural gas more attractive than ever Solar becoming increasingly price competitive and now a major player in new generation US New Generation (GW) Solar 36% Wind 15% Nuclear 0% Coal 9% Natural Gas 40% Source: US EIA 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 5 5

6 MW US Solar market snapshot (MW) Solar has a huge head-start over storage Many shared lessons to be learned 9,000 PV Installations in US 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 Utility-Scale (> 5 MW) Large Commercial ( MW) Medium Commercial (100.1 kw - 1 MW) Small Commercial ( kw) Residential ( 10 kw) 1, m 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. Source: IHS Q4 13, PV Inverter Market Data 6 6

7 3 Categories Performance Efficiency of the system including ancillary loads Price Turn-key installation and optimal design Packaging Optimized for the application 2011 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 7 7

8 Performance Matters Unlike solar, power losses are round trip Inverter, transformer, cabling losses all get doubled In some cases, inefficiency is compounded Inefficient batteries require more air-conditioning Inverters inside containers sometimes need airconditioning Operating conditions are complex Measuring efficiency can be more complicated Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 8 8

9 Performancd: Efficiency Complex and battery-dependent for the inverter Straightforward for the transformer 9

10 Performance: Connections Direct bus connections to reduce line losses 10

11 Price Price is more than just the equipment cost Excavation Pads Equipment placement Connections 11

12 Benefits of Compactness Compact solutions save solution costs in several ways Excavation costs Pad costs Shipping costs 12

13 Modularity 13

14 Modular Designs Modularity reduces custom engineering work 14

15 Inverter Packaging Early solar inverters often started as VFD drive units and were typically NEMA-1 rated E-houses became a necessity Temp control: drives often can t handle high and low temps Environmental contaminants: air cooled drives often pulled in lots of debris and needed physical protection 15

16 Inverter Packaging Ehouses tend to have flat roofs and do not shed snow. Snow can pile up and block doors and impede entry Snow or debris can get sucked in by air intakes Piled snow can melt and then drip through low vents 16

17 Packaging: Outdoor Designs Does not impede airflow to the inverter Inverter breathes normally and does not let exhaust air mix with intake Intake and exhaust high off the ground where air is clean Easy access to unit on all sides for comfortable working space 17

18 Remember the 3 P s Performance Efficiency of the system including ancillary loads Price Turn-key installation and optimal design Packaging Optimized for the application Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved. 18

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