Land Use and Traffic Pattern in Suburban Area: An Urban Design Study in Mysore

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1 22 Land Use and Traffic Pattern in Suburban Area: An Urban Design Study in Mysore Setareh Oruji, PhD student in development study, Institute of Development Studies, University of Mysore, Mysore Dr. T. M. Mahesh, Professor of Urban and Regional Planning, Institute of Development Studies, University of Mysore, Mysore, Ehsan Amini, PhD student in Urban and Regional Planning, Institute of Development Studies, University of Mysore, Mysore ABSTRACT By considering the rapid growth of population and vehicles in cities it is evident the high increase of vehicles and pedestrian traffic, air and noise pollutions especially in core centres of historical cities. Mysore city is a palace city in India that include most attractive visit places which placed in core centres carries heavy traffic volume especially in peak hours.suburban bus station as an attractive part which invites many people is an effective item in increasing traffic volume. The need to meet mobility, sustainable transport system depends on public transport system infrastructure. In some cases we could observe current system are old and need to upgrading or shifting the location because of changing in land uses, increasing traffic of people or vehicle according to some purpose in that area.in this paper it analyse the current location of suburban bus station and identify the existing problems, and then it tried to propose other places for shifting the places of bus stations which will help to decrease the current traffic volume. Keywords Transportation infrastructure, Sustainable development, Traffic congestion, Public transportation 1. INTRODUCTION Transport infrastructure is a key element for the economic growth and development and it plays a fundamental role to achieve the city objectives to increase growth and jobs. Transport infrastructure influences both the economic growth and the social cohesion. Sustainable development is meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development is the achievement of continued economic development without detriment to the environmental and natural resources. The Mysore is second largest city in Karnataka state. It is described as a palace and garden city Numbers of automobiles and population have been on the rise in Mysore urban area due to it is known for tourism, education; medical facilities and existing industries such as software, information technology activities which has effective role in increasing traffic volume. With respect to the number of population which is 8.87 lakh and vehicles in 2011 in Mysore city. It is expected number of population will reach to 13 lakh in 2018 and 18.4 lakh by 2028 AD and number of vehicles will reach to in 2015 and in 2020.According to the information has described above, it feels there is an essential need to verification and analyse of existing situation of transport infrastructure in Mysore city. Transport system can be regarded as sustainable only if it is possible to imagine it being continued unchanged for several hundred years because it is not damaging society or the environment and is not dependent on a nonrenewable, depleting resource to run. Efficient and sustainable urban transportation-infrastructure over an extended period of time is integrally connected to a sustainable transportation infrastructure - if the infrastructure is not sustainable then in the long run it is inevitably inefficient transport system. In this paper, tried to concentrate more on present situation of suburban bus station as an effective urban factors on increasing traffic volume. 2. THE STUDY AREA Mysore, a majestic and mysterious city is cultural capital and second most important city of Karnataka which lies 135 Kms from the State Headquarters, Bangalore. Mysore city is geographically located at 770 m above sea level between 12 18' 26" North Latitude and 76 38' 59'' East Longitude. It is an Indian city of palaces and gardens and one of the finest in the country. Suburban bus stand has located in Nilgiri-Bangalore Road. Which cause to create heavy traffic in heritage zone in Mysore city Location of Study Area Mysore city is situated in Mysore taluk which is in Mysore district. It is situated in the southern region of the state of Karnataka in India country. Suburban bus stand is located in Bangalore-Nilgiri Road, LaskerMohalla, MandiMohallain Mysore city.

2 23 5. GROWTH OF POPULATION AND VEHICLES IN MYSORE CITY 3. OBJECTIVES Figure1: Location of study area To assess current situation of Mysore city land use, To assess the growth of vehicles in Mysore city, To assess current traffic situation of suburban bus station and its surroundings, To propose some guidelines and planning solution for better transportation system in order to ensure sustainable transportation in suburban station. 4. METHODOLOGY The current population is estimated to be around 887,446. The city of Mysore is growing predominantly as shown in table below. The population as shown has grown to 33% annual decadal growth during followed by a grew over 36% in the decade of There has been a decline of 22% growth rate in Currently, the growth rate is declining with 11% for It is observed that during 2 decades number of different types of vehicles has increased gradually from and sharply from Number of vehicles has increased by 8 percent growth rate from and from increased by 43percent decadal growth rate. 3 wheelers have increased by 7 percent decadal growth rate from and by 31 percent decadal growth rate. LMV increased by 38 percent decadal growth rate and 17 percent from and respectfully. HMV has increased by 6 percent and 39 percent decadal growth rate from and respectfully. Other types of vehicles increased gradually during these two decades. It is inferred that highest number of vehicles belonging to 2 wheelers. The second highest number of vehicles 3 wheelers. The lowest number belonging to HMV and others Growth of population in Mysore City Table1: Growth of population in Mysore city ( ) Growth of population in Mysore city ( ) Census year Population Decennial Growth rate , , , , , Figure 2: Research methodology 1,000, , , , , ,449 Population 799, ,345 Figure 200,000 3: Growth of population in Mysore city ( ) 0 Table 2: 1971 Growth 1981 of vehicle 1991 in 2001 Mysore 2011 city Figure 3: Growth of population in Mysore city ( )

3 24 Table 2: Growth of vehicle in Mysore city Growth of vehicles Vehicle Type/ Category wheelers 209, , ,864 3wheelers 11,579 12,490 16,382 Light Motor Vehicle (LMV) 30,027 41,501 48,769 Heavy Motor Vehicle(HMV) 6,791 7,241 10,102 Others 5,743 5,891 5, LAND USE PATTERN OF MYSORE CITY As per the CDP of Mysore, the residential areas, traffic and transportation, industrial layouts and parks and open spaces occupy most of the spaces in Mysore. It is expected that residential areas grow enormously due to increasing population and demand for extension of residential layouts. The total area for Mysore city as per MUDA has shown an increase to 9221 hectares in 2001 from 7569 Hectares in 1991, representing a growth of 22 percent. As per MUDA, the total area is hectares by 2011, representing a significant increase of around 70 percent over the total area in Figure 4: Growth of vehicle in Mysore city Table 3: Land Use Pattern during 1991, 2001 and 2011 Land use (1991) Land use (2001) Land use (2011) LAND USE Area in hectares %area Area in %area Area in %area hectares hectares Residential , Commercial Industrial Park and open spaces Public and semi public Traffic and transportation , Public utility Water sheet Agriculture Total Figure5: Land Use Pattern in 1991, 2001 & 2011

4 25 growth has brought traffic problem in the urban area of Mysore. The technological revolution especially in transportation has brought changes in the life style on the urban area. Without the formulated goals and objectives especially in traffic management, may be counterproductive. While the improper planning and maintenance of transport has led to spreading of congestion, accidents, flow of traffic etc. At the same time the total number of vehicles has increased in an accelerated rate in Mysore city.there is also an indication that the city growth, physically, has to be regulated due to the constraints of availability of land for expansion which prepare opportunity to shift the location of some characters in city which would be use full in decreasing traffic volume. 8. LOCATION OF SUBURBAN BUS STATION IN MYSORE CITY Figure 6: Mysore Land Use Map 2011 The residential area in 1991 is 3058 hectares which has increased to 3679 in It has increased sharply to 6098 by 2011 which represented an increase of 40 percent. The residential area is estimated to be hectares in the proposed land use pattern for The total area demarcated for parks, open spaces is expected to increase marginally to 2690 hectares (2015) as per the proposed land use pattern for the year This is at present around 1180 hectares (2011). The percentage of land for agricultural purpose is also expected to increase from 6.41 percent (899 hectares) in 2011 to 3.39 percent (945 hectares) in However, the percentage of area for commercial, industrial and traffic/transportation has not varied significantly over the three periods, as is illustrated in the land use tables. 7. TRAFFIC SYSTEM AND ITS CONNECTIVITY IN MYSORE CITY The inter city and intra city transportation in Mysore is conducted in buses and taxis that are present in plenty in the city. Some of the buses connect the city of Mysore to the city of Bangalore and to the various neighbouring cities in the state of Karnataka. A well-knit network of broad gauge railway lines connects the city of Mysore to the cosmopolitan and metropolitan cities of the country. Mysore has a convenient network of roads which connects to important cities in Karnataka. Mysore is connected by National Highway number 212 and other State Highway 17, 33 and 88. The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) and other private operators run regular bus services both within the city and inter-cities. Within the Mysore city, buses and auto-rickshaws are a cheap means of transportation. The unplanned urban Public transport should always be the hallmark of a good transportation system for a city, especially for a city like Mysore, which is earmarked as the Heritage City, as it provides good impetus to the tourist population. The role of public transport is vital, particularly to reduce the use of personalized transport. The Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) is the major inter-city and intra-city service provider in Mysore. Mysore suburban bus station has located in central area of city (Bangalore Nilgiri road, LaskerMohalla, MandiMohalla), Road Distance or driving distance from Mysore City Railway Station to KSRTC Suburb Bus Stand is 3 kms (2.00 miles).via Bangalore Nilgiri Road and Bangalore Nilgiri Road/Chamaraja Double Road it is 2.2Km to Mysore palace. Daily around 2500 buses and around passengers have travel to this bus stand.more than 50 % of travels are toward Bangaloreand other travels are to other places within or out of state. Figure 7: Mysore Sub Urban Bus Station Location

5 26 Figure 8: Overall view map of Mysore suburban bus station 8.1. Describing Pictures in Bus Station Area Picture 1: interference of vehicles in major junction in the vicinity of discharging of bus station is evident which created tense space with noise and air pollution. Picture 2: Exit of buses from suburban bus station in Bangalore-Nilgiri road is evident. Since this street includes heavy traffic from vehicles and lacking of efficient width for bus crossing cause to create heavy traffic space. Picture 3: Stay of auto rickshaws in this area for transferring of passengers cause to decrease width of road and provoke to increase traffic volume. Picture 4: Existence exhausting of bus station s parking for vehicles which include passengers vehicle that they put them from morning till afternoon almost increase traffic volume. Picture 5: Shopping mall beside bus station cause to intensification traffic because of inviting people and passengers to this area. Pictures 6.7: It is evident in these pictures that all buses which come from Mysore Bangaloreroad force to turn and cross from width of road to enter to bus station. In these situation Bangalore-Nilgiri road is been forced to carry heavy massive of traffic. Picture 8: Auto stand in this area has decreased of road space. 9. EXISTING PROBLEMS IN BUS STATION AREA With respect to collected information and data which have analysed, it would be possible to describe existing issues and problems about suburban bus station: 1) Massive part of street`s wide In the vicinity of the suburban bus station (Bangalore-Nilgiri Road) has occupied because of long amount passing of busses for shifting passengers to other cities or places out of Mysore. Exist of main entry of bus station which is a crowded spaces because of crossing buses is an effective factors to increase traffic volume. These harmful factors made air more polluted increase statistic number of accident. 2) By considering the rapid growth of population and vehicles, high increase of vehicles and pedestrian traffic, air and noise pollution especially in core centers in historical cities. Mysore as a mysterious city with attractive historical places which almost placed in core centers in city. These visited places area carries heavy traffic volume especially in peak hours. Suburban bus station as an attractive point invites many people so it is an effective item in increasing traffic volume. 3) Exist of suburban bus station and pollution due of it impairs the urban landscape. Entity of shopping mall in bus station which has entrance in main road and could invited residents from different part of city provoked traffic and pollution volume. 10. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PROPOSAL With respect to data analysis and everything which above said, proposal will be presented in order to create sustainable development in Mysore city. Figure 9: Proposed Area With respect to statistics which have been received, daily around 2500 buses are working in Mysore sub urban bus station, and there are around passengers (8.5 percent of Mysore city population), and minimum 50 percent of them have trip toward Bangalore( Mandya, Maddur, Channapanta, Ramanagara and Bangalore) and vice versa. It means daily significant population have travel to sub urban bus station by different vehicles, so as above said heavy traffic, air and noise pollutions and etc. are its result.sub urban bus station in proposed location is at the northern and the nearest point at the beginning of

6 27 Bangalore road and there is direct connection to the city ring road. So for suburban travelling, buses no need come to city and make heavy traffic and other problems. At present there is no traffic problem at railway station to the extent that suburban bus station is. But according to the growth of city and increase population and number of vehicles and increase travel, in future we will face to traffic problem in that area. So, it's recommended to plan for future to shift railway station to proposed location which is very close to proposed suburban bus station location. Figure 10: Overall view of the proposed plan for the suburban station Picture 2: Proposed suburban bus station location in vicinity of ring road and the beginning of Bangalore road which as can be seen on the map, it is great access at this point. Picture 3: It is the confluence of Mysore ring road and the beginning of Bangalore road. Picture 4 and 5: This road is connected city center and suburban bus station toward Bangalore road. Daily many vehicles include cars, buses; trucks and etc. are commuting between Mysore and Bangalore in this road. Picture 6: Mysore ring road which buses can go to other places out of city with come to city centre. Picture 7: proposed railway station location in vicinity of ring road and existing rail way which is very close to proposed suburban bus station. REFERENCES [1] Dr. Harish M, March (2013). Urban Transport and Traffic Management - For SustainableTransport Development in Mysore City, International Journal of IT, Engineering and Applied Sciences Research (IJIEASR) Volume 2, No. 3, March 2013, ISSN: , [2] Dr. Junjie Zhang ( 2012). Delivering Environmentally Sustainable Economic Growth: The Case of China, Senior Advisor, Asia Society, Assistant Professor, School of International Relations & Pacific Studies University of California, San Diego, mentally_sustainable_economic_growth_case_ch ina.pdf [3] European Commission (2008). Road Infrastructure the backbone of transport system, Directorate- General for Research Sustainable Surface Transport, EUR 23349, _transport_en.pdf [4] Louis. Alexandre & Berg and Deval Desai (2013). Background Paper: Overview on the Rule of Law and Sustainable Development for the Global Dialogue on Rule of Law and the Post 2015 Development Agenda. [5] Bly, P.H., F.V. Webster and S. Pounds (1980), Effects of Subsidies on Urban Public Transport, Transportation, 9(4), pp [6] RegInald Souleyrette and Sitansu Pattnalk (2003). Designing a traffic maintaining program using land use change detention. 6th Annual conference and exhibition on GIS, GPS A.P and R.S January [7] Barter, P. (1999). An International Comparative Perspective on Urban Transport and Urban Form in Pacific Asia: The Challenge of Rapid Motorization in Dense Cities, Murdoch University, Perth.