I3 - Long range transport surveys

Transcription

1 I3 - Long range transport surveys Hans Schlager with contributions from Celine Mari, Claire Reeves, Andreas Minkin, Tomas Hamburger, Michael Volk, Cornelius Schiller, Jean Pierre Cammas

2 I3 - Long range transport surveys Cirrus and low density NAT layer Convective outflow layer Mineral dust layer

3 I3 - Objectives To study trace gas and aerosol evolution in air masses transported downwind of convective regions To investigate large scale impact of West African emissons Specific tasks Sample aged MCS outflow (transects based on forwardtrajectory forecasts from MCSs) Characterise large-scale perturbed and background air masses (north-south transects) Survey TTL (step profiles) Survey cold point TP region / Calipso validation (step profiles)

4 I3 -Data Base Platform Date 27/ /08 06/08 08/08 11/8 13/08 19/08 20/08 D-F20 X X X X F-F20 X X X M55 X X X BAe146 X X X X MOZAIC one flight per day in Aug 06 Air Namibia Balloons see presentation of JPP

5 flight a 11-aug :51:21-17:57:02 Interseption of MCS outflow aged 24 hrs 11 Aug 06 MSG-ir _1800 (Hamburger, DLR)

6 D-F20 Flight Pattern on 11 Aug 06

7 D-F20 NO, NOy D-F20 O 3 (Schlager et al., DLR)

8 Vertical Aerosol Profiles Nucleation Mode Particles AMMA Ouagadougou campaign Falcon, flight a 11-Aug Vertical aerosol profiles STPN10 STPN10.MED (asc) STPN10.MED (desc) STPN10TD250 STPN10TD250.MED (asc) STPN10TD250.MED (desc) AMMA Ouagadougou campaign Falcon, flight a 11-Aug Nucleation mode particles N410 flight altitude pressure altitude (km) ambient concentration (particles/cm 3 ) : : : :30 Preliminary data. To be used only for quicklook purposes. date & time (UT) flight altitude (km) DLR number concentration (cm -3 stp) Preliminary data. To be used only for quicklook purposes. DLR -- 0 (Minikin et al., DLR)

9 flight a 06-aug :23:05-12:44:20 Interseption of MCS outflow aged 108 hrs 06 Aug 06 MSG-ir _2200 (Hamburger, DLR)

10 D-F20 Flight Pattern on 06 Aug 06

11 fresh MCS outflow D-F20 NO, NOy aged MCS outflow D-F20 O 3 (Schlager et al., DLR)

12 Aerosol Size Distribution (DMA) 0.16 DMA size distribution ( nm range) Falcon flight 6-Aug concentration per size bin (log(dn/dlogd)) particle size (µm) altitude (km) decimal hour of day (Minikin et al., DLR)

13 Haze layer over Burkina (Sahelian/Saharan dust?) Example 15-Aug-2006 (1-5 km) 8 "Haze" particles 1-3 µm, FSSP-300 Total CN Non-volatile CN absorption coeff. (raw data) 7 6 pressure altitude (km) >10 nm >10 nm >~100 nm particle number concentration (cm -3 stp) absorption coefficient (10-6 m -1 ) (Minikin et al., DLR)

14 Influence of biomass burning in Central/South Africa on WA

15 GIRAFE: total integrated column of fire tracer for 13 Aug 06 (9.5 d) Initial position of fire pixels from MODIS on 04/08/06 (courtesy Mari, CNRS)

16 Five Aircraft North-South Survey of WA on 13 Aug 06 M55 ATR BAe146 D-F20 F-F20 (courtesy C. Mari, CNRS)

17 I3 13 th August (B231) Long-range transport event of air impacted by biomass burning - Elevated concentrations of ozone and CO (courtesy C. Reeves )

18 I3 13 th August (B231) Long-range transport event of air impacted by biomass burning - Indicated by elevated concentrations of acetonitrile (courtesy C. Reeves)

19 h=11.5 km F-F20 CO & O 3 h=7.5 km courtesy C. Mari, CNRS/LA

20 D-F20 CO 2, CO biomass burning plume?? (Schlager et al., DLR)

21 D-F20 NO, NOy, HCHO, O 3 (Schlager et al., DLR)

22 GIRAFE: total integrated column of fire tracer for 13 Aug 06 (9.5 d) Initial position of fire pixels from MODIS on 04/08/06

23 Accumulation Mode Particles AMMA Ouagadougou campaign Falcon, flight a 13-Aug-2006 Accumulation mode particles PCASP-100X results (20 s averages) µm (chns 3-5) µm (chns 6-10) µm (chns 11-15) flight altitude 12 D-F20 SO 2 ambient concentration (particles/cm 3 ) flight altitude (km) : : : : :00 Preliminary data. To be used only for quicklook purposes. date & time (UT) 0 DLR -- Nucleation Mode Particles AMMA Ouagadougou campaign Falcon, flight a 13-Aug Nucleation mode particles N410 flight altitude (Arnold et al., MPI) ambient concentration (particles/cm 3 ) flight altitude (km) : : : : :00 Preliminary data. To be used only for quicklook purposes. date & time (UT) DLR -- (Minikin et al., DLR) 0

24 MOZAIC - Air Namibia observations during AMMA - One flight per day (Windhoek-Frankfurt/London) since Dec Measurements in the UT: O3, CO, Rel. Hum., Temp., Winds - Budget for 2006 (transport): INSU-CNRS, ACCENT Latitude (deg) O3 minimum (40 ppbv) and RH maximum (90%) in the divergence outflow of the ITCZ 0 Plumes of CO from biomass fires in Central Africa (max. at -7 ) -10 O 3 : 70 ppb CO: 165 ppb -20 Mixing Ratio (courtesy J.-P. Cammas)

25 Convective transport of BL air into the TTL Flight Dates M55 CO Flight Dates M55 CO 2 ~18 km Theta (K) 400 Theta (K) 400 ~15 km COLD CO (ppb) HAGAR CO2 (ppm) (CNR/INOA) (Volk et al., Uni Frankfurt)

26 M55 NO, NOy 4 profiles impact of aged air fresh outflow (Schlager et al., DLR)

27 Inmixing of stratospheric air into the TTL? Latitude N Latitude N M55 N 2 O 400 M55 CH 4 Theta (K) No low tracer values in TTL Flight Dates Theta (K) Flight Dates HAGAR N2O (ppb) CH4 (ppb) 1700 (Volk et al.)

28 Water vapour vertical distribution M55 M55 saturation mixing ratio over ice saturation mixing ratio over ice total water mixing ratio total water mixing ratio (Schiller et al., FZJ)

29 Survey of the tropopause region min: - 82 C Detection of low number density NOy containing particles (NAT?)

30 Conclusions Data sampled are very well suited to address the I3 objectives High ozone production rates and particle nucleation were found in MCS outflow and BB plumes Convective influence was observed up to 15 (18?) km altitude No inmixing of stratospheric air into the TTL was observed Measured H2O mixing ratios at the cold point correspond to the saturation mixing ratio over ice NAT type particles with low number density were found near the cold point TP

31 Many Thanks to Flight Planning & Support Teams Measurement Groups in Niamey & Ouagadougou