Fordonsstrategisk Forskning och Innovation Kiselkarbidsensorer för tillförlitligare och effektivare styrning av dieselmotorer/ avgasefterbehandling

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1 Energirelaterad Fordonsforskning 2017 Clarion Hotel Post 4-5 Oktober Mike Andersson * ; SenSiC AB (mike.andersson@sensic.se) Henrik Flemmer, Martin Karlsson, Niklas Karpe; Scania CV Lisa Nyström; AB Volvo Jens Eriksson; Linköpings Universitet Magnus Skoglundh; Chalmers Tekniska Högskola Fordonsstrategisk Forskning och Innovation Kiselkarbidsensorer för tillförlitligare och effektivare styrning av dieselmotorer/ avgasefterbehandling Adress (postal/visit) +46 (0) Isafjordsgatan 39B SE Kista, Sweden info@sensic.se

2 CO 2 emissions [g/km] Conventional internal combustion engines will continue to be indispensable (Volkswagen) Urea 6 C warmer Fuel efficiency Low-carbon fuels TABLE I LEV III OBD ( phase-in) Emission type LEV Standards SULEV PM 20 mg/mi 20 mg/mi CO NMOG* + NO x 280 mg/mi Shift Avoid mg/mi 2500 mg/mi 50 mg/mi * NMOG = Non-Methane Organic Gas Passenger car fleet average, measured and future goals (ICCT - International Council on Clean Transport) Year The sensing challenges will be NO x, hydrocarbons, and NH 3 (Engine Research Centre, Bayreuth) EU US Japan China India NOx sensor data sheet OBD system (On-Board Diagnostics) Sensors Urea-SCR NH 3 sensor NO x sensor Sensors: NO x, O 2, PM.. RDE Specific NH 3 emissions limit HDVs: 10 ppm NH 3 sensor Dynamic range 0-1,650 [ppm] Detection limit 10 [ppm] Accuracy ±10 [ppm] or ±10% Cross-sensitivity NH3

3 Transducer development Modeling Design Modeling Design Sensor material development Data Processing 1 2 Development of a sensor unit for the monitoring and reduction of diesel NO x emissions 4 3 Processing Processing analysis Design Engine test cell evaluation Modeling Packaging development

4 Jens Eriksson, (Assoc. Prof.) Hossein Fashandi, (Ph.D.) Peter Möller, (Ph.D. student) Considering the elevated temperatures and corrosive environment of the exhaust system, all electrical contacts and protective layers of the sensors have to be designed accordingly Platinum contact metallization, no passivation layer Platinum contact metallization, with passivation layer IrO 2 contact metallization, with passivation layer Exhaust temperature Temperature Pressure 500 C 550 C 700 C Contact metallization Long-term stable ~60 C 600 C 400 C 200 C and pressure, including DPF regeneration Sensor device and passivation Ohmic contact metallization Long-term contact resistance stability ~720 C temperature-cycled operation Long-term nondestructive sensor operation at 600 C

5 BaTiO C 580 C 560 C 540 C 520 C 500 C Magnus Skoglundh, (Prof.) Norman Wilken, (Post Doc) NO 2 response SrTiO 3 SrTiO 3 / Ir CaTiO 3 NO adsorption/ desorption characteristics PLD SEM PLD-deposited SrTiO 3 (600 C) Temperature [ C] XRD Gate material designed/ processed with optimum NO x 580 C

6 1 Direct integration of the SiC sensor chip in an LTCC package 3 Electrical/ Gas characterization Mike Andersson, Lars Hammarlund, Olle Westblom (Ulf Thole) 2 Structural/ compositional characterization of packaged devices 4 Sensor housing assembly Sensor packaging and housing developed for 600 C operation

7 Comparison to commercially available NO x sensor Commercial NO x sensor SiC FET sensor (SrTiO 3 ) Henrik Flemmer Martin Karlsson Niklas Karpe Lisa Nyström (AB Volvo) After 3 weeks operation NO NH NO 2 NH 3 SiC FET sensor (SrTiO 3 ) 1 SiC FET sensor (SrTiO 3 ) 2 FTIR Urea-dosing switched off 15 5 NO x 12 Time [s] Lab- and engine test cell NO x monitoring Sensor stability Calibration NH 3 Sensor signal [ma] NH40 3 concentration 60 [ppm] [ppm] Calibration After 2 weeks operation Marine diesel exhaust ammonia slip monitoring

8 NO x sensor Promising NO x sensing concept Further evaluation needed T oper : 600 C (650 C) Prel range: ppm Detection limit: ~1 ppm Prel accuracy: +/- 5 ppm or +/- 5% Prel response time t 90 : 5-10 s Sensor signal [mv] Baseline Response time Response Recovery time = t 90 Response [mv] Concentration [ppm] Time [s] Sensitivity S (@ 500ppm) S = R/ C NH 3 sensor NH 3 sensing concept validated T oper : C Prel range: ppm Detection limit: < 1 ppm Accuracy: +/- 3 ppm or +/- 5% Response time t 90 : 1-5 s The silicon carbide based FET NO x sensor is currently up for proof-of-concept validation and SenSiC has taken the decision to further develop and commercialize the NO x sensor The silicon carbide based FET NH 3 sensor is currently undergoing productification for SCR control applications

9 Thank you for your attention! Acknowledgments Without the kind support of partners and colleagues this project would not have achieved the results just presented: Joni Huotari, Jarkko Puustinen, Jyrki Lappalainen Maciej Sobocinski, Jari Juuti, Heli Jantunen Christian Bur, Manuel bastuck, Andreas Schütze Kent Omre Jaska Paaso Sanuli Määttä Neither without the funding support from the partners found below