Innovation in Integrated Ticketing and Payment Systems: Scenario in Europe and Brazil

Transcription

1 22 nd ITS World Congress, Bordeaux, France, 5 9 October 2015 Paper number ITS-1175 Innovation in Integrated Ticketing and Payment Systems: Scenario in Europe and Brazil Guido Di Pasquale 1*, Monica Giannini 2, Alessandro Santiago dos Santos 3, Adriano Galindo Leal 3 1. PluService, SS Adriatica sud 228/D, Senigallia Italy, , g.dipasquale@pluservice.net 2. IRU Projects, Belgium 3. IPT, Brazil Abstract This paper introduces some innovative solutions implemented in the field of urban public transport ticketing and fare management in Europe and Brazil. The solutions and technologies used are being analyzed and benchmarked in the context of Viajeo PLUS project, co-funded by the European Commission under the Seventh Framework Programme. Viajeo PLUS is committed to identifying promising good practices implemented in Europe, Latin America, China and Singapore. This project is focused on efficient mobility management, deployment of clean vehicle solutions, innovative public transport solutions, enabling infrastructure, sustainable city logistics solutions. Among its objectives, is the sharing of such good practices through case studies, showcases, and capacity building, fostering collaboration between the regions mentioned above and Mediterranean Partner Countries (MPC). Keywords: Innovative urban transport solutions, smart ticketing, Viajeo PLUS 1 Intelligent ticketing systems in European Public Transport Last decade, many regions of Europe made high investments for the implementation of modern electronic ticketing systems. These systems are based on different technologies and standards (ITSO in UK, Calypso in France and other countries), and are either small closed systems and bigger systems like Oyster in London, regional schemes like BIP in Piedmont Region Italy or Schwaebisch Hall and Rhein-Ruhr Germany. Interaction and mutual acceptance of these systems are yet not possible resulting in a fragmentation of solutions, but

2 the development of multi-operator projects has pushed standardization. With respect to interoperability, standardization is increasing at transport sector levels based upon collaboration of key sector players ( e.g. FSM in the Rail sector, and Smart Ticketing Alliance covering European Public Transport), but not yet so much at cross-sector levels. From a policy perspective, the key challenges in developing and validating a European passenger transport information and booking interface across transport modes, are highlighted in a recent Commission paper (COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Towards a roadmap for delivering EU-wide multimodal travel information, planning and ticketing services, Brussels, ): more than 100 multimodal journey planners already exist in Europe and yet travelers cannot make fully informed choices suited to their needs; the same applies to ticketing: while there are many examples of electronic and smart ticketing, it is still not possible to buy a single ticket for a multimodal journey across European national boundaries. The accepted pre-requisite for an open single European market for mobility services appears to be fair and equal access for service providers to data on schedules, fares and availability, for all modes of transport. 2 Intelligent ticketing systems in Brazilian Public Transport Brazil has more than 8 million km 2, more than 5565 cities, population around 190 million with 84 % living in the urban area. In Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Brasilia the percentage of residents in the metropolitan area increased to more than 95 % (IBGE, 2010). Brazilian cities are fostering the development and implementation of innovative and sustainable public transport systems. This is also demonstrated by the article [1], published on celebrating the cities Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte as the 2015 Sustainable Transport Award winners, the first ever award to result in a three-way tie. According to the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro has a total population of 12.6 million inhabitants. São Paulo is the sixth world s largest city, together with Mumbai, with around 21 million inhabitants. Currently, those cities are a theater for large events: sports competitions, concerts, cultural festivals, demonstrations, religious pilgrimages and business conventions, to name just a few. Large events imply major changes in transport organization of the host City since the existing transport infrastructures have to cope with considerable additional traffic flows that are very intense and highly polarized. Rio de Janeiro has massively invested in public transport over the past few years. In 2014, the city opened the second of four BRT systems planned ahead of the 2016 Olympics, the 2

3 Transcarioca. The new 39 km corridor draws 270,000 daily users, keeping the city on track to achieve the goals of its mobility plan by Public transport in the city of Rio de Janeiro, host of the Olympic Games of 2016, is carried out mainly by bus, which is responsible for 71% of all daily trips. In Rio de Janeiro, US$5 billion are being used to finance six projects, two of which are the construction of Metro Line Number 4 and Line Number 3, which will probably be a monorail. The LRT in downtown Rio and the Transcarioca, Transolímpica and Transbrasil BRTs are also receiving funds. The urban mobility in São Paulo is characterized by a complex transport system, consisting of several modes and different systems, due to the size of the urban area and the intense movement between the cities within the metropolitan region. São Paulo has an immense structure of bus lines, with an estimated fleet of around 15,000 units, under the responsibility of SPTrans. The CPTM trains, Metro, EMTU-SP and the interconnection system between them complete the municipal and state system of Transport in the city. São Paulo is the biggest financial center in Brazil and one of the biggest financial centers in the world. The City's economy is going through a profound transformation from an industrial profile to become increasingly based on the service sector. It holds more than 200 events per day, offering more than 250 thousand square meters of space in pavilions and areas for congresses and fairs. The diversity of socio-cultural aspects increases the challenge of PT. Several guidelines and business models for PT are running in Brazil, being mandatory requirements like interoperability and electronic management for complex fare control for ticketing systems. The first initiative of ticketing system in Brazilian big cities dates back The new generation (smartcard contactless) started on 2000 in Salvador and Recife city. The most prominent case (Bilhete Único) began in Sao Paulo Municipality around Nowadays, these core solutions are mature and towns, and metropolitan areas are adding new features to improve security, monitoring, and governance. Figure 1 shows the generic model for ticketing system used in Brazilian implementations. Card emissions Enrolment and customization Distribution Data comunication Accounting Use Data Processing Clearing Figure 1 - Ticketing system model. Source: ITS Technical Report 8 from ANTP (2012) 3

4 Most common features of these models are: Multimodal Integrated System; Flexible fare policies according to the user type, journey duration, and transport modality; Integration with the parking lot; Biometric technology for control of discount cards (students, monthly ticket) or free tickets (the elderly, the unemployed, pregnant and other special categories). The card validator is the main component of the system, and it is used in different ways and models. For example, in some cities, validators are installed only on the bus (Porto Alegre City), other at Bus Stops (Curitiba) or on BRT stations (Rio de Janeiro). Figure 2 - Inside bus Porto Alegre city Figure 3 - Bus Stop Curitiba City Figure 4 - BRT or Metro stations Another characteristic is the way to transfer money to cards: inside the bus (Brasilia); in kiosks (Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo); with NFC technology embedded in smartphones (São Paulo). Figure 5 - NFC technology in the smartphone São Paulo city 4

5 Figure 7 - kiosk Rio de Janeiro Figure 8 - Ticket office at BRT stations Rio de Janeiro Another paramount feature will be massively deployed in next five years, monitoring system to diminish the illegal use of individual cards eligible for reduced or free fare. The best option so far are biometric solutions to identify the card legal user. For example, Ilhéus City (Bahia State) deployed facial recognition in 2012, and 17% of 10,000 specials cards were blocked due to illegal use. Similar deployments are located in Fortaleza (220,000 cards), Limeira and Angra dos Reis. Figure 9 - Facial recognition for ticketing system The main reason for these enhancements is that these gratuities are financed by the transport companies and not by the government. The goal is to maintain public transport systems minimalist subsidized by taxpayers. Brazilian biggest case, using sophisticated ticking system, is a metropolitan area of São Paulo. 5

6 3 Reference City cases in these regions for Intelligent Ticketing systems 3.1 São Paulo metropolitan area - Bilhete Único experience Urban mobility in São Paulo consists in several modes and different systems, due to the size of the urban area and the intense movement between the cities within the metropolitan region. São Paulo city has a population with more than 11 million, integrating with the metropolitan area this number increase to 20 million. Modes available for PT include Bus, Trains, Monorail and Metro. The PT account is divided as follows: the user pays 60%, 25% by the city, 12% by employers, through vouchers, and about 2% come from other sources such as advertisements. As respect of Bus, São Paulo has a structure of bus lines, with an estimated fleet of around 15,000 units. This fleet is under the responsibility of São Paulo municipality (SPTrans Company), whereas Trains, Metro, and Monorail are managed by State. All modalities are physically interconnected and with the integrated ticketing system running in complex fare involving the municipal and state system of transport in the city. About ticketing system, in São Paulo municipality, since 2006, the Bilhete Único is multimodal, and its ticketing system integrates Bus, Metro System (municipality) and CPTM (Trains for the metropolitan area). Regular Bilhete Único users pay R$ 3.50 for up to four bus rides in a three-hour period, or for boarding the Metro or the train. The integration between systems either allows for up to three bus rides and a rapid transit or train ride in a three-hour period for R$ Students and teachers usually pay half price, while persons with disabilities and seniors have free access. After January 6, 2015, free pass begins to apply to public school student, including public universities and students beneficiary of access to education programs, representing almost half of the private universities. Moreover, this particular gratuity is paid by the city. To enjoy the gratuity is necessary to have a registration with the municipal agency of transport, which will register the picture and digital user for the manufacture of a card that will serve as a free pass on city buses. This right, depending on municipality rules, is given to law enforcement officials, firefighters, military and civil police, municipal guards, postmen, prison officers, officials of the passenger transport companies, elderly, people with disabilities (mental, visual, auditory and physical). Other modalities are available, as the monthly Bilhete Único. Regarding parking lots, since 2009, the integration near the Metro stations allows users greater ease in shifts in São Paulo (E-Fácil). Upon access to the facility, a parking fee is debited and granted two trips on the public transportation system. These trips can be used in the transport system and are valid during the period in which the vehicle remains in the parking lot. The value debited allows the permanence of the car for up to 12 hours in the parking lot. After the 12 hours is charged an additional amount for every hour spent. This system has more than 16,000 readers and 18,963,000 cards. 6

7 Figure 1 - Bilhete Único Readers - Inside bus, in metro station and BRT Terminals This showcase visited all modes, and it experimented these modes analyzing infrastructure and facilities offering to the population. Figure 2 - Group inside metro visit and BRT Terminal The ticketing systems in Brazil have a mature business model, and posses several key characteristics like as: multimodal transfer in complex fare scenarios; biometric technologies for reduce financial risks; contactless smartcards for multiservice, and several others. Different municipalities inside the same country may adopt different rules. Thus, the electronic ticketing has a direct effect on the efficiency of the transport system and is beneficial to all actors: managers, operators, and users. Moreover, undoubtedly, the pricing flexibility permits deriving the greatest benefit to users. The technology can be an important factor to develop PT even further, bring more transparency on transport investments, and reduce frauds due to the illegal use of gratuities (student and elderly cards). In general, those integrated solutions works with few standardized components. Thus, the complete ticketing system are proprietary solutions. With respect this issue, recently, the industry of manufacturers and consumers, universities, and research institutes are working together inside Brazilian committee for standardization (ABNT). ABNT is the National Forum for Standardization recognized by the Federal Government through various legal instruments. It s a private entity, non-profit, ABNT is a founding member of International Organization for Standardization (International Organization for Standardization - ISO), the Comisión Pan American Standards (Pan American Commission on Technical Standards - 7

8 COPANT) and the Association of Normalization Mercosur (Mercosul Association for Standardization - AMN). ABNT created the a special studies committee for ITS, similar to TC/204, the CEE127. Hence, this committee is working to establish the Brazilian Standard for ticketing systems and decided to adopt the ISO/TR 14806:2013 (Intelligent transport systems -- Public transport requirements for the use of payment applications for fare media), ISO and ISO 22951:2009 as an alternative to establish a reference to cities and transport operators. Another concern is about the integration between ITS solutions for fleet and PT management. In last years, the Brazilian population began to claim for new rights and changes in PT scenarios, like better quality, more public funding, and a free pass. Those claims had its apex in 2013 when a series of popular manifestations took place in the streets of hundreds of cities. Initially, those were focused on demanding lower tariffs of public transport; then demonstrations have widened, earning a vastly greater number of people and wanting new rights. Therefore, innovative solutions for PT should use these needs as a base for new implementations. 4 Conclusions: Europe Latin America Cooperation on R&D One of the objectives of the City Mobility Week was to identify the priorities for future cooperation research within the HORIZON 2020 framework. Since the beginning of the project, the consortium has identified a list of priorities that need to be updated according to the needs developed during the time. The City Mobility Week has been an occasion for verifying if such priorities are still valid or if the consortium should be more focused on a smaller set of them. At the end of every session, the moderators addressed certain questions to the speakers in order to obtain the relevant information. During the three days, the speakers declared that a collaboration between Europe and Brazil is crucial on the issues concerning the standardization, open data, and standards/standardizations. These aspects related to the public transportation may help to reduce costs of investments, given the opportunity to provide benefit services and make public information to passengers. At the request of ranking the Barriers and Opportunities, speakers answered that problems are mainly related to the financial and cultural aspects change in behaviours is required; often it is also a problem linked to the regulatory aspect of a country. Planning is lacking in Latin America whereas Europe has already treated this matter of standardization and homogeneity. If Latin America managed to make this happen, it could already be a first real step forward. In the end, collaboration between Europe and Latin America would be simple because some European cities have the same dimensions, features and difficulties of Brazilian cities; 8

9 therefore confrontation, debates, and comparisons would always be welcome by both continents in order to foster the collaboration to solve problems. Another barrier consists in a chronic infrastructure deficit, and the improvement of infrastructures is usually not quick. Interoperability is the key solution, but there are several ways to reach a better transport system: it is necessary to find the win-win solution. There are very few public-private partnerships in the public transport. The PT is strongly willing to be involved in this cooperation. Another opportunity is to give users the possibility to choose and to change easily from a transport mode to another. However, for doing this, the collective transport must be heavily improved in order to give access only to cars strictly necessary. Concerning traffic management the collection of data on travel patterns is felt as necessary and primary as well as the demand of transport modes, receiving feedback from passengers about their satisfaction with the services provided. Finally it was agreed, also thanks to intervention made by Mr. Augusto de Albuquerque from the EU delegation to Brazil, that the best way for the two continents to learn from each other is to foster the worldwide uptake of sustainable urban mobility solutions and to assess the effective transferability and potential uptake of such solutions from around the world. 5 References 1. Cities-Today, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo win 2015 Sustainable Transport Award. sustainable-transport-award/ 2. Contract MOVE/C2/SER/ /SI , Final Report, 17/6/ COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT Towards a roadmap for delivering EU-wide multimodal travel information, planning and ticketing services, Brussels, (accessed May 08, 2015). 4. Füßler, H., J. Widmer, M. Käsemann, M. Mauve, H. Hartenstein (2003). Contention-based forwarding for mobile ad hoc networks, Ad Hoc Networks, vol.1, pp Ohmori, S. T. Horimatsu, M. Fujise, K. Tokuda (2001). Radio communication technologies for vehicle information systems, in L. Vlacic, M. Parent and F. Harashima (eds), intelligent vehicle technologies, Butterworth. 9