First-Last Mile Greenhouse Gas Analysis of Los Angeles Transit

Transcription

1 ITE/IMSA 2016 SPRING CONFERENCE 3 March 2016 Phoenix, AZ CHRISTOPHER G. HOEHNE MIKHAIL V. CHESTER CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL, & SUSTA I N A BLE ENGINEERING A R I ZONA STAT E UNIVERSITY

2 GHG Emissions and Multi-modal Trips There is a strong understanding of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emissions from uni-modal trips. There is limited knowledge of GHG emissions from multi-modal transit trips. Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 2

3 What effect does ingress and egress have on GHG emissions from multi-modal transit trips? Are multi-modal transit trips with auto ingress or egress still effective in reducing GHG emissions?

4 Project Overview Assess GHG emissions generated through multimodal trips including firstlast mile ingress and egress from stations. Include a representative sample of transit modes (eg., local bus, express bus, rapid bus, light rail, metro rail, heavy rail) in the Los Angeles region. Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 4

5 Approach Trip Characteristics: National Household Travel Survey California Household Travel Survey LA County Metropolitan Transit Authority Develop life cycle assessment for individual modes of travel. Propulsion Vehicle (manufacturing and maintenance) Energy production LA Metro Modal Split Bus 78% Light Rail 10% Heavy Rail 10% BRT 2% Source: LA Metro Ridership Statistics Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 5

6 First-Last Mile in LA 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 11% 85% Bus 4.2% 5.7% 26% 68% Rail Walk/Bike Drove/Dropped Off Other *Ingress only. Source: LA Metro On-Board Survey Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 6

7 Methodology For each transit line, GHG emission estimates will be developed for ingress and egress of various modes and travel distances. This will included peak, off-peak, and average travel characteristics. The result will be a GHG emission profile by time-of-day for representative multimodal trips in LA County. These results will differentiate which portions of the trips contribute to the GHG emissions of multi-modal travel. GREET and SimaPro for life cycle modeling. EPA MOVES model for congestion effects. Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 7

8 System Boundary Life Cycle Grouping Automobiles/Buses Rail Vehicle Manufacturing Operation Maintenance Infrastructure Vehicle Manufacturing Battery Manufacturing Transport to Point of Sale Propulsion Idling Typical Maintenance Tire Replacement Battery Replacement Train Transport to Point of Sale Propulsion Idling Construction Roadway Track Station Operation Roadway Lighting Herbicide Use Typical Train Maintenance Train Cleaning Flooring Replacement Track, Station, and Parking Lighting Herbicide Use Train Control Miscellaneous (Escalators, Equipment) Maintenance Roadway Maintenance Track and Station Maintenance Parking Curbside Parking Dedicated Parking Energy Production Extraction, Processing, & Distribution Gasoline/Diesel/Natural Gas Extraction, Processing, & Distribution Raw Fuel Extraction and Processing, Electricity Generation, Transmission & Distribution Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 8

9 Preliminary comparative GHG emissions per PMT by Mode Grams CO 2 e Auto Trip Auto Trip (SOV) Bus Trip LR Trip Fuel Combustion Electricity Generation Batteries Vehicle Manufacturing Vehicle Maintenance Infrastructure Construction Infrastructure Operation Infrastructure Maintenance Infrastructure Parking Energy Production Auto: 35 MPG and 1.7 pax/car Bus: CNG and 22 pax/bus Light Rail: 53 pax/train Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 9

10 GHG Reduction Scenario Development Using data on outcomes from existing strategies that have encouraged transit use, we ll assess GHG emission reduction potentials for various trips. Transit-oriented development Station parking pricing Mode shifting Carpooling Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 10

11 Preliminary Multi-Modal Trip GHG for LA Modes Grams CO 2 e ,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 Trip Length* Auto Trip 9.9 mi Bus Trip + Auto Trip + Bus Trip 4.6 mi 11.0 mi 9.5 mi Light Rail Trip + Auto Trip + Bus Trip 10.5 mi 16.2 mi 15.5 mi Fuel Combustion Electricity Generation Batteries Vehicle Manufacturing Vehicle Maintenance Infrastructure Construction Infrastructure Operation Infrastructure Maintenance Infrastructure Parking Energy Production *Source: California Household Travel Survey Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 11

12 Moving Forward Multi-modal transit trips with auto ingress or egress may cause similar or more GHG emissions than auto trips. Possibilities to curb auto ingress/egress emissions Share findings through various mediums. Chris Hoehne Arizona State University Slide 12

13 chrishoehne mikhailchester