EXPERIMENT MODULE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION LABORATORY BATTERY (BAT)

Transcription

1 EXPERIMENT MODULE CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION LABORATORY BATTERY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 2018

2 Contributor: Dr. Isdiriayani Nurdin, Hary Devianto, Ph.D, Dr. Ardiyan Harimawan, Jeffrey Pradipta Wijana, Robby Sukma Dharmawan, Dr. Pramujo Widiatmoko BAT 2018/PW 2

3 TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT... i LIST OF FIGURE... iii LIST OF TABLE... iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION... 1 CHAPTER II PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT Purpose Target... 2 CHAPTER III EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Devices and Measurements Materials Experiment Condition... 3 CHAPTER IV WORK PROCEDURE Experiment Steps... 4 BIBLIOGRAPHY... 8 APPENDIX A RAW DATA TABLE... 9 A.1. Determination of Resistor Resistor Value... 9 A.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery... 9 A.3. Battery Capacity Determination... 9 A.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency APPENDIX B CALCULATION PROCEDURE B.1. Determination of Resistor Resistance Value B.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery B.3. Battery Capacity Determination B.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency BAT 2016/PW i

4 APPENDIX C C.1. Resistor Resistance Value APPENDIX D BAT 2018/PW ii

5 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 4.1 The process of determining the value of resistor resistance... 4 Figure 4.2 Battery voltage and current determination procedures... 5 Figure 4.3 Battery capacity determination procedure... 6 Figure 4.4 Battery efficiency determination procedures... 7 BAT 2018/PW iii

6 LIST OF TABLE Table A.1 Resistor resistance... 9 Table A.2 Value of battery voltage and current... 9 Table A.3 Value of battery capacity... 9 Table A.4 Secondary battery efficiency Table C.1 Resistor resistance value based on color BAT 2018/PW iv

7 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that work by converting stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each battery consists of a negative electrode (anode) as the site of the oxidation reaction, the positive electrode (cathode) as the site of the reduction reaction, the electrolyte as the ion medium for moving from the anode to the cathode during the discharging process (and back to the anode during recharging) allowing current to flow from the battery to provide electrical energy. Battery can be categorized into two, the first is the primary battery ("disposable" battery) used once and discarded, while the second is a secondary battery (rechargeable battery) after which it is emptied then can be recharged several times. Batteries are composed of materials such as metals, carbon, polymers and even air. The most common are lead acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable electronics. Batteries are available in various shapes and sizes, from mini cells used for electric hearing aids and watches, to battery sized bedrooms that provide standby power for telecommunication processes and computer data centers. Recent battery research and development is significant. Batteries are expected to provide solutions for energy storage in the transition from fossil fuels to alternative energy, both for transportation and electricity production as well as to enable various portable devices of all types. BAT 1

8 CHAPTER II PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT 2.1. Purpose This practicum aims to understand the phenomena of the process of discharging and recharging the battery electrochemically and its use in simple electrical circuits Target At the end of the practicum, praktikan is expected to identify: 1. Potential diagram - current from a particular electrical load. 2. Differences in series electric circuits, parallel, or combination of series and parallel. 3. Discharging and recharging process from secondary battery. BAT 2018/PW 2

9 CHAPTER III EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 3.1. Devices and Measurements The tools used in the experiment are as follows: 1. Secondary AA battery and accumulator 12 V 2. Power supply 3. Resistors 10, 20, and Amperemeter 5. Voltmeter 6. Ohmmeter 7. Copper wire + crocodile clips 3.2. Materials The materials used in the experiment are: 1. AA Battery 2. AAA Battery 3. Battery R 4. Battery D 5. Battery 9 V 6. Resistors 3.3. Experiment Condition Experimental conditions consist of fixed experiment variables and varied variables. 1. Variables a) Room air pressure ( mmhg) b) Room Temperature (23-28 o C) 2. Varied variable a) Configuration of series, parallel, and series-parallel circuit b) Voltage and current for battery and accumulator BAT 2018/PW 3

10 CHAPTER IV WORK PROCEDURE 4.1. Experiment Steps Experimental procedures include determination of resistor value, battery voltage and current procedures with variations of circuit configuration, and determination of capacity and efficiency of secondary battery. 1. Determination of resistor value of resistor Start Create a resistor circuit Connect Resistor Circuit with Ohmmeter Literature Data Data Processing and Compare data with Literature Finish Figure 4.1 The process of determining the value of resistor resistance BAT 2018/PW 4

11 2. Determination of voltage and current of battery with variation of circuit configuration in closed circuit. The voltage determination is performed by using a voltmeter which is paralleled to the load to be measured, whereas the determination of the current is performed by using a series amperemeter with the load to be measured. Start Change the electrical circuit configuration Create a closed electrical circuit Connect Electrical circuit with voltmeter and amperemeter Data is collected Data Literature Data Data processing and Compare to literature Finish Figure 4.2 Battery voltage and current determination procedures BAT 2018/PW 5

12 3. Battery capacity determination Start Create a closed electrical circuit Connect Electrical circuit with voltmeter and amperemeter Read the value of current and voltage every time interval that has been determined for 1 hour Data is collected Data Literature Data Data processing and Bandignkan to the literature Finish Figure 4.3 Battery capacity determination procedure BAT 2018/PW 6

13 4. Determination of secondary battery efficiency efficiency calculations are performed based on the slope ratio of the discharging curve on the slope of the charging curve. Start Create a closed electrical circuit Connect Electrical circuit with voltmeter and amperemeter Read the value of current and voltage every time interval that has been determined for 1 hour Change the electrical circuit by adding a power supply / adapter Adjust the strong value of the current so that its value is equal to the discharge position Data is collected Data Data processing and Compare to literature Finish Figure 4.4 Battery efficiency determination procedures BAT 2018/PW 7

14 BIBLIOGRAPHY Bagotsky, V.S., 2006, Fundamental of Electrochemistry, 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons Inc. Prentice, G., 1991, Electrochemical Engineering Principles, Prentice-Hall International, Inc. Rahn, C. D., Wang, C.-Y., 2013, Battery Systems Engineering, John Wiley & Sons Inc. BAT 2018/PW 8

15 APPENDIX A RAW DATA TABLE A.1. Determination of Resistor Resistor Value Table A.1 Resistor resistance No. Electric Circuit Scheme Value of Resistance Based on Calculation (Ω) Measured Resistance Value (Ω) Error (%) A.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery Table A.2 Value of battery voltage and current No. Electric Circuit Scheme Value of Resistance Based on Calculation (Ω) Measured Voltage Value (V) Measured Current (A) A.3. Battery Capacity Determination Table A.3 Value of battery capacity No. Battery Type and Connected Resistor Time (minute) Measured Voltage Value (V) Measured Current (A) BAT 2018/PW 9

16 A.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency Table A.4 Secondary battery efficiency No. Battery Type and Connected Resistor Time (minute) Voltage value when discharging (V) Voltage value during charging (V) BAT 2018/PW 10

17 APPENDIX B CALCULATION PROCEDURE B.1. Determination of Resistor Resistance Value Series: Parallel: B.2. Determination of Voltage and Current of Battery Series: Parallel: B.3. Battery Capacity Determination B.4. Determination of Secondary Battery Efficiency BAT 2018/PW 11

18 APPENDIX C SPECIFICATION AND LITERATURE DATA C.1. Resistor Resistance Value Table C.1 Resistor resistance value based on color Color Color 1 Color 2 Color 3 Color 4 Black Brown Red Orange Yellow Green Blue Violet Grey 8 8 White 9 9 Gold Tolerance 5% Silver Tolerance10% BAT 2018/PW 12

19 APPENDIX D JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CONTROL SHEET No Material Material properties Repressive act 1 Used A leak may batteries occur Toxic wastes, need separate treatment Prepare a special battery dump Make sure to keep a used battery in a dry place Accidents that may occur Short circuit Electric shock Safety equipment Repressive act - Immediately disconnect one of the cable connections in the circuit. - Check the tool that causes shortcircuiting. - Immediately switch off the device connected to the AC current source. Gloves Laboratory coat Goggle Assistant Advisor Lab TK Coordinator BAT 2018/PW 13