Ecography. Supplementary material

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1 Ecography ECOG Karger, D. N., Tuomisto, H., Amoroso, V. B., Darnaedi, D., Hidayat, A., Abrahamczyk, S., Kluge, J., Lehnert, M. and Kessler, M The importance of species pool size for community composition. Ecography doi: /ecog Supplementary material

2 Appendix 1 Table A1 Locations of the sampling sites in Indonesia and the Philippines at 1100 and 1200 m elevation (elev.), the mean elevation measured using a handheld GPS device (Garmin GPSmap 60CSx) and standard deviation in elevation between plot (sd). No. Island Mountain/Site Latitude Longitude elev. band mean elev. sd 1 Luzon Mingan Mountains 15 25'N 'E Sibuyan Mt. Guiting Guiting 12 26'N 'E Panay Mt. Madia-as 11 21N 'E Camiguin Mt. Timpoong 09 11'N 'E Mindanao Mt. Kitanglad 08 08'N 'E Mindanao Mt. Hamiguitan 06 44'N 'E Sulawesi Gunung Duasudara 01 29'N 'E Sulawesi Toro, Lore Lindu 01 29'S 'E NP Lombok Gunung Rinjani 08 20'S 'E Tidore Gunung Kiematubu 00 40'N 'E Bacan Gunung Sibela 00 42'S 'E Buru Wafehai 03 13'S 'E Seram Manusela NP 02 59'S 'E New Arfak Mountains 01 20'S 'E Guinea New Pass Valley 03 46'S 'E Guinea

3 Appendix 2 Table A2 Eigenvalues and cumulative proportion explained (cum. prop. expl. [%]) of the axes derived from dimension reduction using principal component analysis (PCA) as well as the specific scores of each variable within the respective PCA. Eigenvalues and R² values for the cumulative proportion explained (cum. prop. expl.) are shown for those axes which were selected as dimensionality reduced axes for the respective set of variables using a threshold of 70 % cumulative proportion explained. For variables included in the respective variable set see Table 1. Variable Set PC1 PC2 PC3 Temperature eigenvalue (TEMP) cum. prop. expl Precipitation eigenvalue (PREC) cum. prop. expl Local explanatory variables eigenvalue (ENV) cum. prop. expl TEMP PC1 PC2 PC3 Annual Mean T. [ C*10] Mean Diurnal T. Range [ C*10] Isothermality T. Seasonality [ C*1000] Max T. of Warmest Month [ C*10] Min T. of Coldest Month [ C*10] T. Annual Range [ C*10] Mean T. of Wettest Quarter [ C*10] Mean T. of Driest Quarter [ C*10] Mean T. of Warmest Quarter [ C*10] Mean T. of Coldest Quarter [ C*10] PREC PC1 PC2 PC3 Annual P. [mm/m 2 /year] P. of Wettest Month [mm/ m 2 /month] P. of Driest Month [mm/month] P. Seasonality P. of Wettest Quarter [mm/quarter] P. of Driest Quarter [mm/quarter] P. of Warmest Quarter [mm/quarter] P. of Coldest Quarter [mm/quarter]

4 ENV PC1 PC2 PC3 Bryophyte cover on trees (BRYO) [%] Mean Inclination of the terrain (INC) [ ] Canopy cover (CAN) [%] Soil C [mmol/g] Soil N [mmol/g] Soil C/N Soil ph Soil Na + [µmolc/g] Soil Al 3+ [µmolc/g] Soil Ca 2+ [µmolc/g] Soil Fe 2+ [µmolc/g] Soil K + [µmolc/g] Soil Mg 2+ [µmolc/g] Soil Mn 2+ [µmolc/g]

5 Appendix 3 Table A3 R² values of the ordinary least square regression (OLS) using the diversity at different spatial extends as response variable (first column) as well as residual statistics using Shapiro-Wilk tests. p = p-value of the OLS, W = test statistic of the Shapiro-Wilk test, p w = p- value of the Shapiro-Wilk test. Significant relationships are highlighted in bold. The following columns show the explanatory variables. Abbreviations for explanatory variables are listed in Table 1. β P- 2 S POOL BRYO BRYO var INC INC var CAN CAN var C C var N R p W p W β P- 4 R p W p W β P- 8 R p W p W β P- 16 R p W p W β P- 2 N var C/N CN var ph ph var Na Na var Al 3+ Al 3+ var Ca 2+ R p W p W β P- 4 R p W p W β P- 8 R p W p W β P- 16 R p

6 W p W β P- 2 Ca 2+ var Fe 2+ Fe 2+ var K + K + var Mg 2+ Mg 2+ var Mn 2+ Mn 2+ var Na + R p W p W β P- 4 R p W p W β P- 8 R p W p W β P- 16 R p W p W β P- 2 Na + var Bio1 Bio2 Bio3 Bio4 Bio5 Bio6 Bio7 Bio8 Bio9 R p W p W β P- 4 R p W p W β P- 8 R p W p W β P- 16 R p W p W Bio10 Bio11 Bio12 Bio13 Bio14 Bio15 Bio16 Bio17 Bio18 Bio19 β P- 2 R

7 p W p W β P- 4 R p W p W β P- 8 R p W p W β P- 16 R p W p W

8 Appendix 4 Table A4 Results of multiple regression on distance matrices (MRM) with proportional species turnover of ferns and lycophytes at x 20 m study plots per study site as the dependent variable in Indonesia and the Philippines. For each analysis, a list is given of those variables whose distance matrices were retained in stepwise variable reduction. For a list of all variables that entered the initial models, see Table 1. Significance codes: *p 0.05,** p 0.01,*** p Study site R² MRM Variables retained after stepwise variable reduction Sulawesi-Duasudara 0.22*** C tot + N tot + C/N + Al 3+ + Ca 2+ + Fe 2+ + K + + Mg 2+ + Na + + INC Tidore 0.30*** C tot + N tot + ph + Fe 2+ + Mg 2+ + Mn 2+ + CAN Camiguin 0.11** C tot + N tot + C/N + ph + Mn 2+ + Na + + BRYO + INC Sibuyan 0.21*** C/N + Al 3+ + Fe 2+ + K + + Mg 2+ + Na + + INC + CAN Mindanao- 0.10** C tot + N tot + ph + Ca 2+ + Mg 2+ Hamiguitan Bacan 0.35*** C tot + ph + Na + + Fe 2+ + BRYO Luzon 0.33*** N tot + C/N + ph + Ca 2+ + K + + Mg 2+ Lombok 0.19*** C/N + ph+ Ca 2+ + BRYO Panay 0.11** C tot + N tot + C/N + Fe 2+ + Mg 2+ + BRYO Seram 0.35*** C tot + C/N + ph + Na + + Al 3+ + K + + BRYO Buru 0.37*** C tot + N tot + C/N + ph + Ca 2+ + K + + Na + Mindanao-Kitanglad 0.24*** C tot + N tot + C/N + Fe 2+ + Mg 2+ + BRYO Papua-Arfak 0.58*** C tot + ph + Al 3+ + Fe 2+ + Mg 2+ + Na + + CAN Sulawesi-Toro 0.28*** C/N + ph + Na + Ca 2+ + K + + Na + + BRYO Papua-Pass Valley 0.67*** C tot + Na + Al 3+ + Ca 2+ + K + + Mn 2+

9 Appendix 5. Figure A5 Species accumulation curves for all sampling plots in Indonesia and the Philippines separately. Species were pooled by random selection (999 runs) of individuals within the respective plot.

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250 Appendix 6 Table A6. Proportion dissimilarity in species pool compositions of the different species pools unique to each site. Bacan 0 Buru Bacan Buru Camiguin Lombok Luzon Mindanao New Guinea Pass Valley Camiguin Lombok Luzon Mindanao New Guinea Pass Valley Panay Seram Panay Seram Sibuyan Sulawesi Toro Sibuyan Sulawesi Toro Tidore New Guinea Arfak Hamiguitan Sulawesi Gunung Duasudara Tidore New Guinea Arfak Hamiguitan Sulawesi Gunung Duasudara

Elevation, Aspect, Latitude, Land Use. y = β 0 + β 1X 1 + β 2X 2 + ε

Elevation, Aspect, Latitude, Land Use. y = β 0 + β 1X 1 + β 2X 2 + ε Lab 4 Graham Emde The purpose of this lab is to determine which factors have a relationship with average temperatures along the Front Range in 1970. The study analyzes average temperatures collected from