By: Hailey French Jacob Dalati Josh Dyer Instructor: Melody Thomas Physics and Human Affairs

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1 By: Hailey French Jacob Dalati Josh Dyer Instructor: Melody Thomas Physics and Human Affairs

2 Types of Biofuels Bio-alcohols- fuels obtained from plants or other biological resources (non-petroleum) Bio Diesel - typically made by chemically reacting vegetable oil or animal fat. with alcohol using Ethanol a colorless liquid that is mainly found in alcohol and thermometers. Helioculture newly developed technology that involves direct conversion of carbon dioxide into fuel using solar power.

3 Biodiesel PROS Helps extend energy capacity of diesel when blended Can be used as home heating Produced from natural sources Less combustible and biodegradable CONS Increased levels of harmful nitrogen oxide with engines not with homes Regular diesel when burned emits same amount of hydrocarbon Harder to store & transport in cold climate

4 Ethanol Pros: renewable, no special vehicle, reduces fossil fuel imports, reduces air pollution, domestic, cost-effective production, boosts effectiveness of gas, and supports rural economies. Cons: price, energy level, availability, and energy intensive production.

5 helioculture PROS Oil from algae can be used for diesel Pulp from algae can be used for ethanol Cons We haven t really found any cons for the use of algae as fuel

6 How fuel is used in a motor vehicle

7 Ethanol in an Engine To quote Bp, a ethanol-producer, Cars using this fuel produce less toxic exhaust emissions than cars using regular unleaded resulting in improved air quality. (Aust. Bp, pg.2) meaning the engine lasts longer and, (ethanol) typically has a higher octane than BP Unleaded 91, typically the octane is 93 to 94 while regular petrol has a typical octane of 91 to 92. The higher octane reduces pinging under load, relieves the strain on engines and produces better performance in cars with adaptive engine management systems. (Aust. Bp, pg.2) Therefore ethanol is a better burning fuel compared to gasoline in an internal combustion engine. Octane Rating (of gasoline) a designation of antiknock quality, numerically equal to the percentage of isooctane by volume in a mixture of isooctane and normal heptane that matches the given gasoline in antiknock characteristics.. Ping- occurs when combustion of the air/fuel mixture in the cylinder starts off correctly in response to ignition by the spark plug, but one or more pockets of air/fuel mixture explode outside the envelope of the normal combustion front.

8 Small-scale Experiment Particulars: Length: 2 meters Width: 1 meter (excluding front tires) Passengers: 1 only Weight: 440 lbs (dry) Power plant: Engine: 1 cylinder 11Hp Tecumseh 4 stroke engine Transmission: Comet Torque E- verter constant velocity transmission Flex-fuel capable The Experiment: Establish which fuel (Regular Unleaded, and E85 Ethanol) will have better fuel economy. Hypothesis: The Regular Unleaded would run better then ethanol due to the fact less fuel is needed to get enough power/torque, therefore it is greater in fuel efficiency. The E85 Ethanol will have the least fuel economy because it will burn faster (due to the fact the engine will need more fuel to burn get enough power/torque.)

9 How It was accomplished The Procedure: Run both fuels in the 11hp engine until the entire fuel is consumed. Quantity: 1 quart Speed: Average of 35mph data: accumulate the time of how long it took for the fuel to be consumed by the vehicle and collect the distance.

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11 Outcome Surprisingly, the E85 Ethanol fuel had the greatest fuel economy while the Regular Unleaded was miles behind in efficiency. Regular Unleaded: The fuel was efficient with its higher power and torque, but this is the reason why it fell behind in efficiency due to the fact more fuel than needed was burned to keep the vehicle moving (the fuel ignited with less uniformal burn, or ping). Experiment Chart miles per quart miles per gallon E85 Ethanol: The fuel lacked in torque and acceleration, however this inversely contributed to the fuel economy due to the fact less fuel was needed to keep the vehicle moving overall compared to the other fuels (the fuel burned more uniformal, less ping) Unleaded E85 ethanol

12 Again, the E85 Ethanol fuel had the greater fuel time while the Regular Unleaded was minutes behind in run time. Regular Unleaded: The time it took for the fuel to be entirely consumed was lesser than the ethanol because of its inefficiency. Therefore, less time spent on the road due to refills. Timing Chart estimated min. per gallon minutes per quart average minutes per mile E85 Ethanol E85 Ethanol: The fuel took longer to be consumed due to the same fact as earlier, lesser fuel is needed to burn. Unleaded

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14 Efficiency Running different forms of fuel: petroleum diesel, B10- B100 causes different MPG for Semi Trucks. Rule of thumb MPG drop 1% with every additional 10% of grade of Biodiesel. Big Rig with 80,000 lb trailers 6 MPG with Regular Diesel 5.9 MPG with B10 5 MPG with B100

15 community The NWACC Cafeteria uses gallons of oil a week. It takes 24 gallons of oil to make one batch of biodiesel. With one day of process time. The School uses $20 in gas a week. Would consider using biodiesel for any means of transportation.

16 James McGuire of Springdale Farmers Market The Greenhouse Grill of Fayetteville Jeremy Gathrop Paul of Evolution Biodiesel in Hartfield, TX Jarod of J.B. Hunt in Lowell, AR Jackie Moore of NWACC Cafeteria

17 Works Citied

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