Towards competitive European batteries

Transcription

1 Towards competitive European batteries 2020 GC.NMP Grant Duration: Sept Aug Joint EC & EGVIA workshop for advanced automotive batteries research Elixabet Sarasketa-Zabala on behalf of Batteries 2020 network 1

2 CONTENTS Introduction Batteries 2020 project approach Main contributions Global outlook and future challenges 2

3 CONTENTS Introduction Batteries 2020 project approach Main contributions Global outlook and future challenges 3

4 INTRODUCTION EV MARKET NEEDS Premium car models Source: 4

5 INTRODUCTION EV MARKET NEEDS Premium car models Source: EV APPLICATION REQUIREMENT: Longer EV driving range at affordable cost 5

6 INTRODUCTION EV MARKET NEEDS Premium car models Source: EV APPLICATION REQUIREMENT: Longer EV driving range at affordable cost 6

7 INTRODUCTION EV MARKET NEEDS Premium car models Source: EV APPLICATION REQUIREMENT: Longer EV driving range at affordable cost 7

8 INTRODUCTION EV MARKET NEEDS Premium car models Source: EV APPLICATION REQUIREMENT: Longer EV driving range at affordable cost 8

9 INTRODUCTION PROJECT OBJECTIVES 2020 Large format Li-ion batteries with competitive performance, lifetime and cost Reducing cost/kg Increasing kwh/kg Increasing lifetime Increasing residual value Reducing cost/kwh Optimising battery size Optimising control strategies 9

10 INTRODUCTION CONSORTIUM 10

11 CONTENTS Introduction Batteries 2020 project approach Main contributions Global outlook and future challenges Dissemination : EVS, EEVC, WES, EUROBAT, EUW, EPE, ECCE, ABAF, workshops, etc. 11

12 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STRATEGY IMPROVED MATERIALS AND BATTERY DEVELOPMENT High energy and lifetime increased competitive industrial batteries PERFORMANCE AND AGEING UNDERSTANDING. ADVANCED BATTERY MODELS Test procedures development. Deep EV application analysis INCREASED RESIDUAL VALUE THROUGH SECOND LIFE USE Second life applications analysis. Recycling Project overview: 12

13 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STRATEGY IMPROVED MATERIALS AND BATTERY DEVELOPMENT High energy and lifetime increased competitive industrial batteries PERFORMANCE AND AGEING UNDERSTANDING. ADVANCED BATTERY MODELS Test procedures development. Deep EV application analysis INCREASED RESIDUAL VALUE THROUGH SECOND LIFE USE Second life applications analysis. Recycling Project overview: 13

14 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STEPS TOWARDS THE OBJECTIVES IMPROVED MATERIALS AND BATTERY DEVELOPMENT G1 G2 G3 NMC NMC/graphite A5 A4 G1-G2-G3 development steps: Material improvement and cells manufacturing: External/SessionI_Materials_improvement_cells_manufacturing.pdf 14

15 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STRATEGY IMPROVED MATERIALS AND BATTERY DEVELOPMENT High energy and lifetime increased competitive industrial batteries PERFORMANCE AND AGEING UNDERSTANDING. ADVANCED BATTERY MODELS Test procedures development. Deep EV application analysis INCREASED RESIDUAL VALUE THROUGH SECOND LIFE USE Second life applications analysis. Recycling Project overview: 15

16 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STEPS TOWARDS THE OBJECTIVES PERFORMANCE AND AGEING UNDERSTANDING ADVANCED BATTERY MODELS Thermal model Electrical model Ageing model Electrochemical model 45ºC Validated battery models: 16

17 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STRATEGY IMPROVED MATERIALS AND BATTERY DEVELOPMENT High energy and lifetime increased competitive industrial batteries PERFORMANCE AND AGEING UNDERSTANDING. ADVANCED BATTERY MODELS Test procedures development. Deep EV application analysis INCREASED RESIDUAL VALUE THROUGH SECOND LIFE USE Second life applications analysis. Recycling Project overview: 17

18 BATTERIES 2020 APPROACH STEPS TOWARDS THE OBJECTIVES INCREASED RESIDUAL VALUE Recycling Costs life cycle assessment Businnes model Environmental LCA State-of-the-art Life Cycle Inventories (LCI) for NMC Li-ion cells Environmental LCA: 18

19 CONTENTS Introduction Batteries 2020 project approach Main contributions Global outlook and future challenges Dissemination : EVS, EEVC, WES, EUROBAT, EUW, EPE, ECCE, ABAF, workshops, etc. 19

20 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS 1. BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION 2. DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE 3. BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION 4. BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 20

21 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS 1. BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION 2. DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE 3. BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION 4. BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 21

22 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION TMS T Driving range Chargers infrastructure DOD C-rate Traction capability Fast CHA Mid- SOC EV parking Chargers infrastructure 22

23 Capacity / % 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION T Comparison of G1 & G2 Cells at 35 C with 80% DoD and 50% Mid. DoD G1 Cells 1C/1C G2 Cells 1.5C/1.5C DOD C-rate Mid- SOC FCE / # Publications gathering all experimental results and comprehensive analysis in preparation 23

24 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS 1. BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION 2. DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE 3. BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION 4. BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 24

25 Speed, km/h 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE Identification of representative driving cycles EV selection Mathematical vehicle modelling Evaluation of current rate at cell level Urban Suburban WLTC WLTC time, s 25

26 Speed, km/h 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE Identification of representative driving cycles EV selection Mathematical vehicle modelling Evaluation of current rate at cell level Urban Suburban WLTC WLTC time, s 26

27 Speed, km/h Speed, km/h 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE Identification of representative driving cycles Identification of representative EV selection driving cycles Mathematical EV selection vehicle modelling Mathematical Evaluation vehicle of current modelling rate at cell level Urban Suburban WLTC 140 WLTC Urban Suburban WLTC WLTC time, s time, s 27

28 Speed, km/h 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE Identification of representative driving cycles EV selection Mathematical vehicle modelling Evaluation of current rate at cell level Urban Suburban WLTC WLTC F500e REAL 20 FIELD DATA time, s WLTC matches real operation speed and current profiles 28

29 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS 1. BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION 2. DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE 3. BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION 4. BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 29

30 Speed, km/h 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION Urban Suburban WLTC WLTC CURRENT PROFILE time, s 30

31 T [ C] V (V) 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION WEEKLY V PROFILE t (h) DRIVING PROFILES Ambient temperature profile MONTHLY SEASONAL T PROFILE Time [days] Average in Seville Driver 1 Driver 2 Cycle 2 urban WLTC 2 urban WLTC + 2 suburban WLTC Driving SOC range EV parking time 90-85% (5% DOD) 93.75% (90% SOC) 90-65% (25% DOD) 79.2% (90% SOC) Publication on lifetime comprehensive analysis under realistic conditions in preparation 31

32 SOH (capacity) [%] SOH (capacity) [%] T [ C] V (V) 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION WEEKLY V PROFILE t (h) DRIVING PROFILES Ambient temperature profile MONTHLY SEASONAL T PROFILE Time [days] Average in Seville Driver 1 Driver Driver Driver Cycle 2 urban WLTC 2 urban WLTC + 2 suburban WLTC Driving SOC range EV parking time 90-85% (5% DOD) 93.75% (90% SOC) 90-65% (25% DOD) 79.2% (90% SOC) FEC Time [days] Time [days] 234 FEC G1-I G1-I Publication on lifetime comprehensive analysis under realistic conditions in preparation 32

33 SOH (capacity) [%] SOH (capacity) [%] T [ C] V (V) 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION WEEKLY V PROFILE t (h) DRIVING PROFILES Ambient temperature profile MONTHLY SEASONAL T PROFILE Time [days] Average in Seville Driver 1 Driver Driver Driver Cycle 2 urban WLTC 2 urban WLTC + 2 suburban WLTC Driving SOC range EV parking time 90-85% (5% DOD) 93.75% (90% SOC) 90-65% (25% DOD) 79.2% (90% SOC) Mainly calendar ageing FEC FEC Time [days] Time [days] G1-I G1-I Publication on lifetime comprehensive analysis under realistic conditions in preparation 33

34 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS 1. BATTERY IMPROVEMENT FOR EV OPERATION 2. DETERMINATION OF REPRESENTATIVE DRIVING CYCLE 3. BATTERY AGEING PERFORMANCE EV APPLICATION 4. BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 34

35 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE INDUSTRIAL NEEDS 1 st Life history dependency on 2 nd Life SOH level influence on 2 nd Life Key performance parameters? Modules/Battery packs repurposing issues E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. 35

36 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE INDUSTRIAL NEEDS Existing standards: 2005/64/EC, SAE J st Life history dependency on 2 nd Life SOH level influence on 2 nd Life Key performance parameters? Modules/Battery packs repurposing issues E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. 36

37 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE INDUSTRIAL NEEDS Existing standards: 2005/64/EC, SAE J st Life history dependency on 2 nd Life SOH level influence on 2 nd Life Key performance parameters? Modules/Battery packs repurposing issues TARGETED ANALYSIS E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. 37

38 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE INDUSTRIAL NEEDS Existing standards: 2005/64/EC, SAE J st Life history dependency on 2 nd Life SOH level influence on 2 nd Life Key performance parameters? Modules/Battery packs repurposing issues TARGETED ANALYSIS Novel 2 nd Life testing methodology E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. 38

39 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE RESIDENTIAL APPLICATION SLBESS RENEWABLE ENERGY INTEGRATION PV system DC P PV(t) PCC P Plant(t) Grid AC SLBESS DC AC BMS P bat(t) Plant controller A. Saez-de Ibarra, E. Martinez-Laserna, C. Koch-Ciobotaru, P. Rodriguez, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, Second life battery energy storage system for residential demand response service, IEEE ICIT C. Koch-Ciobotaru, A. Saez-de Ibarra, E. Martinez-Laserna, D.-i. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, P. Rodriguez, Second life battery energy storage system for enhancing renewable energy grid integration, IEEE ECCE 2015 (Accepted). 39

40 Capacity [%] Resistance [%] 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 105,0 102,5 100,0 97,5 95,0 92,5 90,0 87,5 85,0 82,5 80,0 Cell level performance comparison C13 [REN] - Capacity C13 [REN] - DC Resistance FEC C14 [RES] - Capacity C14 [RES] - DC Resistance = 1 st Life history & SOH E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. M. Swierczynski, D.-I. Stroe, E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, R. Teodorescu, The Second Life Ageing of the NMC/C Electric Vehicle Retired Li-ion Batteries in the Stationary Applications, ABAF 2016, Aug , 2016, Brno University of technology, Czech Republic. 40

41 Capacity [%] Resistance [%] 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 105,0 102,5 100,0 97,5 95,0 92,5 90,0 87,5 85,0 82,5 80,0 Cell level performance comparison C13 [REN] - Capacity C13 [REN] - DC Resistance FEC C14 [RES] - Capacity C14 [RES] - DC Resistance = 1 st Life history & SOH 2 nd Life viability = f (targeted application) E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. M. Swierczynski, D.-I. Stroe, E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, R. Teodorescu, The Second Life Ageing of the NMC/C Electric Vehicle Retired Li-ion Batteries in the Stationary Applications, ABAF 2016, Aug , 2016, Brno University of technology, Czech Republic. 41

42 Capacity [%] Resistance [%] 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 105,0 102,5 100,0 97,5 95,0 92,5 90,0 87,5 85,0 82,5 80,0 Cell level performance comparison C13 [REN] - Capacity C13 [REN] - DC Resistance FEC C14 [RES] - Capacity C14 [RES] - DC Resistance = 1 st Life history & SOH 2 nd Life viability = f (targeted application) Review of 80% SOH criterion for EV battery E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. M. Swierczynski, D.-I. Stroe, E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, R. Teodorescu, The Second Life Ageing of the NMC/C Electric Vehicle Retired Li-ion Batteries in the Stationary Applications, ABAF 2016, Aug , 2016, Brno University of technology, Czech Republic. 42

43 Capacity [%] Resistance [%] 2020 MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS BATTERY SECOND-LIFE 105,0 102,5 100,0 97,5 95,0 92,5 90,0 87,5 85,0 82,5 80,0 Cell level performance comparison C13 [REN] - Capacity C13 [REN] - DC Resistance FEC C14 [RES] - Capacity C14 [RES] - DC Resistance = 1 st Life history & SOH 2 nd Life viability = f (targeted application) Review of 80% SOH criterion for EV battery First steps to bridge the gap on battery second life ageing understanding! E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, D.-I. Stroe, M. Swierczynski, A. Warnecke, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, P. Rodriguez, Evaluation of Lithium-ion Battery Second Life Performance and Degradation,IEEE ECCE2016, Sept , 2016, Milwaukee, WI. M. Swierczynski, D.-I. Stroe, E. Martinez-Laserna, E. Sarasketa-Zabala, J.M. Timmermans, S. Goutam, R. Teodorescu, The Second Life Ageing of the NMC/C Electric Vehicle Retired Li-ion Batteries in the Stationary Applications, ABAF 2016, Aug , 2016, Brno University of technology, Czech Republic. 43

44 CONTENTS Introduction Batteries 2020 project approach Main contributions Global outlook and future challenges 44

45 GLOBAL OUTLOOK & FUTURE CHALLENGES IMPROVED MATERIALS AND BATTERY DEVELOPMENT Exploitable cathode material with further improved electrochemical performance and cycle life (EV market potential) More development at the material level necessary. Joint work between: Cell assembler Electrolyte manufacturer Active material manufacturer Materials science research institutes In terms of moving from an idea to a product it s hard for batteries, because when you improve one aspect, you compromise other aspects. (Qichao Hu, the founder of SolidEnergy Systems, Why We Still Don t Have Better Batteries, August , 45

46 GLOBAL OUTLOOK & FUTURE CHALLENGES PERFORMANCE AND AGEING UNDERSTANDING ADVANCED BATTERY MODELS Optimised cost-effective testing procedures for battery advanced characterisation, ageing testing and battery modelling. Contribution to other project & further use in future research: Everlasting (H2020), FiveVB (H2020), BATTLE project (IWT-SBO), etc. Procedures applicable to Beyond Li-ion battery technologies? 46

47 GLOBAL OUTLOOK & FUTURE CHALLENGES INCREASED RESIDUAL VALUE Gap in worldwide battery testing standards fulfilled Novel second-life testing methodology developed Methodology and findings are being shared with other EU institutions (JRC) and projects (SASLAB, EC) Methodology extension to other Li-ion battery technologies? 47

48 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Thank you Eskerrik asko Danke Merci Gracias Grazie Tak 48

49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This project has received funding from European Union s Seventh Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement No Thanks to ALL Batteries2020 partners for a great joint work Visit us: 49

50 QUESTIONS? Dr. Eng. Elixabet Sarasketa-Zabala Phone: J. Mª. Arizmendiarrieta, 2, Arrasate-Mondragón, Spain