Overview of SOP-0/DABEX/DODO

Transcription

1 BAe46 ULA AMF Banizoumbou Bani/ Djougou/ Ilorin Djougou Overview of SOP-/DABEX/DODO Jim Haywood, Jacques Pelon (TT7) Simon Osborne, Ben Johnson, Glenn Greed, Paola Formenti, Francois Dulac, Patrick Chazette, Marc Mallet, Isabelle Chiapello, Eleanor Highwood, Claire McConnell, Hugh Coe, Gerard Capes, Birgit Hesse, Tony Slingo, Karine Desboeufs, Jean-Luc Rajot, Veronique Pont, Didier Tanre, Francois-Marie Breon. AMMA SOP Meeting, Toulouse, 6- th November 26 Crown copyright 24 Page

2 AMMA SOP-: Summary & Highlights SOP- AMF DABEX DODO ARM Mobile Facility Dust And Biomass burning EXperiment Dust Outflow and Deposition to the Ocean Crown copyright 24 Page 2

3 January 26 Crown copyright 24 Page 3

4 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

5 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 5,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

6 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 6,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

7 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 7,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

8 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 8,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

9 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 9,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

10 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

11 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5,, - -, - 3, 2, , ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

12 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 2,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

13 6_623_Banizoumbou.lev5 6_623_Dakar.lev5, -, ,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, 6_623_Djougou.lev5 6_623_Ilorin.lev5 6_623_Agoufou.lev5 4, 3,5, -, - 3, 2, , ,,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4, Crown copyright 24 Page 3,, 5, 2, 25, 3, 35, 4,

14 DABEX/DODO overview: BAe46 operations MODIS fire counts 5-9 th Jan 6 Niamey Crown copyright 24 Page 4

15 DABEX overview Dust sources 3 th January 2 nd February 26 3 Flights to the NE for dust 6 Flights to the south for biomass 3 Flights near Niamey Flying over Aeronet sites BB = Biomass-burning BB aerosol sources BB aerosol sources Crown copyright 24 Page 5

16 Aircraft campaign DODO (Feb 6) Dakar M Bour Flight No Date Length Objectives B69 7 Feb 2,56 Shakedown /biomass B7 Feb 4,59 In-situ biomass B7/B72 3 Feb 4,8/,4 Major dust storm B73 4 Feb 4,46 In situ, local dust source B74 5 Feb 4,48 In situ, dust advected over ocean B75 6 Feb 5,24 In situ and radiation over land, moderate dust loading

17 DC-8 comp. Limited dust outflow over ocean Radiative closure/in-situ studies Very high dust loadings 2 st August - 29 th August Six good dust flights (25 hours in total) Sampled dust outbreak at variety of stages (from very heavy loading over land B238) to lighter loading with many thin layers over the ocean (B24) Good range of longitudes flown out towards Sal Intercomparison flight with DC-8 (although dust load not as heavy as we might have liked) Good seasonal comparisons with DODO (SOP-)

18 B59 9 th January 26 flight track P2 Banizoumbou P7 P8 Djougou Crown copyright 24 Page 8

19 Ultra-Light Aircraft (ULA) characteristics and payload ULA payload the backscatter lidar LAUVA (355 nm) a GPS an artificial horizon a PTU sonde a wide-band scatterometer operating at 88 nm ULA general characteristics Air Création competition machine Horizontal pointing during ascent and descent, nadir pointing on cruise True airspeed: 7 to 4 m/s (6 to 45 km/h) Ascent speed: up to 365 ft/min ( m/min) Descent speed: 825 ft/min (25 m/min) Endurance: 3 hr (max 4 hr at 2 m/s) Maximum scientific payload: 2 kg Maximum altitude: 5.8 km

20 Airborne measurements on the ULA 3 + flights from 24 Jan. to Feb. 26 Duration: 46 to 69 mn Max. altitude: 3.5 to 5.6 km N B Including: T 3 profiles at Niamey in coincidence with BAe-46 (26 & 28 Jan., Feb.) and about km of common track to SE ( Feb.) 2 flights to Banizoumbou with descents over the station (25 & 26 Jan.) failure of tentative coincidence with the surface lidar (3 Jan.) 2 N-S transects to and from La Tapoa (29 and 3 Jan.)

21 Examples of ground-based data Niamey airport: 234 Jan.

22 Niamey airport: Feb. Dust arrival in the BL during the night Lidar POLIS of Munich University (B. Heese measurements) ~8% depolarisation

23 Vertical distribution from BAe46: DABEX BB aerosol Nephelometer wavelengths μm μm μm Dust BB aerosol BB aerosol Mixture Dust Dust Crown copyright 24 Page 23

24 Intercomparison #: BAe-46 nephelometer vs ULA lidar ULA (355nm) BAe-46 (355nm) Crown copyright 24 Page 24

25 Intercomparison #2: Djougou number size distributions: ground SMPS vs aircraft PCASP Crown copyright 24 Page 25

26 Intercomparison #3: CIMELS vs aircraft volume size distributions BAe-46 vs Banizoumbou B59 aircraft in-situ AERONET mean AERONET individual Crown copyright 24 Page 26

27 Schematic of aerosol transport 5kft Aged BB aerosol & small amount of dust 5kft Dust Mixtures Fresh BB Fires North (2 o N) Niamey (4 o N) South ( o N) Crown copyright 24 Page 27

28 Physical properties of aerosols: Mixing of fresh smoke and dust Fresh biomass mixed with dust Fresh smoke mixing with dust Fires Crown copyright 24 Page 28

29 Physical properties of aerosols: Variability of size distribution Freshest BB aerosol Aging We will investigate if this is primarily due to coagulation or condensation. Crown copyright 24 Page 29

30 Chemical properties of aerosols: AMS data Very successful useable data from all (DABEX & DODO) flights except second half of B56 Background signal very clean few sources of pollution. Only substantial signal was for biomass burning (org)

31 CO/ Organics correlation Aging moves along the curve Aging moves along the curve Why this robust relationship?. Secondary aerosol is produced very close to source i.e. very quick processing 2. Limited secondary production i.e. little precursor VOC is converted to secondary aerosol mass due to limited photochemistry 3. Primary organic mass is far greater than the secondary, rendering the secondary contribution insignificant Regardless of which of the three is the case, any/all of the above scenarios could explain the robust relationship.

32 Airborne aerosol filter sampling (Formenti/Desboeufs)

33 Example of PIXE spectrum : old BB elevated layer Counts/ C Al Si S B58N6 5 K Ca X-ray energy (kev)

34 Single-particle analysis B59N3, 5 feet between Banizoumbou and Niamey 44 µm Filter pores (.4 µm) 6 µm 59 µm

35 Aerosol optical properties: single scattering albedo at.55 microns (ω o ) All SLR data from DABEX Dust Huge range of values from all flights Dust virtually non-absorbing (ω o ~) for DABEX/DODO (Jan/Feb), but much more absorbing for DODO2 (Aug), (ωo~.95). Different chemistry? Different sources? R 2 = -.97 BB BB aerosol highly absorbing aerosol (ω = ). More absorbing than S. African BB (ωo~.9). Higher BC? Aging/mixing effects? Crown copyright 24 Page 35

36 Aerosol radiative effects:- Aerosol optical depth on Djougou (Mallet) ( coll. LOA) the region was rather turbid AOD 44.5 for major days mean AOD 44 during January 26 is equals to.9

37 Aerosol local direct radiative forcing on Djougou significant aerosol atmospheric forcing! + 2 W.m ΔF M + 7 W.m! what is the possible impact on the atmospheric dynamic and on the cloud formation? Surface Forcing Mospheric Forcing TOA Forcing significant aerosol surface forcing! - 45 W.m ΔF BOA - W.m 7 th Jan. due to SSA.85 & AOD.5! what is the possible impact on the surface energy budget, such as latent or sensible heat fluxes?

38 In more detail: AMF: 6 th January is a almost aerosol free day (AOD~.7) 9 th January is a turbid day (AOD=.7) The change in the downwelling radiation is approximately: 875Wm 725Wm =5Wm Crown copyright 24 Page 38

39 Measurements are only a part of it: Dust modelling in the CAMM (Glenn Greed):- ~km resolution CAMM mesoscale model. 6-bin dust scheme (Woodward et al., 2) Dust production in each bin a function of: windspeed soil moisture vegetative fraction Advection, dry and wet deposition. Crown copyright 24 Page 39

40 After some tuning(!) of the dust scheme the optical depths are very reasonable: M Bour site (Chiapello):- 2 Dakar (Senegal) Aerosol Optical Thickness at 555 nm - August AERONET (level.5 data).6 CAMM (re-run).4 AOT at 555 nm Day of August 26 Crown copyright 24 Page 4

41 Future: The inter-annual variability of clear-sky DOLR. Red/orange colours indicate that the model OLR is too high by approximately 4-5Wm. Crown copyright 24 Page 4

42 The BAe46 is booked for provisional flying from Niamey to Nouakchott:- Crown copyright 24 Page 42

43 Flight plan for GERBILS: GERB Intercomparison of Longwave and Shortwave radiation GERB/ SEVIRI Crown copyright 24 Page 43

44 Danger! If lidar fitted (8kg), we have 2mins spare in for NO WIND conditions. GERB/ SEVIRI We need a lighter lidar! 4m/s = for 5hours = 24km = 4mins!!! Nouakchott Niamey Crown copyright 24 Page 44