TYPICAL OCTANE NUMBERS

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1 MGB GTV8 AND E10 BUSTING THE MYTHS WITH DATA WHY USE ETHANOL SPECIFICS ON MATERIALS & PERFORMANCE ALTERNATIVE FUEL HOSE MATERIALS WATER AND ETHANOL SOME BENCH TEST RESULTS CONCLUDE WITH A GOOD FEELING

2 TYPICAL OCTANE NUMBERS PETROL BASE STOCK IS 67 RON AROMATICS - BENZENE 101 TOLUENE 111 XYLENE 117 RON ETHANOL IS 112 RON DEPENDING ON SEASON AND DISTILLATION RANGE ALL ABOVE AND OTHER BOOSTERS ARE BLENDED TO ACHIEVE SPECIFICATION. UK REGULAR UNLEADED 95 RON UK SUPER UNLEADED 97 RON BP ULTIMATE 97 RON TESCO MOMENTUM UNLEADED 99 RON SUPPLIED BY GREENERGY SHELL V POWER 99 RON BP ULTIMATE UNLEADED 102 RON - NO LONGER AVAILABLE

3 TYPICAL FUEL ADDITIVES THESE ARE REFINERY MEASURES ANTI-OXIDANTS STOP GUMS LUBRICITY IMPROVERS REPLACE SULPHUR CONDUCTIVITY IMPROVERS INHIBIT STATIC ELECTRICITY CORROSION INHIBITORS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR OXYGENATED FUELS AND ALCOHOLS

4 PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS VOLATILITY ETHANOL HAS A HIGHER VAPOUR PRESSURE THAN PETROL AT THE SAME TEMPERATURE E10 WILL BE MORE VOLATILE THAN E0 UNLESS THE BLEND IS ADJUSTED EN 228 UNLEADED FUEL SPEC REQUIRES THIS ANYWAY - LESS VOLATILE IN SUMMER THAN IN WINTER GTV8 SU CARB POSITION IS GOOD - NOT ABOVE EXHAUST MANIFOLD RISK OF FUEL VAPOURISATION IS LOW

5 PERFORMANCE CONSIDERATIONS ETHANOL HAS LOWER CALORIFIC VALUE THAN PETROL MJ/KG A/F RATIO STOICHIOMETRIC PETROL E : 1 - PERFECT COMBUSTION ETHANOL : 1 ALL OXYGEN CONSUMED E <3.2% 14.3 : 1 E <6.6% 14.0 : 1 ENERGY RELEASED AS HEAT REDUCES WITH INCREASING ETHANOL CONTENT - WOT POWER LOWER. ETHANOL NEEDS A LOWER A/F RATIO THAN PETROL E0 FOR OPTIMUM COMBUSTION ETHANOL HAS HIGH LATENT HEAT-COOLS INLET AIR MORE DENSE CHARGE BOTH ABOVE SHIFTS OPTIMUM E10 A/F RATIO TO THE LEAN MIXTURE SIDE

6 A/F RATIO

7 PERFORMANCE & ECONOMY FOR BEST DRIVEABILITY PERFORMANCE ENGINEER SHOOTS FOR RICHER MIXTURE NO FLAT SPOT FOR BEST DURABILITY LOWER EXHAUST TEMP IS PREFERRED INFERS RICHER MIXTURE EXTRA OXYGEN MOLECULE IN ETHANOL (OXYGENATE) IMPROVES COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY IN OLDER ENGINES LOWER UNBURNT HC AND CO SO BETTER COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY MEANS PERFORMANCE CHANGES ARE PROBABLY HARD TO DETECT E10 SHOWN TO HAVE ~ 3% WORSE ECONOMY IN EPA REPORTS SAY MPG MAJOR ECONOMY INFLUENCES ARE WEATHER, TERRAIN AND DRIVING STYLE THEN ROLLING RESISTANCE: TYRE SIZE & PRESSURES AND GVW ARE EQUALLY IMPORTANT

8 FUEL HOSE

9 GATES SUPPLY CHAIN UK CONCESSIONAIRES ARE: FERRARIS PISTON SERVICES BIRMINGHAM CALL TO FIND YOUR LOCAL STOCKIST YOU NEED ¼ OR 6.4mm I.D. HOSE TO CONNECT TO FUEL FILTER AND THEN TO CARB PART NUMBER IN A 3M LENGTH SAME DIAMETER HOSE FITS FUEL PUMP TO TANK GTV8 NEEDS 1.2M TO REPLACE ALL HOSES. DISMANTLE SWAGED END - REFIT WITH HOSE CLIPS. IF ANOTHER BRAND IS SELECTED THE LAY LINE SHOULD INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING REF: SAE J30R14T1 IF THE HOSE IS UNIDENTIFIED DON T USE IT

10 GT V8 FUEL HOSE S.U. CARB

11 HOSE CLAMPS T BOLT OR SCREW CLAMP WORM DRIVE TYPE

12 CONSTANT TENSION BAND CLAMP

13 WATER AND ETHANOL

14 WATER AND ETHANOL WATER IS A RISK AREA FOR BULK STORAGE FUEL STORAGE TANKS MUST BE DRY KEEP RAIN AND SURFACE WATER OUT OF UNDERGROUND TANKS PHASE SEPARATION OCCURS AS TEMP FALLS IF FUEL IS SATURATED THEN A WATER/ETHANOL RICH LAYER WITH SOME DISSOLVED FUEL FORMS - THIS IS INCOMBUSTIBLE THE UPPER LAYER WILL BE FUEL RICH BUT MAY HAVE A LOW OCTANE NUMBER E0 DOES NOT ABSORB MUCH WATER - 1 TEASPOON IN 8 GALLONS EO SITS ON TOP OF ANY WATER IN BULK STORAGE TANKS HISTORICALLY NOT A PROBLEM EXCEPT WITH BAD STORAGE TANK MAINTENANCE SHOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM WITH E10 WHICH ABSORBS 4 TEASPOONS WATER IN ONE GALLON WATER DISPERSED IN SOLUTION IN E10 WILL NOT CAUSE AN ENGINE PROBLEM. WATER IS A PRODUCT OF COMBUSTION WILL SIMPLY DISAPPEAR IN THE EXHAUST BUT HEATING VALUE OF FUEL WILL BE REDUCED GT V8 FUEL TANK CORROSION IS TYPICALLY EXTERNAL NOT INTERNAL THE INHIBITORS WORK WELL

15 TESTS USING E0 AND E10 ON US CLASSIC CAR FUEL SYSTEMS AT KETTERING UNIVERSITY MICHIGAN. PUBLISHED IN SAE PAPER VEHICLE MODEL YEAR CARB MODEL MANUF FUEL PUMP FORD FLATHEAD BA FORD AIRTEX 578 VW BEETLE PICT-3 SOLEX AIRTEX 1071 FORD FALCON 1962 C3 FORD AIRTEX 6588 CHEVROLET BEL AIR S CARTER AIRTEX 4589 CHRYSLER NEW YORKER 1970 QUADRAJET ROCHESTER A/T BMC MINI 1959 HS (OEM) SU AUF214 (OEM) IN HAGERT'S MAGAZINE SURVEY 29% OF 6000 RESPONDENTS REPORTED PROBLEMS ATTRIBUTED TO E % EXPRESSED CONCERN ABOUT THE EFFECT OF E10 ON FUEL SYSTEM HAGERTY COMMISSIONED THE STUDY

16 TESTS USING E0 AND E10 ON US CLASSIC CAR FUEL SYSTEMS USED 2 SETS OF REBUILT OEM AND AFTERMARKET PARTS FOR TESTS DESIGNED TEST RIGS TO MIMIC OPERATION IN VEHICLE. OPERATED FOR 1600 TO 2400 HRS AT 25% DUTY CYCLE. ASSUMING AVERAGE SPEED OF 40 MPH = 60 TO 100,000 MILES. SHUT DOWN AND SAT IDLE BETWEEN RUNS FOR ANOTHER 2600 HRS PUMP FLOW AND PRESSURES MEASURED PERIODICALLY. ALL RESULTS WERE NORMAL TOTAL EXPOSURE TIME 4200 TO 5000 HRS. EXAMINATION SHOWED NO SIGN OF FAILURE MOST COMMON OBSERVATION WAS STAINING AND TARNISHING

17 STATIC EXPOSURE TESTS 3 RD SET OF PARTS WERE EXPOSED TO WETTING AND DRYING CYCLE IN E0 AND E10. COMPONENTS CUT INTO SECTIONS 5 MIN WETTING THEN 55 MIN DRYING TOTAL EXPOSURE TIME 3000 HRS DESIGNED TO ACCELERATE SWELLING AND SHRINKING OF SEALS AND GASKETS AND CORROSION ON METALS MINOR CHANGES WERE NOTED BUT NOTHING TO SUGGEST IMMINENT FAILURE.

18 TEST RIG

19 FUEL PUMP DRIVE SYSTEM

20 SU FUEL PUMP PERFORMANCE AUF 214 IS A BMC MINI APPLICATION

21 PARTS AFTER TEST

22 PARTS AFTER TEST

23 PARTS AFTER TEST

24 OTHER STATIC TESTING AN ARTICLE IN TOTALLY T TYPE BY PAUL IRELAND DRAWS LARGELY THE SAME CONCLUSIONS. HE ALSO FOUND GALVANIC CORROSION BETWEEN ALUMINIUM AND STEEL WITH E10. TESTS IN NEW ZEALAND SPONSORED BY THE MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT FOUND THAT BLENDS UP TO E10 WITH AND WITHOUT CORROSION INHIBITOR AND WITH AND WITHOUT ADDED WATER WERE NON DAMAGING TO ALUMINIUM. CONCLUSION IS THAT E10 IS NOT A THREAT TO CARBURETTED V8 FUEL SYSTEM METALLIC HARDWARE.

25 RECOMMENDATIONS UPGRADE ALL FUEL HOSES TO E10 COMPATIBLE BRAND. FROM FUEL TANK TO CARB DON T USE UNBRANDED HOSE USE GOOD QUALITY SCREW TYPE HOSE CLIPS WHEN STORING EITHER FUEL OR A CAR FOR A LONG PERIOD FILL CONTAINER OR FUEL TANK TO BRIM AND SEAL. SHARE EXPERIENCES - IF ISSUES ARISE IT S GOOD TO KNOW ABOUT THEM