European biomethane standards for

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Collin Randolph Hawkins
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1 European biomethane standards for grid injection and vehicle fuel use Biosurf Final Conference 24 November 2017, Brussels Dr Arthur Wellinger European Biogas Association

2 CEN TC 408 In the framework of Biosurf, EBA participated in the CEN Technical Committee establishing a standard on Natural gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane for injection in the natural gas network Part 1: Specifications for biomethane for injection in the natural gas network (EN Part 1) Part 2: Automotive fuel specifications (EN Part 2) Both standards were formally accepted in Nov 2016 resp. March 2017

3 EN EN 16723

4 Why do we need a European Biomethane Standard? Mandate was given by DG Energy Unit C2 on the background that: The number of NGV s was continuously increasing All biomethane producing countries (and even some others) established standards for injection but they were all different Standardization brings legal and technical security Allows easier market access Is a helpful precondition for free trade

5 Development of Biomethane upgrading Plants

6 Development of Biomethane Upgrading Plants Country Number of plants 2016 Number of plants 2014 Increase [%] Austria % Denmark % Finland % France % Germany % Hungary 2 2 0% Iceland 2 0 Italy % Luxembourg 3 3 0% Netherlands % Norway 4 0 SPAIN 1 1 0% Sweden % Switzerland % United Kingdom % Total %

7 Number of vehicles and filling stations EU countries Light Vehicles Buses Trucks All European NGV countries Italy Germany Sweden Switzerland France Country Number of CNG filling stations Italy Germany 913 Austria 173 Sweden 169 Netherlands 162 Switzerland 136 Total Source: CNG Europe

8 Scope of the work and mandate Scope : Standardisation of biomethane Specifications for use as vehicle fuel and injection in natural gas grid. CEN/TC 408 does not focus on the biomethane production process or source nor on the origin of the source.

9 Biomethane Processes A aerobic digestio fo o ed by biogas upgradi g Gasificatio of re e ab e orga ic matter fo o ed by sy gas co versio to biometha e Po er-to-gas: produci g metha e fue from bioge ic carbo or uti izi g bio ogica path ays

10 Mandate M/475 EN (grid injection)

11 EN Requirements, limit values and related test methods for natural gas and biomethane as automotive fuels with normal MN grade (methane number 65 as in EN 16726) At the time, the limit values are the same for higher MN grades (methane number 80 or higher)

12 EN A range of limit values for siloxanes is proposed for this standard: Boiler tests (biogas only):0,10 mg Si/m3 Analytical measurement: 0,30 mg Si/m3. Low value only for direct fueling Higher value of 1mg/m3 for grid injection

13 Limits of Hydrogen In most of the grids 10% hydrogen would not be a problem but Underground porous rock storage: hydrogen is a good substrate for sulphate reducing bacteria Clogging of caverns by suslphide Steel tanks have a limit value of 2% H2 Gas turbines <1% (>5% is possible) Gas engines <2% (up to 10% possible) Source: Altfeld

14 Mandate CEN/TC 234 WG 11 EN16726:2015 EN is the standard for natural gas in the grid. It is also applicable for grid injection and fuelling. Relative density Sulphur content Carbon dioxide Dew point Methane Number (MN) Crucial for biomethane is the oxygen limit: or 1 mol% At et ork e try poi ts a d i terco ectio poi ts the mole fraction of oxygen shall be no more than 0,001 % (24 h average). Where the gas can be demonstrated not to flow to installations sensitive to higher levels of oxygen, e.g. underground storage systems, a higher limit of up to 1 % may be applied.

15 Open questions Wobbe-Index Sulphur content Siloxanes Hydrogen Health (EN 16726:unsolved discussion on band width) (EN 16726: Unsolved discussion on odorization, etc) (EN 16723: OEM s vs analysis vs production) (ongoing discussion in several CEN groups) (Sulphur emission, bacterial danger)

16 H2020 Research project by CEN TC 408 Impact of siloxanes on heavy duty engines Impact of Sulphur on catalytic converters and performance of engines Impact of oxygen on underground storages Impact of components on health

17 Thank you for your attention Arthur Wellinger

European biomethane standards for grid injection and vehicle fuel use

European biomethane standards for grid injection and vehicle fuel use Biosurf Workshop 5 December 2017, Amsterdam Dr Arthur Wellinger European Biogas Association CEN TC 408 In the framework of Biosurf,