GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS

Transcription

1 2001 KANSAS PERFORMANCE TESTS WITH GRAIN SORGHUM HYBRIDS R E P O R T O F P R O G R E S S 3 Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service CN RA DC NT PL SM JW RP WS MS NM BR DO SH TH SD GH RO OB MC WA LG GO TR EL RS LC EW GL WH SC LE NS RH BT RC PN HM KE FI HG SF RN GY FO ED ST GT HS KW PR KM MT SV SW ME CA BA CM HP CD OT SA MP HV SG SU CY DK RL PT WB GE MR LY MN CS GW BU EK CL CQ JA SN OS CF WO WL MG AT JF DG FR AN AL NO LB LV JO MI LI BB CR CK WY summer fallow continuously cropped land irrigated

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Test objectives and procedures Statewide growing conditions... 2 RESULTS: GRAIN SORGHUM PERFORMANCE TESTS NORTHEAST Brown County Powhattan Table Riley County Manhattan Table 2... Republic County Belleville Table 3... Yield Summary Table Figure SOUTHEAST Franklin County Ottawa Table Chase County Strong City Table Labette County Parsons Table... 1 Yield Summary Table... 1 Figure SOUTH CENTRAL Harvey County Hesston Table Reno County Hutchinson Table Stafford County St. John Table Sumner County Wellington Abandoned, drought Yield Summary Table Figure WEST Ellis County Hays Table Thomas County Colby Table Greeley County Tribune Abandoned, drought Finney County Garden City Table Yield Summary Table Figure... 3 IRRIGATED Republic County Scandia Table Stafford County St. John Lost, accidental harvest Thomas County Colby Table Greeley County Tribune Table Finney County Garden City Table Yield Summary Table Figure TANPLANT Franklin County Ottawa Table Republic County Belleville Table Harvey County Hesston Table Thomas County Colby Table Finney County Garden City Table Summary Table APPENDIX 1: Entrants in the 2001 Kansas Grain Sorghum Performance Tests : Entries in the 2001 Kansas Grain Sorghum Performance Tests : Iron chlorosis and sooty stripe screening of entries in 2001 performance tests... 5 Electronic Access, University Research Policy, and Duplication Policy...back cover Contribution No. 0213S from the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station. i

3 2001 KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM PERFORMANCE TESTS INTRODUCTION TEST OBJECTIVES AND PROCEDURES Sorghum Performance Tests, conducted annually by the Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, provide farmers, extension workers, and private research and sales personnel with unbiased agronomic information on many of the sorghum hybrids marketed in the state. Entry fees from private seed companies help finance the tests. Seed companies receive test announcements and entry forms in late January each year; deadlines for receipt of completed entry forms and seed are in early March. Because entry selection and location are voluntary, not all hybrids grown in the state are included in tests, and hybrids are not grown uniformly at all test locations. Individual test discussions include summaries of growingseason weather data for each location. These data are from the nearest weatherreporting station and often are supplemented with information from the test site. Precipitation graphs include cumulative lines for 2001 and the 30year normal in addition to the daily rainfall amounts since last fall. Temperature graphs include daily maximum and minimum temperatures compared with normal. Growing degree graphs include cumulative lines for 2001 and normal. All graphs indicate planting, heading, and harvest dates, if available. The graphs reveal general trends in precipitation and temperature compared to normal. For more detailed information, a table is included with monthly totals and averages for the growing season. Comparisons of the current year's weather with longtime averages often help explain unusual plant development patterns and inconsistent performance of individual hybrids over years. Beginning in 1, seedapplied insecticide was requested for each entry. Check hybrids were included at each location with and without seedapplied insecticide to estimate the potential advantage of the insecticide. The insecticide tended to confer a slight yield benefit at most locations, especially in the presence of earlyseason insect pests. Check the "INSECTICIDE EFFECT" summary in the descriptive information for each test. Explanatory information is given preceding data summaries for each test. Tables 121 contain results from the grain sorghum performance test locations. Hybrids are listed in order of increasing days to half bloom and increasing grain moisture for the current year, so hybrids of similar maturity appear together. Yield summaries following each group of tests (Tables 4,, 12, 1, 21) present currentyear yield as a percent of the average for each location. Figures 10 graphically summarize yield and maturity information over the past 3 years for each region. Hybrid performance is standardized using the average of three check hybrids present in every test (C305, RS10, and TX252xTX430). The number beside each bar shows the number of tests where a given hybrid was compared with the check hybrids. In general, the greater the number of comparisons, the greater confidence one can place in the stated performance of that hybrid. Symbols beside the bar indicate if a hybrid was significantly greater () or lower () than the average of the check hybrids. No symbol means no difference. As with individual test results, small differences should not be overemphasized. Relative ranking and large differences are better indicators of hybrid performance. Grain from tanplant hybrids is desirable for human food consumption and poultry feed. This year, five locations of a regional study to evaluate available tanplant hybrids were planted in Kansas. Results are presented in Tables The appendices present additional information for each hybrid. Appendix 1 includes contact information for companies that entered hybrids in the tests. Appendix 2 lists descriptive information provided by the entrants for each hybrid. Appendix 3 presents the results of iron chlorosis 1

4 and sooty stripe screening conducted for all hybrids in Most tests are planted at a rate 30 to 40 above the desired population and only minimally thinned. Planting to stand includes hybrid differences in stand establishment and earlyseason vigor in the overall performance evaluation. These differences may or may not be genetically controlled but contribute to marketed product performance in either case. Therefore, they are included in performance comparisons. Tractorpowered, modified, airplanters were used for nearly all tests. Three or four plots (replications) of each hybrid were grown at each location in a randomized complete block design. Each harvested plot consisted of two rows trimmed to a specific length ranging from 20 to 30 feet at the different locations. Agronomists used specialized plot combines equipped with automatic weighing and sampling devices to harvest most tests. Results for each grain sorghum test include GRAIN YIELDS reported as bushels per acre of shelled grain (5 lbs/bu) adjusted to a moisture content of BUSHEL YIELDS also are converted to YIELDS AS PERCENTAGES OF THE TEST AVERAGE to speed recognition of highestyielding hybrids (more than 100, the test average). The actual test average in bushels per acre is listed as the test average in the YIELD AS OF TEST AVERAGE columns as a guide to actual yields. Hybrids yielding more than 100 of the test average year after year merit consideration, but adaptation to individual farms for appropriate maturity, stalk strength, and other factors also must be considered. When appropriate, tables include the number of LODGED stalks. Both broken stalks and stalks leaning more than 45 degrees from vertical were considered LODGED, although most were harvestable with modern machinery. Two characteristics contributed to estimations of relative maturity at most locations. DAYS FROM PLANTING TO HALF BLOOM is the number of days between planting and the date when half of the heads of a given hybrid have roughly half of the florets in bloom. GRAIN MOISTURE at harvest also may help categorize hybrids for relative maturity, when harvest is early enough to provide a range in moisture contents among entries. Entries are listed in order of increasing maturity based on days to half bloom and harvest moisture in the current year to facilitate comparison of hybrids of like maturity. Maturity can be critical when considering a sorghum hybrid for a specific cropping system. The GROWTH UNIT or GROWING DEGREE DAY concept was developed to measure the amount of heat available for growth and maturation. The formula used to generate the monthly totals in individual test discussions follows. Take the maximum temperature plus the minimum temperature for each day, divide by 2, and then subtract a base temperature of about 34 (actually 1 C was used in the calculations). The purpose is to describe temperatures for the season for comparison with previous years and other locations in explaining relative rates of plant development. Research by Dr. Richard Vanderlip and his students at Kansas State University has indicated an excellent relationship between the growth units generated by these calculations and the actual rate of plant development from blooming to physiological maturity. Growth unit accumulations for the current year are compared with the longterm 'normal' for each test. Small differences in yield or other characteristics should not be overemphasized. Least significant differences (LSD's) are shown at the bottom of each table. Unless two entries differ by at least the LSD shown, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other in that characteristic. The coefficient of variability (CV) can be used to estimate the degree of confidence one may have in published data from replicated tests. For yield estimates in this testing program, CV's below 10 generally indicate reliable, uniform data, whereas CV's of 10 to 15 are not uncommon and usually indicate that data are acceptable for the rough performance comparisons desired from these tests. Tests with CV's over 15 still may be useful, but hybrid comparisons lack precision STATEWIDE GROWING CONDITIONS Weather Summary The two most important weather factors affecting sorghum production, soil moisture and temperature, are graphed for the season in Figures 1 and 2. Figures 3 and 4 illustrate the 2

5 Mar 2Mar Surplus Adequate Short Very Short sorghum crop's condition and progress during the season and reflect the impacts of temperature and soilmoisture extremes. Planting began well ahead of the 5year average but at a pace similar to last year's (Figure 4). Heavy rains and relatively cool temperatures in late May and early June slowed planting so that it finished at about the normal time (Figures 1 and 2). The early planting of much of the crop accompanied by warm temperatures in late June and July allowed the crop to head and color at close to last year's early pace. Except for one week in the middle of August, at least one reporting station in Kansas recorded weekly high temperatures at or above 100 F for a period of 13 weeks from midjune until midseptember (Figure 2). Significant rains over much of the state in late July and early August dropped the percentage of crop acreage characterized as short or very short Planting Heading Coloring Average Harvest 0 May 14May 21May 2May 4Jun 11Jun 1Jun 25Jun 2Jul Jul 1Jul 23Jul 30Jul Aug 13Aug 20Aug 2Aug 4Sep 10Sep 1Sep 24Sep 1Apr 1Oct May Oct 2May 15Oct 1Jun 22Oct Jul 30Jul 20Aug 10Sep 1Oct 22Oct 2Oct 5Nov 13Nov Figure 1. Statewide status of topsoil moisture. 13Nov 5Mar 4Jun 2Mar 1Jun 1Apr 2Jul May Very Poor Poor Fair Good Excellent 2May 1Jul 1Jun 30Jul Jul 13Aug 30Jul MAX MIN Aug 2Aug 10Sep 10Sep 1Oct 24Sep 22Oct Figure Kansas weekly maximum and minimum temperatures. Figure 3. Condition of 2001 sorghum crop. 13Nov Oct Figure 4. Progress of 2001 Kansas grain sorghum crop. 3

6 of topsoil moisture from roughly 0 to 45. This appeared to be enough to carry much of the crop to harvest that otherwise might have experienced severe drought stress. Harvest started very early in southeast Kansas, but did not progress as rapidly as last year statewide. The condition of the crop declined sharply during June and early July but held steady thereafter (Figure 3). Nearly 0 of the crop was in good to excellent condition in early June, but roughly 45 was in those categories by midjuly. The percentage of the crop in the good or excellent categories varied between 40 and 45 for the rest of the season. (From CropWeather reports, Kansas Agricultural Statistics, Topeka) Insect Summary A range of insects attacked the sorghum crop in In May, the southern corn billbug damaged a field in Reno County. The field was infested with yellow nutsedge, the natural host for this insect. Greenbugs began to appear in early June. Populations continued to increase through July, especially in irrigated fields or in northeast Kansas where rainfall was more abundant. In some instances severe damage was sustained. Greenbugs struggled to survive in moisture stressed fields. By early August this pest was no longer much of a concern, particularly in areas receiving little rain. False chinch bugs appeared in May in southeast Kansas. In some places nymph infestations of this pest overwhelmed young sorghum plants on a field scale. Later in the season, adult infestations swarmed over sorghum heads in localized areas within fields. Typically these infestations did not require control measures. True chinch bugs were present as NW WC SW NC C SC NE EC SE Yield, bushels/acre Acres, 10,000s Production, 1,000,000 bushels Figure Kansas grain sorghum crop production by crop reporting district. well, but did not appear to cause aboveaverage concern this year. Corn leaf aphids caused some concern in far south central Kansas but only in a localized area. Some irrigated fields had severe infestations of Banks grass mite or twospotted spider mite. An emergency crisis exemption for Capture insecticide was granted for control of these pests in seed production fields. (From Kansas Insect Newsletter, Extension Entomology, Kansas State University and Kansas Cooperative Economic Insect Survey reports, Kansas Department of Agriculture.) Disease Summary Early in the year a number of fields exhibited symptoms of 'rootless sorghum syndrome'. These fields had retarded brace root development and were particularly susceptible to lodging later in the season. In late June the diagnostic lab received samples from southeast Kansas with high levels of sooty stripe, unusual for so early in the season. Dry weather during most of the remaining season appeared to minimize the impact from this disease. Numerous instances of crazy top downy mildew infections were reported this year. These infections were likely related to the wet conditions experienced in many areas in late May and early June. Late in the season many sorghum fields suffered significant lodging related to stalk rot infections. Fusarium stalk rot and charcoal rot appeared to cause most of the problems. Drought stress or excessive rain in some cases caused the stress that made the sorghum susceptible to these stalk rots. In addition the diagnostic lab received several sorghum samples with bacterial leaf stripe. (From Doug Jardine in Disease Alerts, Kansas State University Department of Plant Pathology.) The November Crops Report predicted a crop of million bushels, up 23 from This production is from 3.5 million acres, up by 550,000 acres from last year. Sorghum acres and production were concentrated in central, southwest, and west central Kansas (Figure 5). Yield levels in southern, central, and western districts tended to be lower than those in the eastern and northern districts. The highest yields were recorded in the northeast district at 4 bushels per acre. The predicted statewide average yield of 2 bushels per acre is 3 bushels higher than the 2000 yield average. 4

7 NORTHEASTERN KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL COUNTY: LOCATION: TEST SITE: 2000 CROP: BROWN Cornbelt Experiment Field, Powhattan Grundy silty clay loam Soybean 1 CROP: Sorghum 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 110 N 0 P O 0 K O The test was notill planted into a slightly wet seedbed Poorly closed seed furrows and crusting caused poor PLANTING DATE: 5//01 stands in several plots. Yields were thrown out or adjusted HARVEST DATE: /2/01 for the few plots with very poor stands. Excellent growing conditions during the rest of the season enabled the test to COOPERATORS: perform very well. &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV Larry Maddux, agronomist; Charles Clark and William Riley, technicians 35(&,3,$,21 3ODQWLQJ TARGET POPULATION: 55,000 plants/acre, 3. in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): 4 BLOOM DATES: /23/01 /30/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) 130 Range (bu/a) 4 15 LSD (bu/a) 11 CV () INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide Yield without insecticide Insecticide advantage * * * * = significant with 5 confidence ns = not significant at 5 level ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV )UHH]H/LQH 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*'(*5(('$< *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV 5

8 BRAND TABLE 1. Brown Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. NK KS GARST/AGRIPRO MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX MATURITY CHECK SR305 II PIONEER MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX MATURITY CHECK RS HOEGEMEYER DEKALB DK ASGROW ECLIPSE MIDLAND MX ASGROW A CROPLAN GEN FRONTIER F45E HOEGEMEYER HOEGEMEYER MYCOGEN NC B WARNER W25Y DEKALB DKS FRONTIER F00E GARST PIONEER 4G DEKALB DK MYCOGEN DYNAGRO DG0C NK K3J PIONEER 4Y ASGROW A KAYSTAR X KAYSTAR X NC W MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX WARNER W5E DYNAGRO DG51B DEKALB DK MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX CROPLAN GEN MIDLAND M45Y ASGROW MISSILE DYNAGRO DG0B AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Final Stand Hds per Plnt

9 NORTHEASTERN KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILT LOAM SOIL COUNTY: LOCATION: TEST SITE: 2000 CROP: RILEY Agronomy North Farm, Manhattan Reading silt loam Soybean 1 CROP: Sorghum 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 130 N 30 P O 0 K O The test was planted into a good seedbed and got off to a good start. A hail storm on June 1 caused minor damage PLANTING DATE: 5/14/01 when the sorghum was in the leaf stage. Good rains HARVEST DATE: /2/01 enabled the crop to develop well and fill grain, but extended dry periods between the rains stressed the crop. Stalk rots COOPERATORS: moved in as a result and caused some lodging. &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV Kraig Roozeboom, agronomist; Karl Mannschreck, superintendent 35(&,3,$,21 3ODQWLQJ TARGET POPULATION: 55,000 plants/acre, 3. in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): 11 BLOOM DATES: /21/01 /1/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) 112 Range (bu/a) 135 LSD (bu/a) 10 CV () INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide Yield without insecticide Insecticide advantage ns * ns 4 12 * = significant with 5 confidence ns = not significant at 5 level ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV )UHH]H/LQH 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*'(*5(('$< *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV

10 BRAND TABLE 2. Riley Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. NK KS NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX GARST/AGRIPRO MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX MATURITY CHECK RS MATURITY CHECK SR305 II CROPLAN GEN DYNAGRO DG0C MIDLAND MX GARST 5522Y MIDLAND M MIDWEST SEED G MYCOGEN NK K3J DEKALB DK PIONEER 5G DEKALB DK FRONTIER F00E MYCOGEN AGRIPRO AP NC B NK K5Y ASGROW A FRONTIER F45E GARST PIONEER 4Y DYNAGRO DG51B MIDLAND M ASGROW A ASGROW ECLIPSE CROPLAN GEN GARST/AGRIPRO PIONEER 4G MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NC W KAYSTAR X NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX MIDLAND M MIDLAND M KAYSTAR X DEKALB DKS MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX DEKALB DK DYNAGRO DG0B MIDLAND M45Y ASGROW MISSILE AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** NS NS * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Final Stand Hds per Plnt

11 NORTH CENTRAL KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILT LOAM SOIL COUNTY: REPUBLIC LOCATION: North Central Kansas Exp. Field, Belleville INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide TEST SITE: Crete silt loam Yield without insecticide Soybean Insecticide advantage ns * ns 2000 CROP: 4 23 * = significant with 5 confidence 1 CROP: Sorghum 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS ns = not significant at 5 level FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 150 N 30 P O 0 K O Excellent stands were achieved in all plots. Spring weather was cooler and wetter than normal with inches of rain in PLANTING DATE: 5/25/01 May. Hot, dry conditions dominated from the first week of HARVEST DATE: 10/10/01 June until the middle of July. Good rains at heading and early grain fill allowed the test to produce outstanding COOPERATORS: Barney Gordon, agronomist; Michael yields. Dry conditions in August may have led to the lodging Larson and Allan Milner, technicians seen in early maturing hybrids. A significant greenbug infestation caused some damage before a July 1 insecticide application. &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV 35(&,3,$,21 TARGET POPULATION: 50,000 plants/acre, 4.2 in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): 101 BLOOM DATES: /22/01 /5/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) 11 Range (bu/a) 3 12 LSD (bu/a) 12 CV () 3ODQWLQJ ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV )UHH]H/LQH 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*'(*5(('$< *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV

12 BRAND TABLE 3. Republic Co. Dry. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. PIONEER G GARST/AGRIPRO PIONEER G HOEGEMEYER MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX MATURITY CHECK RS MATURITY CHECK SR305 II NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX NK KS DEKALB DK GARST GARST/AGRIPRO HOEGEMEYER HOEGEMEYER MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX ASGROW A ASGROW ECLIPSE DYNAGRO DG51B KAYSTAR X DEKALB DK CROPLAN GEN DYNAGRO DG0C FRONTIER F45E FRONTIER F00E MIDLAND MX NK K3J CROPLAN GEN HOEGEMEYER ASGROW MISSILE DEKALB DK DYNAGRO DG0B MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NC W NC Y5K NK K5Y NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX PIONEER 4G TRIUMPH TR MIDLAND M45Y ASGROW A DEKALB DKS AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** NS NS 4 14 NS NS * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Final Stand Hds per Plnt 10

13 TABLE 4. NORTHEAST Kansas grain sorghum hybrid yield summary ( of test average), BRAND/NAME 1 BRD RLD RPD AVG. BRAND/NAME BRD RLD RPD AVG. AGRIPRO AP 20 3 ASGROW A A ECLIPSE 0 2 MISSILE CROPLAN GEN DEKALB DK DK DK DKS DYNAGRO DG51B DG0C DG0B 5 10 FRONTIER F45E 105 F00E GARST Y GARST/AGRIPRO HOEGEMEYER KAYSTAR X00 1 X X MIDLAND M425 3 M45Y M44 3 M41 M43 4 MX MIDWEST SEED G MYCOGEN NC B W Y5K 11 NK K5Y2 K3J KS PIONEER 4G Y G5 2 G1 4 G5 103 TRIUMPH TR WARNER W25Y 103 W5E 2 MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX RS SR305 II TX252xTX TX252xTX TX3042xTX NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX TX3042xTX AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** 11 1 BRD = Brown Co., Powhattan RLD = Riley Co., Manhattan RPD = Republic Co., Belleville 11

14 FIGURE. NORTHEAST Kansas sorghum hybrid standardized performance summary, Yield (bu/a) Maturity (days to bloom) Moisture () PIONEER 4G2 DEKALB DK DEKALB DKS5400 ASGROW A51 DEKALB DK4 NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX430 NK K3J CheckTX252x TX430 ASGROW MISSILE DEKALB DK53 MYCOGEN MYCOGEN 3 MYCOGEN 34 ASGROW A45 NK KS 55 HOEGEMEYER 055 GARST 5440 DEKALB DK GARST/AGRIPRO 5515 NC B4 MAT CHK TX252xTX23 NC R MAT CHK TX3042xTX23 DYNAGRO DG0B PIONEER NK K5Y DYNAGRO DG0C DYNAGRO DG51B KAYSTAR X DEKALB DK44 NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX23 CheckSR305 II CheckRS 10 MAT CHK OK11x TX241 Values beside bars indicate the number of comparisons with checks. Symbols (,) indicate if statistically higher or lower than mean of checks. 12

15 EAST CENTRAL KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILT LOAM SOIL COUNTY: LOCATION: TEST SITE: 2000 CROP: FRANKLIN East Central Kansas Experiment Field, Ottawa Woodson silt loam Soybean 1 CROP: Sorghum 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 0 N 0 P O 0 K O Favorable planting conditions resulted in excellent stands for most entries. Drought stress reduced yields and allowed PLANTING DATE: 5//01 stalk rots to develop, resulting in significant lodging. Much HARVEST DATE: 10/1/01 of the lodging occurred well before maturity causing a significant reduction in yield. COOPERATORS: &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV Keith Janssen, agronomist; Jim Kimball, technician 35(&,3,$,21 3ODQWLQJ TARGET POPULATION: 55,000 plants/acre, 3. in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): 125 BLOOM DATES: //01 /1/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) 5 Range (bu/a) 5 13 LSD (bu/a) 1 CV () 12 INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide Yield without insecticide 1 Insecticide advantage ns ns ns * = significant with 5 confidence ns = not significant at 5 level ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV )UHH]H/LQH 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*'(*5(('$< *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV 13

16 BRAND TABLE 5. Franklin Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX MATURITY CHECK SR305 II NK KS GARST GARST/AGRIPRO MATURITY CHECK RS MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX HOEGEMEYER DEKALB DK PIONEER MIDLAND MX DEKALB DK GARST NC B CROPLAN GEN HOEGEMEYER MYCOGEN HOEGEMEYER ASGROW A DEKALB DKS DELANGE DSA FRONTIER F45E FRONTIER F00E MYCOGEN HOEGEMEYER MIDLAND M WILLCROSS GB00TR ASGROW ECLIPSE MYCOGEN CROPLAN GEN PIONEER 4G WILLCROSS GB545C WILLCROSS GB545TR DELANGE DSA MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX TRIUMPH TR TRIUMPH TR MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX PIONEER 4Y CROPLAN GEN ASGROW A MIDLAND M45Y ASGROW MISSILE DEKALB DK AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Final Stand Hds per Plnt 14

17 SOUTHEAST KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILTY CLAY SOIL COUNTY: LOCATION: TEST SITE: 2000 CROP: CHASE ImMasche Research Center, Strong City Osage silty clay Soybean 1 CROP: Soybean 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 110 N 30 P O 0 K O The test was planted in a good seedbed, but moisture was uneven resulting in delayed emergence for some plants. PLANTING DATE: 5/11/01 However, final stands were excellent and were able to take HARVEST DATE: /2/01 advantage of timely rains throughout the season. Hot, dry weather stressed the test late in grain fill, but lodging was COOPERATORS: minimal. &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV Kraig Roozeboom, agronomist; Gene Eidman, cooperator 35(&,3,$,21 3ODQWLQJ TARGET POPULATION: 55,000 plants/acre, 3. in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): 122 BLOOM DATES: /1/01 /22/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) 130 Range (bu/a) LSD (bu/a) 12 CV () INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide Yield without insecticide Insecticide advantage ns ns ns 3 5 * = significant with 5 confidence ns = not significant at 5 level ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV )UHH]H/LQH 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*'(*5(('$< *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV 15

18 BRAND TABLE. Chase Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. FRONTIER F501E MATURITY CHECK RS MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX MATURITY CHECK SR305 II NC B NK KS NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX PIONEER MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX DEKALB DK GARST/AGRIPRO HOEGEMEYER ASGROW A DEKALB DK FRONTIER F00E DELANGE DSA HOEGEMEYER NC B GARST DEKALB DKS MYCOGEN WILLCROSS GB00TR DELANGE DSA ASGROW ECLIPSE HOEGEMEYER MYCOGEN ASGROW A HOEGEMEYER MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NC W NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX GARST/AGRIPRO PIONEER 4G WILLCROSS GB545TR MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX PIONEER 4Y TRIUMPH TR ASGROW MISSILE WILLCROSS GB545C DEKALB DK AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Final Stand Hds per Plnt 1

19 SOUTHEAST KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILT LOAM SOIL COUNTY: LABETTE LOCATION: Southeast Agricultural Res. Center, Parsons INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide 5 0 TEST SITE: Parsons silt loam Yield without insecticide 1 3 Soybean Insecticide advantage ns ns ns 2000 CROP: * = significant with 5 confidence 1 CROP: Sorghum 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS ns = not significant at 5 level FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 120 N 0 P O 0 K O Planting conditions were average at best. Final stands were much less than expected. Early rainfall gave way to PLANTING DATE: 5/14/01 summer drought conditions. Stalk rots, primarily Fusarium, HARVEST DATE: /13/01 moved in and caused lodging in many plots. Differences between hybrids in lodging were evident but appeared to be COOPERATORS: James Long, agronomist; Kelly Kusel, related to maturity. The early hybrids experienced the most technician lodging and tended to have the lowest yields. &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV 35(&,3,$,21 3ODQWLQJ TARGET POPULATION: 45,000 plants/acre, 4. in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): 0 BLOOM DATES: /20/01 /2/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) Range (bu/a) LSD (bu/a) 11 CV () ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*'(*5(('$< *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW )UHH]H/LQH $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV 1

20 BRAND TABLE. Labette Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX FRONTIER F501E HOEGEMEYER MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX NC C NK KS DEKALB DK GARST/AGRIPRO MATURITY CHECK RS MATURITY CHECK SR305 II NC B PIONEER ASGROW A ASGROW A DEKALB DK GARST 5522Y HOEGEMEYER HOEGEMEYER HOEGEMEYER MYCOGEN NK K5Y PIONEER 4G DELANGE DSA GARST MYCOGEN PIONEER 4Y WILLCROSS GB545TR WILLCROSS GB00TR FRONTIER F00E ASGROW ECLIPSE DEKALB DKS DELANGE DSA MYCOGEN NC W WILLCROSS GB545C MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NK K3J MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX TRIUMPH TR ASGROW MISSILE DEKALB DK TRIUMPH TR NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX NK X2 EXP AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Final Stand Hds per Plnt 1

21 TABLE. SOUTHEAST Kansas grain sorghum hybrid yield summary ( of test average), BRAND/NAME 1 FRD CHD LBD AVG. BRAND/NAME FRD CHD LBD AVG. ASGROW A A ECLIPSE MISSILE CROPLAN GEN DEKALB DK DK DK DKS DELANGE DSA DSA FRONTIER F45E 3 F501E 0 F00E GARST Y 524 GARST/AGRIPRO HOEGEMEYER MIDLAND M45Y 142 M MX MYCOGEN NC B50 C21 B W NK K5Y2 K3J 10 KS X2 EXP 0 PIONEER 4G Y TRIUMPH TR TR WILLCROSS GB545TR GB00TR GB545C MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX RS SR305 II TX252xTX TX252xTX TX3042xTX NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX TX3042xTX AVERAGES CV() 12 LSD(0.05)** FRD = Franklin Co., Ottawa CHD = Chase Co., Strong City LBD = Labette Co., Parsons 1

22 FIGURE. SOUTHEAST Kansas sorghum hybrid standardized performance summary, Yield (bu/a) Maturity (days to bloom) Moisture () PIONEER 4G2 DEKALB DK53 DEKALB DKS5400 MYCOGEN 3 NK KS 55 NC B4 ASGROW A51 DELANGE DSA 133 ASGROW A45 DELANGE DSA 14 HOEGEMEYER 055 ASGROW MISSILE DEKALB DK54 DEKALB DK4 HOEGEMEYER CheckTX252x TX430 GARST 5440 TRIUMPH TR 41 MYCOGEN 150 MAT CHK TX252xTX23 PIONEER 2G3 PIONEER 500 DEKALB DK44 NK K3J DEKALB DK35 HOEGEMEYER 4 NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX430 GARST/AGRIPRO 5515 HOEGEMEYER 12 CheckSR305 II MAT CHK TX3042xTX23 CheckRS 10 NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX23 MAT CHK OK11x TX241 Values beside bars indicate the number of comparisons with checks. Symbols (,) indicate if statistically higher or lower than mean of checks. 20

23 SOUTH CENTRAL KANSAS GRAIN SORGHUM TEST ON SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL COUNTY: HARVEY LOCATION: Harvey County Experiment Field, Hesston INSECTICIDE EFFECT (bu/a): Check 1 Check 2 Avg. Yield with insecticide TEST SITE: Smolan silty clay loam Yield without insecticide Soybean Insecticide advantage ns ns ns 2000 CROP: * = significant with 5 confidence 1 CROP: Sorghum 2001 GROWING CONDITIONS ns = not significant at 5 level FERTILIZER (lbs/acre): 11 N 3 P O 0 K O Sorghum was planted into an excellent seedbed and emerged less than one week after planting. Temperatures PLANTING DATE: 5/1/01 were normal in May and below average in June. HARVEST DATE: /13/01 Precipitation was below normal during May, but well above average in June. Temperatures were above normal in July COOPERATORS: Mark Claassen, agronomist; Lowell and August. Rainfall was below normal, and sorghum Stucky and Kevin Duerksen, suffered significant drought stress. Some of the highest technicians temperatures coincided with halfbloom stage. Several entries had severe lateseason lodging caused by droughtinduced stalk rot. &XPXODWLYHLQFKHV 35(&,3,$,21 3ODQWLQJ TARGET POPULATION: 35,000 plants/acre,.0 in. spacing FINAL STAND ( of target): BLOOM DATES: /14/01 /2/01 YIELD: Avg. (bu/a) 54 Range (bu/a) 24 LSD (bu/a) CV () ORRP DUYHVW '$,/<(03(5$5( KRXVDQGV 'HJUHHV) 0D[LPXPV )UHH]H/LQH 0LQLPXPV *52:,1*($21: ($(500$5< *52:,1*'(*5(('$< 3 UHFLSLWDWLRQ $YHUDJHHPS *'' 0RQWK 0D\ XQ XO XO $XJ HS 2FW $SULO 0D\ XQH XO\ $XJXVW HS 2FW HDV RQ RWDOV 21

24 BRAND TABLE. Harvey Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. GARST/AGRIPRO NO GAUCHO* TX3042xTX MATURITY CHECK TX3042xTX MATURITY CHECK RS MATURITY CHECK SR305 II NK KS PIONEER HOEGEMEYER MIDLAND M NC B VALLEY PREMIUM VP WILLCROSS GB5045TR GARST GARST/AGRIPRO MATURITY CHECK OK11xTX HOEGEMEYER NC B TRIUMPH TR WILLCROSS GB545TR MIDLAND M45Y MIDLAND M MIDWEST SEED O MYCOGEN AGRIPRO AP ASGROW A ASGROW ECLIPSE DEKALB DK DELANGE DSA FRONTIER F45E FRONTIER F00E GARST GOLDEN HARVEST H GOLDEN HARVEST H HOEGEMEYER MIDWEST SEED G MYCOGEN TRIUMPH TR VALLEY PREMIUM VP WILLCROSS GB00TR DEKALB DK PIONEER 5G (continued) 22 Final Stand Hds per Plnt

25 BRAND TABLE. Harvey Co. Grain Sorghum Performance Test, YIELD AS ACRE YIELD, BUSHELS OF TEST Days Grain Days Grain Test Plnt 2Yr. 3Yr. AVERAGE to Moist. to Moist. Wt. Ht. Ldg NAME AVG. AVG Blm Blm lb/bu in. CROPLAN GEN CROPLAN GEN CROPLAN GEN DELANGE DSA HOEGEMEYER MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX NO GAUCHO* TX252xTX PIONEER 4G DYNAGRO DG51B ASGROW A KAYSTAR X VALLEY PREMIUM VP KAYSTAR X MATURITY CHECK TX252xTX GOLDEN HARVEST H4Y ASGROW MISSILE DYNAGRO DG0B MIDLAND MX 4W TRIUMPH TR DEKALB DK DEKALB DKS VALLEY PREMIUM VP WILLCROSS GB545C Final Stand AVERAGES CV() LSD(0.05)** * Not treated with Gaucho to estimate effect of seedapplied insecticide. ** Unless two varieties differ by more than the LSD, little confidence can be placed in one being superior to the other. Hds per Plnt 23