BATTERIES SODIUM, POTASSIUM, SILICON

Transcription

1 BATTERIES SODIUM, POTASSIUM, SILICON

2 Introduction Energy is a key for scientists, business, and policy makers. Energy storage is a need. This need is due to the non-continuous working hours of rising energy sources like solar cells and wind mills. Various storage technologies: Chemical, biological, electrochemical, electrical, mechanical and thermal Grid storage and transport Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

3 How a battery function Batteries are group of electrochemical cells (devices that convert chemical energy into electrical energy) connected in series. These cells are composed of two electrodes (Plates) immersed in electrolyte solution which produce an electric current when a circuit is formed between them. As a battery is charged, electric energy is stored as chemical energy within the cells, when it is connected in circuit with a load stored chemical energy is being removed from the battery and converted to electrical energy.

4 SODIUM-ION BATTERY Sodium-ion battery is relatively young compared to other battery types. The mined basic raw material is with about /ton, times cheaper than lithium carbonate. These factors: price, abundance and size, make sodium-ion batteries particularly interesting for large scale grid storage applications. Efforts are also being to develop sodium batteries for electric vehicles, but grid storage applications are most promising in nearer feature.

5 Light weight Sodium battery

6 ADVANTAGES If there is a problem with the battery, it causes a deposit of salt or metal and a short circuit located (self-defence).. Low market prices. No memory effect

7 DISADVANTAGES Lose 12% in self discharge to keep heat It takes several days to charge in case you forget to charge it full Not very concentrated (molecular concentration) Need high temperature for optimal work

8 COST Sodium and batteries have, while offering useful energy densities, poor power densities. However, due to the requested high temperatures ( C) for liquidised sodium. The operation of these batteries is more difficult, resulting in higher Kwh costs (about )

9 CYCLES

10 MAINTENANCE Requires special carefulness Must be maintained at high working temperature for a good functioning

11 MAIN APPLICATION These batteries are especially designed for intensive professional use (Vehicles of heavy transport, boat, ) Boat of contenairs transport (Maritime charter company- General maritime company) Vehicles of heavy transport of valence (Paris)

12 POTASSIUM-ION BATTERY A potassium-ion battery is a type of battery that uses a potassium compound Prussian blue as the cathode material. Inside of a potassium battery Front view Top view

13 Advantages The cell design is simple. The procedure needed for the cell fabrication is cheaper than Lithium-ion. Potassium batteries can accept a wide range of cathode materials with excellent rechargeability. A noticeable advantage of potassium batteries is the availability of potassium graphite. There is a negligible capacity fade for the battery performance at elevated temperatures

14 Disadvantages. The potash is concentrated, therefore corrosive. Can pollute if not recycled. This type of battery is still in study. That is why some advantages or disadvantages can be found.

15 SILICON-ION BATTERY Silicon-air batteries are created from oxygen and silicon. Such batteries have lightweight. Have a high tolerance for both extremely dry conditions and high humidity. Provide significant savings in cost and weight.

16 E.I. Silicon Nano wire Battery. Silicon nano wire battery is a new silicon battery which is rechargeable battery that can hold ten times more power than the batteries used today. Silicon nano wire batteries have been around for quite some time but they have never been applied to batteries before. SILICON NANOWIRE BATTERIES

17 Nanowire Battery in the market The SNB is expected to replace the lithium-ion battery. Using a SNB for a laptop, the battery life will last ten times longer the life of a lithium-ion battery.

18 Advantages of the SNB The SNB can be used for electronics devices such as: Laptops Ipods Cell phones Digital cameras and video camera

19 Some SNB models SNB for ipod SNB for camera etc... SNB for laptop