The New Electricity Age

Transcription

1 The New Electricity Age Albana Ilo University of Technology of Vienna Institute for Energy Systems and Electrical Drives

2 Impact of the new age in the actual electricity industry Evolution or revolution? The word Evolution synonymous with gradual and continuous, natural or planned progression of events. The word, Revolution, implies planned and deliberate changes more or less sudden in their action, taken to change the order of things.

3 Impact of the new age in the actual electricity industry Power grid operation - Evolution or revolution? TSO Past DSO TSO New electricity age DSO - Responsibility changes in operation (TSO / DSO)?

4 Principal elements of power systems Power plants Storage Grid Consumers

5 Principal elements of power systems Power plants/storage - Peaking plants Gas turbine Diesel Reservoir hydro Pumped storage hydro - Storage - Mid-merit plants Hydro Coal, Combined cycle Biomass -Base load plants Nuclear Geothermal Coal Run of river - Volatile Load Peak Mid merit Base load hrs 23 23

6 Principal elements of power systems Grid -Transmission (VHV,HV) Remotely controlled Redundant measurements Intelligent software VHV/HV G - Distribution MV Almost manually updated Marginal measurements Little intelligent software - Distribution LV Manually updated No measurements No intelligent software MV LV

7 Principal elements of power systems Consumers -Consume energy No automation

8 New electricity age The new electricity age is penetrating through Smart Grid

9 Northeast blackout of 2003 Black out begin August 14 th, 4:10 p.m. Partly restoration by 11:00 p.m. Full restoration after 2 days 2003 Black out affected people: about 10 million in Ontario and about 45 million in 8 US States States and provinces that experienced power outages

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11 What are Smart Grids? The term Smart Grid refers to a modernization of the electricity delivery system so it monitors, protects and automatically optimizes the operation of its interconnected elements from the central and distributed generator through the high-voltage transmission network and the distribution system, to industrial users and building automation systems, to energy storage installations and to end-use consumers and their thermostats, electric vehicles, appliances and other household devices. (Electric Power Research Institute 2009) A Smart Grid" should: - Provide quality, reliability and efficiency by dynamic optimization - Accommodate all generation and storage options - Enable electricity market to flourish - Motivate consumers to actively participate in operation of the grid

12 Principal elements in the new electricity age: Power plants - Peaking plants Gas turbine Diesel Reservoir hydro Pumped storage hydro E-cars, large batteries - Storage - Mid-merit plants Hydro Coal, Combined cycle Biomass - Volatile Run of river Wind, Solar -Base load plants Nuclear Geothermal Coal

13 Principal elements in the new age: Grid -Transmission (VHV,HV) Remotely controlled Redundant measurements Higher automation degree Secondary control in MV-networks ZUQDE industrial research project, Salzburg, Austria ZUQDE Server VHV/HV Primary control Transformer Tap Primary Control Reactive power G G -Distribution MV Almost remotely controlled Rich on measurements High automation degree DSSE U ber (1) : U ber (n) - DSSE-Limits + VVC MV Closed Loop Control Uset point Qset point Primary Control Reactive power.. G. G G G -Distribution LV Almost remotely controlled Smart meters High automation degree LV Control Center P, Q, U,

14 Principal elements the new age: Prosumers -Consume energy Full automation -Produce energy Full automation

15 Principal elements of power systems in the new electricity age Power plants Storage Grid Storage Consumers Prosumers

16 The structure of power systems is actually changing very fast Transmission Transmission Conv [MW] Conv.:6988 [MW] Wind: 329 [MW] Distribution Distribution 93,9 % 6,1% Customer Conv. 455 [MW] 56,5 % 43,5% Customer Conv. 455 [MW] Wind: 2842 [MW] CHP: 2427 [MW]

17 Nowadays good weather may create serious problems in transmission system operation Sunday, May 15 th 2011

18 Power grid in the new electricity age High/Very high Voltage Network TSO operation area DSO operation area 1 DSO operation area DSO 2 operation area

19 Research projects: the need of a new actor in LV area AGENT AGGREGATOR LVSO Source: EU research project BeyWatch

20 M A R K E T M A R K E T Power grid in the new electricity age Past New electricity age TSO TSO VHV/HV G VHV/HV G MVSO MV DSO MV G G G LVSO LV LV

21 Power grid operation in the new electricity era Past The new electricity age TSO DSO TSO MVSO LVSO

22 Conclusions The new electricity age is characterised by: - evolution process in all principal elements of power systems - reinforcement and full automation of power grid - responsibility changes and new actors in grid operation TSO MVSO LVSO