Secure Operation of Sustainable Power Systems

Transcription

1 Secure Operation of Sustainable Power Systems Systmod Seminar at the University of Liege Hjörtur Jóhannsson Assistant Professor Center for Electric Power and Energy Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

2 Outline Introduction to DTU and CEE 1 Introduction to DTU and CEE 2 Background for the SOSPO Project 3 Overview of the SOSPO Poject 4 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation 5 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

3 Technical University of Denmark

4 Key Figures Total Students ~ Including PhDs - And Int. M.Sc Total DTU staff ~ Professors - Assoc. Prof. & senior researchers - Assist. Prof, researchers & postdocs

5 Introduction to DTU and CEE DTU main Campus - Lyngby Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

6 Introduction to DTU and CEE DTU Organization Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

7 Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Department of Electrical Engineering CEE established 15 August 2012 as a merger of existing units: Center for Electric Technology, DTU Electrical Engineering Intelligent Energy Systems, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Main competences Electric Power Engineering Automation and control Information and Communication Technology A strong university center within its field Staff: 85 persons incl. PhD-students Covers discipline oriented research as well as national lab type applicationdriven research and proof-of-concept Strategic partnerships p

8 Introduction to DTU and CEE Research Challenges Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

9 Introduction to DTU and CEE Research Challenges The Main Research Challenge of CEE Development of a reliable, cost effective and environmentally friendly electric power and energy system based on renewable energy sources. Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

10 Center for Electric Power and Energy Organisation Center committee Administrative support (ADM) SLBO Center management (MAN) JOE, JH Technical support (TEK) PMJA Support groups Head of Center Jacob Østergaard Deputy Head of Center Joachim Holbøll ADM Solveig Lind Bouquin TEK Per Munch Jakobsen Infrastructure Projects Education Electric power components (ELCO) Bogi Bech Jensen Electric power systems (ELSY) AHN Electricity markets (ELMA) PPIN Energy resources, services and control (ERES) CTR Energy system operation and management (ESOM) HWBI ELCO Bogi Bech Jensen ELSY Arne Hejde Nielsen ELMA Pierre Pinson ERES Chresten Træholt ESOM Henrik Bindner Research groups

11 Center for Electric Power and Energy Electric Organisation Power Components (ELCO) Examples of research activities: Administrative support (ADM) SLBO Technical support (TEK) PMJA Support groups Head of Center Center management Center Jacob Østergaard (MAN) committee JOE, JH Deputy Head of Center - Superconducting generators and superconducting Joachim drive Holbøll train - Lightning protection of wind turbine blades ADM Solveig Lind Bouquin - Transient conditions and protection in HVDC offshore grids TEK Per Munch Jakobsen Infrastructure Projects Education Electric power components (ELCO) Bogi Bech Jensen Electric power systems (ELSY) AHN Electricity markets (ELMA) PPIN Energy resources, services and control (ERES) CTR Energy system operation and management (ESOM) HWBI ELCO Bogi Bech Jensen ELSY Arne Hejde Nielsen ELMA Pierre Pinson ERES Chresten Træholt ESOM Henrik Bindner Research groups

12 Electric Center Power for Electric Systems Power (ELSY) and Energy Organisation Examples of research activities: Administrative support (ADM) SLBO Technical support (TEK) PMJA Support groups Head of Center Center management Center Jacob Østergaard - Secure (MAN) committee operation of sustainable power systems JOE, JH Deputy Head of Center Joachim Holbøll - Operation of distribution networks after electrification of transport and heating ADM Solveig Lind Bouquin - Application of smart grid in photovoltaic power systems TEK Per Munch Jakobsen Infrastructure Projects Education Electric power components (ELCO) Bogi Bech Jensen Electric power systems (ELSY) AHN Electricity markets (ELMA) PPIN Energy resources, services and control (ERES) CTR Energy system operation and management (ESOM) HWBI ELCO Bogi Bech Jensen ELSY Arne Hejde Nielsen ELMA Pierre Pinson ERES Chresten Træholt ESOM Henrik Bindner Research groups

13 Electricity Markets (ELMA) Examples Center of for research Electric activities: Power and Energy Organisation - Electricity market design for distributed energy resources Head of Center and Center management Center Jacob Østergaard flexible (MAN) committee demand JOE, JH Deputy Head of Center - Impact of Stochastic Generation on Electricity Market Dynamics Administrative support (ADM) SLBO Technical support (TEK) PMJA - Electric vehicle integration in a real-time market Support groups Joachim Holbøll ADM Solveig Lind Bouquin TEK Per Munch Jakobsen Infrastructure Projects Education Electric power components (ELCO) Bogi Bech Jensen Electric power systems (ELSY) AHN Electricity markets (ELMA) PPIN Energy resources, services and control (ERES) CTR Energy system operation and management (ESOM) HWBI ELCO Bogi Bech Jensen ELSY Arne Hejde Nielsen ELMA Pierre Pinson ERES Chresten Træholt ESOM Henrik Bindner Research groups

14 Energy Resources, Services and Control (ERES) Examples of research activities: Center - Energy for storage Electric andpower energy and systemenergy integration Organisation - Intelligent electric vehicle integration Center management Center Jacob Østergaard committee (MAN) - Local area coordination, JOE, JHfleet management, home Deputy automation Head of Center and individual RES controllers Administrative support (ADM) Technical support (TEK) - Energy conversion, SLBO storages andpmja flexible demandadm technologies Solveig Lind Bouquin and their efficiency Support groups Head of Center Joachim Holbøll TEK Per Munch Jakobsen Infrastructure Projects Education Electric power components (ELCO) Bogi Bech Jensen Electric power systems (ELSY) AHN Electricity markets (ELMA) PPIN Energy resources, services and control (ERES) CTR Energy system operation and management (ESOM) HWBI ELCO Bogi Bech Jensen ELSY Arne Hejde Nielsen ELMA Pierre Pinson ERES Chresten Træholt ESOM Henrik Bindner Research groups

15 Energy Systems, Operation and Management (ESOM) Examples Center of for research Electric activities: Power and Energy Organisation - Communication architecture for service based control Head of Center of Center management Center Jacob Østergaard distributed (MAN) committee power systems JOE, JH Deputy Head of Center Joachim Holbøll - Smart modelling of optimal integration of large amount of PV Administrative support (ADM) Technical support (TEK) - IntegratedSLBO communication and electric PMJA power distribution ADM Solveig Lind Bouquin system design Support groups TEK Per Munch Jakobsen Infrastructure Projects Education Electric power components (ELCO) Bogi Bech Jensen Electric power systems (ELSY) AHN Electricity markets (ELMA) PPIN Energy resources, services and control (ERES) CTR Energy system operation and management (ESOM) HWBI ELCO Bogi Bech Jensen ELSY Arne Hejde Nielsen ELMA Pierre Pinson ERES Chresten Træholt ESOM Henrik Bindner Research groups

16 Introduction to DTU and CEE Center for Electric Power and Energy For further information: Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

17 Outline Background for the SOSPO Project 1 Introduction to DTU and CEE 2 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges The added value of PMUs 3 Overview of the SOSPO Poject 4 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation 5 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

18 Danish Government Energy Target towards % wind in the electricity system No coal 100% RE in electricity and heating systems 100% RE (incl. transport and industry)

19 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Future Challenges: Secure Operation of Sustainable Electric Power Systems Future visions: a society with minimal dependency of fossil fuels Requires power production to be mainly based on renewable energy sources (RES) Production becomes subject to prevailing weather conditions Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

20 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Future Challenges: Secure Operation of Sustainable Electric Power Systems Future visions: a society with minimal dependency of fossil fuels Requires power production to be mainly based on renewable energy sources (RES) Production becomes subject to prevailing weather conditions The challenge of maintaining balance between production and consumption has received significant research focus Demand as a frequency controlled reserve Utilize controllable loads (EVs, heat pumps, etc.) Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

21 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Future Challenges: Secure Operation of Sustainable Electric Power Systems Future visions: a society with minimal dependency of fossil fuels Requires power production to be mainly based on renewable energy sources (RES) Production becomes subject to prevailing weather conditions The challenge of maintaining balance between production and consumption has received significant research focus Demand as a frequency controlled reserve Utilize controllable loads (EVs, heat pumps, etc.) The effect that large amount of RES has on the overall system stability or security has not received same attention Highly loaded grid during high wind situations Conditions for other types of stability problems Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

22 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Need for Real-Time Stability/Security Assessment Region of system operation Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

23 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Need for Real-Time Stability/Security Assessment Region of system operation Border of stable operation Stable Unstable Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

24 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Need for Real-Time Stability/Security Assessment Region of system operation Border of secure operation Border of stable operation Secure Stable Unstable Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

25 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Need for Real-Time Stability/Security Assessment Region of system operation Operating point Border of secure operation Border of stable operation Secure Stable Unstable Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

26 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Need for Real-Time Stability/Security Assessment Operating point Border of secure operation Border of stable operation Region of system operation Secure Stable Unstable Historically, security assessment is based on off-line analysis Time consuming Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

27 Background for the SOSPO Project Future Challenges Need for Real-Time Stability/Security Assessment Operating point Border of secure operation Border of stable operation Region of system operation Secure Stable Unstable Historically, security assessment is based on off-line analysis Time consuming System with high share of production based on non-controllable energy sources Fluctuating operating point Need for real-time security/stability assessment PMUs as enabling technology Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

28 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Phasor Measurment Unit (PMU) Introduction Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

29 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Phasor Measurment Unit (PMU) Introduction + GPS Antenna PMU Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

30 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Phasor Measurment Unit (PMU) Introduction + Synchronized Sampling GPS Antenna PMU Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

31 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Phasor Measurment Unit (PMU) Introduction Im V 2 Synchronized phasors θ V 1 Re + Synchronized Sampling GPS Antenna PMU Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

32 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Advancing Power System Protection and Control Traditionally, power system protection and control has been based on local measurements Electric Power System Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

33 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Advancing Power System Protection and Control Traditionally, power system protection and control has been based on local measurements Transmission line protection uses local measurements of voltages and currents Electric Power System Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

34 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Advancing Power System Protection and Control Traditionally, power system protection and control has been based on local measurements Generator control and protection is based on local measurements of f,v,p and Q Transmission line protection uses local measurements of voltages and currents Electric Power System Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

35 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Advancing Power System Protection and Control Traditionally, power system protection and control has been based on local measurements Generator control and protection is based on local measurements of f,v,p and Q Transmission line protection uses local measurements of voltages and currents Electric Power System Under load tap changing transformers use low-voltage side measurements for voltage control Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

36 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Advancing Power System Protection and Control Traditionally, power system protection and control has been based on local measurements Generator control and protection is based on local measurements of f,v,p and Q Transmission line protection uses local measurements of voltages and currents Electric Power System During critical operating conditions, the control and protection equipment can have negative effect on the system stability and directly contribute to the process leading to a system blackout. Under load tap changing transformers use low-voltage side measurements for voltage control Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

37 Background for the SOSPO Project The added value of PMUs Advancing Power System Protection and Control Traditionally, power system protection and control has been based on local measurements Generator control and protection is based on local measurements of f,v,p and Q Transmission line protection uses local measurements of voltages and currents During critical operating conditions, the control and protection equipment can have negative effect on the system stability and directly contribute to the process leading to a system blackout. Under load tap changing transformers use low-voltage side measurements for voltage control Wide area measurement can be used to identify critical operating conditions and use that information to change control and protection parameters to avoid large scale blackout Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

38 Outline Overview of the SOSPO Poject 1 Introduction to DTU and CEE 2 Background for the SOSPO Project 3 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Objective Project Partners and Participants Overview of Major R&D Tasks Project Structure 4 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering 5 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

39 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Objective The SOSPO Project - Objective Secure Operation of Sustainable Power Systems The SOSPO project aims to solve critical, difficult and not yet treated problems in relation to the operation of future power systems: How to ensure a secure operation of the future power system where the operating point heavily is fluctuating? Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

40 The SOSPO Project Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Objective Secure Operation of Sustainable Power Systems Wind power Future power system Electric vehicles Solar power Synchronized measurements Households with micro generation Wide-area PMU measurements Wide-area control actions Validation of wide-area PMU measurements Supervision and operator interface Operator Control center Valid data Stability and security assessment in real time SA info Wide-area Prosumption Control Control action under emergency conditions Situational awaraness information *Prosumption involves both distributed production and consumption Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

41 The SOSPO Project Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Objective Secure Operation of Sustainable Power Systems Wind power Future power system Electric vehicles Solar power Synchronized measurements Households with micro generation Wide-area PMU measurements Wide-area control actions Validation of wide-area PMU measurements Supervision and operator interface Operator Control center Valid data Stability and security assessment in real time SA info Wide-area Prosumption Control Control action under emergency conditions Situational awaraness information *Prosumption involves both distributed production and consumption Resources Persons Man Months Senior Researches Research Training TAP 3 63 TOTAL Total budget: DSF grant: DDK 32.2 mio. (EUR 4.3 mio.) DDK 20.2 mio. (EUR 2.7 mio.) Funded by: Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

42 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Partners and Participants The SOSPO Project - Partners Partners from academia: Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Automation & Control (AUT) Att. Olof Samuelsson Att. Göran Anderson Att. Bo Egardt Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

43 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Partners and Participants The SOSPO Project - Partners Partners from academia: Center for Electric Power and Energy (CEE) Automation & Control (AUT) Att. Olof Samuelsson Att. Göran Anderson Att. Bo Egardt Partners from industry and consultants: The Danish TSO Siemens AG, Germany KenM Consulting Att. Ken Martin Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

44 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO Overview of Major R&D Tasks Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers Static Security Assessment The SOSPO Project Supervision & Visualization PMU-Validation Implementation SWdevelopment Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

45 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PhD Project: Fast Dynamic Evaluation of N-1 criteria Static Security Assessment The SOSPO Project Supervision & Visualization PhD Student: Tilman Weckesser Objective: Develop methods for real-time assessment of dynamic security. Supervisors: Prof. Jacob Østergaard and Assist. Prof. Hjörtur Jóhannsson PMU-Validation SWdevelopment Implementation Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

46 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PhD Project: Real-Time Assessment of Voltage Stability Static Security Assessment The SOSPO Project Supervision & Visualization PhD Student: Angel Perez Objective: Develop methods for element wise assessment of voltage stability in real-time Supervisors: Prof. Jacob Østergaard, Assist. Prof. Hjörtur Jóhannsson PMU-Validation SWdevelopment Implementation Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

47 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PhD Project: Wide-Area Emergency Control of Power Syst. Static Security Assessment The SOSPO Project Supervision & Visualization PhD Student: Andreas Søndergaard Pedersen Objective: Develop methods for fast wide area emergency control Supervisors: Prof. Mogens Blanke, Assist. Prof. Hjörtur Jóhannsson PMU-Validation SWdevelopment Implementation Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

48 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control PhD Project Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers Static Security Assessment The SOSPO Project Supervision & Visualization 50% PhD Project 50% PMU-Validation Implementation SWdevelopment Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

49 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control PhD Project Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PostDoc Candidate: Pieter Vancraeyveld Education: PhD in Physics, University of Gent (2011) Expertise: Numerical Algorithms and implementation 50% Static Security Assessment PhD Project 50% The SOSPO Project Supervision & Visualization PostDoc PMU-Validation Implementation SWdevelopment Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

50 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control PhD Project Wide-Area Control Emergency Control Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PostDoc PostDoc Candidate: Hugo Morais Education: PhD in Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (2012), M.Sc. Electrical Engineering - Power Systems, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Portugal, (2010) Expertise: Virtual Power Players (VPP), energy resource management, power systems 50% Static Security Assessment PhD Project 50% PMU-Validation The SOSPO Project SWdevelopment Implementation Supervision & Visualization PostDoc Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

51 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control PhD Project Wide-Area Control Emergency Control PostDoc Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PostDoc PostDoc Candidate: S. Mojtaba Tabatabaeipour Education: PhD in Automation and Control, Aalborg University (2010), M.Sc. in Automation and Instrumentation, Petroleum University of Technology, Tehran, Iran, (2006) Expertise: Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control of Hybrid Systems 50% Static Security Assessment PhD Project 50% PMU-Validation The SOSPO Project SWdevelopment Implementation Supervision & Visualization PostDoc Fast Algorithms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

52 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Overview of Major R&D Tasks Major R&D Tasks in SOSPO PhD Project PhD Project PhD Project Voltage Stability Assessment Dynamic Security Assessment Prosumption Control PhD Project Wide-Area Control Emergency Control PostDoc Aperiodic Rotor Angle Stability Real-Time Stability & Security Assessment Adaptive Stabilizers PostDoc SW-developer: Allan Pedersen Education: PhD in Electric Power Engineering, DTU (1992), M.Sc. in Electric Power Engineering, DTU (1989) Expertise: SW-development of monitoring and control systems for communication networks 50% Static Security Assessment PhD Project 50% PMU-Validation The SOSPO Project Implementation Supervision & Visualization PostDoc SWdevelopment Fast Algorithms SW-developer Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

53 Overview of the SOSPO Poject Project Structure The SOSPO Project - Project Structure Steering Group Jacob Østergaard Hjörtur Jóhannsson Mogens Blanke Arne Hejde Nielsen Morten Lind Project Management Team Advisory Board WP1 Specifications Guang-Ya Yang WP3 Stability and Security Assessment Hjörtur Jóhannsson WP5 WA Emergency Control Mogens Blanke WP7 Implementation and Test Pieter Vancraeyveld WP2 PMU Validation Hjörtur Jóhannsson (temp.) WP4 WA Prosumption Control Arne Hejde Nielsen WP6 Supervision and Operator Interface Morten Lind WP8 Administration and Management Jacob Østergaard Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

54 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Outline 1 Introduction to DTU and CEE 2 Background for the SOSPO Project 3 Overview of the SOSPO Poject 4 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation 5 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

55 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Early Warning Against Emerging Blackouts Element-wise assessment of stability Element-wise assessment of a particular mechanism of instability Individual assessment of each relevant system element (a generator or a node) Focussing on an assessment of one particular stability mechanism The system model is reduced such that only factors that have a significant influence on the stability mechanism are included Possibility for assessment times suitable for real-time operation G2 Stable Region Unstable Region G8 Margin G10 G3 G1 G9 G5 G6 G G7 G11 G4 Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

56 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Early Warning Against Emerging Blackouts Element-wise assessment of stability Element-wise assessment of a particular mechanism of instability Individual assessment of each relevant system element (a generator or a node) Focussing on an assessment of one particular stability mechanism The system model is reduced such that only factors that have a significant influence on the stability mechanism are included Possibility for assessment times suitable for real-time operation G2 Stable Region Unstable Region G8 G10 G3 G1 G9 G5 G6 G Provides both a proximity-to-instability information and the mechanism of instability (where and what) Margin G7 G11 G4 Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

57 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Early Warning Against Emerging Blackouts Overall assessment in real-time System observability obtained by synchronized measurements Real-Time Wide-Area Measurements Paralell execution of N different assessment methods The N th Assessment Method The 1st The 2nd... Assambles the output from the N assessment methods Overall Stability Assessment Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

58 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Early Warning Against Emerging Blackouts Element-Wise Assessment of Stability G 1 V G 3 I G G 2 G Category: Aperiodic small-signal rotor angle stability Mechanism: Steady state torque balance in each generator G i Boundaries: Maximum steady-state injectable power from G i The stability can be assessed if Z inj and Z th are known Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

59 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Early Warning Against Emerging Blackouts Assessment of Aperiodic Small Signal Stability - Stability Boundary Im(Z inj ) Z TH Z TH Boundary of maximum injectable power Re(Z inj ) Boundary: Z inj = Z thsinθ sinφ th Z TH Z TH Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

60 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Early Warning Method Assessment of Aperiodic Small Signal Stability: Generator Representation The synchronous machines have to be appropriately represented when the assessment is carried out This includes that excitation control and protection (AVR and OXL) have to be considered Internal node jx d Machine terminal Z ext External node Power System E q E t V ext Point of constant voltage when the machine is manually excited or when an OXL is activated Point of constant voltage when AVR is maintaining constant terminal voltage Point of constant voltage when AVR is maintaining constant voltage at an external point located Z ext away from the terminal Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

61 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Visualizing System Operating Conditions Normalizing Multiple Operating Points The method performs an element-wise assessment of the generators stability by utilizing their operating points { Z inj,i,z th,i } Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

62 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Visualizing System Operating Conditions Normalizing Multiple Operating Points The method performs an element-wise assessment of the generators stability by utilizing their operating points { Z inj,i,z th,i } In a system with k generators, k Thevenin impedances Z th,i are determined resulting in k different stability boundaries The boundaries are circular - can be normalized as a unit circle All of the k operating points can be visualized in the same normalized injection impedance and held against the same stability boundary Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

63 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Visualizing System Operating Conditions Normalizing Multiple Operating Points The method performs an element-wise assessment of the generators stability by utilizing their operating points { Z inj,i,z th,i } In a system with k generators, k Thevenin impedances Z th,i are determined resulting in k different stability boundaries The boundaries are circular - can be normalized as a unit circle All of the k operating points can be visualized in the same normalized injection impedance and held against the same stability boundary Deriving characteristic lines in a normalized injection impedance plane provides useful visualization of operating conditions for all generators Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

64 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation Visualizing System Operating Conditions Normalizing Multiple Operating Points The method performs an element-wise assessment of the generators stability by utilizing their operating points { Z inj,i,z th,i } In a system with k generators, k Thevenin impedances Z th,i are determined resulting in k different stability boundaries The boundaries are circular - can be normalized as a unit circle All of the k operating points can be visualized in the same normalized injection impedance and held against the same stability boundary Deriving characteristic lines in a normalized injection impedance plane provides useful visualization of operating conditions for all generators The mapping of { Z inj,i,z th,i } into a normalized injection impedance plane was derived such that the voltage phase angle margin δ to the critical stability boundary and the lines of constant V /E th,i ratio were preserved Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

65 Visualizing System Operating Conditions Multiple Operating Points in Normalized Injection Impedance Plane Lines of Constant δ and Constant V/E

66 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Outline 1 Introduction to DTU and CEE 2 Background for the SOSPO Project 3 Overview of the SOSPO Poject 4 Methods for Real-Time Assessment and Visualisation 5 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

67 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Introduction Simulation of the 2003 blackout in E-DK and S-SW was carried out for the purpose of testing the method on a realistic case Output used to generate synthetic PMU measurements Used to test the performance of the method Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

68 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Introduction Simulation of the 2003 blackout in E-DK and S-SW was carried out for the purpose of testing the method on a realistic case Output used to generate synthetic PMU measurements Used to test the performance of the method Simulation Model Detailed model of E-Denmark combined with a simplified model for the of the nordic system Size of the extended system 488 nodes and 672 edges Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

69 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Introduction Simulation of the 2003 blackout in E-DK and S-SW was carried out for the purpose of testing the method on a realistic case Output used to generate synthetic PMU measurements Used to test the performance of the method Simulation Model Detailed model of E-Denmark combined with a simplified model for the of the nordic system Size of the extended system 488 nodes and 672 edges Assessment of 144 generator states in 7.86ms Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

70 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW The Development of the Blackout Initial Conditions Stable and Secure Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

71 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW The Development of the Blackout Initial Conditions Stable and Secure Fault in Oskarshamn Loss of 1200MW unit Actions initiated to raise the frequency Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

72 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW The Development of the Blackout Initial Conditions Stable and Secure Fault in Oskarshamn Loss of 1200MW unit Actions initiated to raise the frequency Fault in Horred Double busbar fault five minutes after Oskarshamn 4 400kV lines and 2 900MW units lost Slowly decaying voltage over a period of 80s Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

73 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW The Development of the Blackout Initial Conditions Stable and Secure Fault in Oskarshamn Loss of 1200MW unit Actions initiated to raise the frequency Fault in Horred Double busbar fault five minutes after Oskarshamn 4 400kV lines and 2 900MW units lost Slowly decaying voltage over a period of 80s Distance relays activated system separation Center for Electric Power and Energy Department of Electrical Engineering Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

74 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Actual Measurements from the Blackout B400/kV Odensala (Uppland) kl. 12: FL4 S4 P/MW t/s t/s FL4 S4 Q/Var -2,000e t/s -4,000e+008-6,000e+008 FREKVENS B400/mHz t/s -750 Frekvensfall Frekvensstegring Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

75 Test I: 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Test - Simulated vs Measured Frequency Simulated Frequency at Bus 3100 (Central Sweden) Measured Frequency Simulated Frequency Frequency [Hz] Time in secods after 12:30:29 (CET)

76 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method Demonstration of a Large-Scale Test Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39

77 Test I: Results 1.1 I 1 Voltage at Bus (S-Sweden) II III IV Voltage [pu] Detected boundary crossover t = 53.9s V Time in seconds after 12:30:20 (CET)

78 Test Results Snapshot I at t= s % margin 4.9% margin 5.7% margin

79 Test Results Snapshot II at t= s % margin 1.3% margin 2.3% margin

80 Test Results Snapshot III at t= s Boundary 1.0 crossover of a 74MVA machine 0.6% margin 1.8% margin

81 Test Results Snapshot IV at t= s Boundary crossover of a 310MVA machine

82 Test Results Snapshot V at t= s Remaining generators in the area are rapidly ap- 1.0 proaching the boundaries

83 Example: Early Warning for the 2003 Blackout in E-DK and S-SW Large Scale Test of the Assessment Method thank you Hjörtur Jóhannsson (DTU) SOSPO / 39