Air Quality Benefits of Emission Control Areas in Mexico

Transcription

1 Air Quality Benefits of Emission Control Areas in Mexico An Opportunity to Protect Public Health and the Environment Pacific Ports Clean Air Collaborative Conference March 2018

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3 Presentation Overview

4 Containers General and Bulk Cargo Tankers Others The Clean Air Institute 4 Fuente: Kiln Digital

5 Mexican Ship Traffic Projected to Increase % by 2030 Percentage increase in use of energy and/or CO2 emissions attributed to maritime activity growth within the modeling domain Fuente: US EPA (2015). U.S.-Mexico Cooperation on Reducing Emissions from Ships through a Mexican Emission Control Area: Development of the First National Mexican Emission Inventories for Ships Using the Waterway Network Ship Traffic, Energy, and Environmental Model (STEEM)

6 Currently, ships that 4.0 Fuel Sulfur Content operate in Mexican waters can burn "bunker fuel, a residue from the oil refining process. Sulfur Content (%) Anexo VI MARPOL (antes de 2020) Fuente: Elaboración Propia Anexo VI MARPOL (a partir de 2020) 0.1 Zona de Control de Emisiones Diesel automotriz (a más tardar el 31 de diciembre de 2018) NOM-016-CRE

7 Meteorological conditions in Mexico favor the transport and concentration of pollutants from maritime activity, in both coastal and inland areas. Wind Direction Wind Speed Temperature Fuente: R. Romero Centeno, J. Zavala Hidalgo y G. B. Raga (2007), Midsummer gap winds and low-level circulation over the eastern tropical Pacific, Journal of Climate, núm. 20, pp Fuente: NOAA, Global Climate Station Summaries Map, en: < Fuente: NOAA, Global Climate Station Summaries Map, en: <

8 CALIDAD DEL AIRE EN MÉXICO Pollution from marine vessels can reach the cities of the interior of the country. The Mexico City Valley and other cities in the country have reduced pollution as a result of air quality plans implemented over more than thirty years. However, the problems of air quality and its effects on health are still a challenge. Therefore, the country has established the National Air Quality Strategy The reduction of pollution in cities increases the proportion and relative importance of shipping emissions.

9 PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS 64 Parks, as well as land and marine protected areas are affected by air pollution

10 ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES Numerous archaeological sites on the peninsula of Yucatan and the rest of the country suffer damage caused by air pollution.

11 Economic loss in crops by exposure to ozone in the central region of Mexico, June- September 2011 Fuente: INECC, (2014). Estudios de calidad del aire y su impacto en la región centro de México (Ecaim). Instituto Nacional de Ecología y Cambio Climático. Ciudad de México, México

12 2. MARPOL Annex VI

13 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL)

14 In 2010, the IMO approved the establishment of the North American ECA, jointly proposed by the United States and Canada. The designation of a Mexican ECA would allow regional consistency with the "North American ECA" already being implemented. ZCE de México (propuesta) Imagen: Intertanko

15 3. Proposed Mexican Emissions Control Area

16 Fuente: SEMARNAT (2018). Mapa elaborado por la Subsecretaría de Planeación y Política Ambiental The proposed ECA is delimited by: a) international maritime boundaries of the country, and b) an imaginary line located at a distance of kilometers (200 nm) from the Mexican Pacific, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea coastalines.

17 ESTIAMTED EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS 1, REDUCTIONS PM and SOx Emissions (Thousand Metric Tons) 1,400 1,200 1, PM SOx NOx Nox Emissions (Millon Metric Tons) 70% PM & 80% IN SOX AND NOX Emisiones Año Base Anexo VI Marpol ZCE México Source: CEC (2015a). Reducing Emissions from Goods Movement via Maritime Transportation in North America: Evaluation of the Impacts of Ship Emissions over exico, Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal.

18 Reduction in annual PM2.5 concentrations resulting from Mexican ECA Implementation Scenario 2030 without Mexican ECA Scenario 2030 with Mexican ECA Implementation Source: CEC (2015a). Reducing Emissions from Goods Movement via Maritime Transportation in North America: Evaluation of the Impacts of Ship Emissions over Mexico, Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal.

19 25,000 HEALTH BENEFITS Premature Deaths Avoided

20 Changes in Dry SO 2 Deposition as a result of the ECA Implementation Source: CEC (2015a). Reducing Emissions from Goods Movement via Maritime Transportation in North America: Evaluation of the Impacts of Ship Emissions over Mexico, Commission for Environmental Cooperation, Montreal.

21 ECOSYSTEMS BENEFITS Reduction of up to 80% Dry SO 2 deposition in Coastal zones Benefits in: Natural and Marine Protected Areas and Archeological Zones

22 BENEFIT COST RATIO BENEFICIOS $ 43.1 BILLONES USD Salud y productividad 10:1 Benefit-cost ratio COSTS $ 4.5 BILLONS USD Fuel and Compliance

23 Establishment of a Mexican Emissions Control Area would lead to: Nominal compliance cost mainly covered by foreign-flagged ships, now responsible for more than 75% of the maritime activity and emissions on Mexican waters. Monetized benefits that far exceed the costs.

24 Thank You