Thermocatalytic-Reforming (TCR ) and TCR biochar

Transcription

1 Engineering onferences International EI Digital Archives Biochar: Production, haracterization and Applications Proceedings Thermocatalytic-Reforming (TR ) and TR biochar properties Markus eberlein Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, afety, and Energy Technology UMIT, Germany Fabian tenzel Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, afety, and Energy Technology UMIT, Germany Andreas ornung Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, afety, and Energy Technology UMIT, Germany Follow this and additional works at: Part of the Engineering ommons Recommended itation Markus eberlein, Fabian tenzel, and Andreas ornung, "Thermocatalytic-Reforming (TR ) and TR -biochar properties" in "Biochar: Production, haracterization and Applications", Franco Berruti, Western University, London, Ontario, anada Raffaella Ocone, eriot-watt University, Edinburgh, UK Ondrej Masek, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Eds, EI ymposium eries, (2017). This Abstract and Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Proceedings at EI Digital Archives. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biochar: Production, haracterization and Applications by an authorized administrator of EI Digital Archives. For more information, please contact franco@bepress.com.

2 Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) and TR - biochar properties Dipl.-Ing. Markus eberlein Fraunhofer Institute UMIT Department for Biological Process Technologies ulzbach-rosenberg, Germany Alba, Italy 21 th of August 2017 heet 1

3 Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) and TR -biochar properties Agenda TR TR process TR product yields and quality for digestate Biochar General char usage possibilities Motivation for substitution of fossil char TR -biochar properties Modification examples Pore size distribution Demineralisation and influence on BET surface ummary and Outlook heet 2

4 Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) TR process 2-stage process Pyrolysis step: Reformation step: Input material: Biogenic residues Usable products: Biochar Gas Oil O 2 neutral products heet 3

5 Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) TR process Feedstock input arbonisation Gas Biochar atalytic Reforming Oil TR -Process cheme Process water heet 4

6 Gas mixture [%] Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) TR product yields and quality for digestate Reformer temperature [ ] TR oil quality from digestate against beech wood pyrolysis oil and biodiesel heet 5

7 Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) TR product yields and quality for digestate TR -Biochar TR - Oil TR - Gas wt.% wt.% v/v% <3 wt.% <10 wt.% O v/v% <2 wt.% <5wt.% O v/v% <1 wt.% <1 wt.% v/v% O* <2 wt.% O* <7 wt.% x y 1-3 v/v% wt.% Asche <0.5 wt.% LV MJ/kg LV MJ/kg LV 14 MJ/kg * difference Typical TR temperatures for digestate: pyrolysis and 700 reforming heet 6

8 Biochar Motivation for substitution of charcoal and fossil char onventionel supply sources: harcoal: Forests; often Tropical and rainforest deforestation & often uncontrolled production conditions (intervention in flora and fauna, environment & natural landscape GG emissions). Brown and hard coal: Open-cast mining (intervention in flora and fauna, environment & natural landscape GG emissions). Underground mining (lowering of terrain). heet 7

9 Biochar General char usage possibilities o-combustion (coal power plants, biomass power plants, waste-to-energy plants) Lime and cement production (O2 neutral secondary fuel) ome use (small scale furnace, Barbecue har) Livestock farming (feed additive, bedding, manure treatment) Filter material / Active arbon (water or exhaust gas treatment) Metallurgical processes oil amendment (nutrient carrier, additive in substrates, adsorption material, O 2 sequestration)... igher prices in material use instead of energetic use! ans-peter chmidt 2013 heet 8

10 Biochar TR -Biochar properties 25.0 wt.-% 41.6 wt.-% 48.6 wt.-% 45.0 wt.-% 4.3 wt.-% 5.1 wt.-% 6.9 wt.-% 6.4 wt.-% 3.6 wt.-% 1.6 wt.-% 4.3 wt.-% 0.1 wt.-% 0.9 wt.-% 0.3 wt.-% 0.5 wt.-% 0.1 wt.-% O * 19.7 wt.-% O * 31.6 wt.-% O * 36.2 wt.-% O * 47.8 wt.-% 46.5 wt.-% 8.7 wt.-% 3.5 wt.-% 0.6 wt.-% LV 8.1 MJ/kg LV 15.8 MJ/kg LV 20.5 MJ/kg LV 17.8 MJ/kg ewage sludge Digestate Brewer s spent grain Wood 22.1 wt.-% 64.0 wt.-% 72.6 wt.-% 89.8 wt.-% 0.9 wt.-% 1.0 wt.-% 0.1 wt.-% 2.2 wt.-% 2.0 wt.-% 1.4 wt.-% 4.6 wt.-% 0.3 wt.-% 1.0 wt.-% 0.5 wt.-% 0.4 wt.-% 0.1 wt.-% O * 0.0 wt.-% O * 1.1 wt.-% O * 4.8 wt.-% O * 4.5 wt.-% 74.0 wt.-% 32.0 wt.-% 17.5 wt.-% 3.1 wt.-% * difference LV 8.2 MJ/kg LV 23 MJ/kg LV 26 MJ/kg LV 34.4 MJ/kg heet 9

11 Biochar TR -Biochar properties ewage sludge Wood Digestate Brewers spent grain ource: heet 10

12 Modification examples Pore size distribution Water injection Rising Reformer Temperature Pore size distribution of digestate TR -biochar by various reforming temperatures heet 11

13 Modification examples Demineralisation and influence on BET surface Thermostat Water bath ample vials tyrofoam tirring plate Labscale experimantal setup for demineralisation heet 12

14 content [wt-%] Modification examples Demineralisation and BET surface 50,00 45,00 40,00 35,00 30,00 25,00 20,00 15,00 10,00 5,00 0,00 Demineralisation of digestate TR biochar with various l solutions start 0,1 mol/l 1 mol/l 5 mol/l l concentration l concentrations: 0.1 M, 1 M and 5 M Particle size: 0.71 < x < 1 mm Ratio biochar : acid solution = 1: rpm 60 Treatment time: 1 h content [wt.-%] Reduction [%] start 0,1 M l 1,0 M l 5,0 M l 46,1 39,3 21,3 19,9-14,7 53,8 56,9 1 mol/l is sufficient by 1 h treatment duration heet 13

15 Modification examples Demineralisation and influence on BET surface * Various acids with 1 mol/l: O 3, itric Acid and l Particle size: 0.71 < x < 2 mm Ratio biochar : acid solution = 1: rpm 30 Treatment times: 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 24 h * 2 BET surface measured by KIT, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology heet 14 Only citric acid has significant lower ash reduction % ash reduction increases the 2 -BET surface up to about 2.5 times

16 ummary and Outlook The TR technology is flexible and can use a wide range of biogenic material TR -Biochar has a high stability (/ and O/ ratios are comparable with anthracite and hard coal) o organic pollutants left, and nutrient content mainly dependig on feedstock Biochars can be tailor-made for various applications content/reduction Pore size distribution BET surface Material use of biochar shows ecological and economical added value faster market entry till more data needed to validate and show the potential of biochars heet 15

17 Thermo-catalytic Reforming (TR ) and TR -biochar properties Thank you very much! ontact: Fraunhofer UMIT Institute Branch ulzbach-rosenberg An der Maxhütte ulzbach-rosenberg, Germany info-suro@umsicht.fraunhofer.de Internet: Dipl.-Ing. Markus eberlein Phone: +49 (0) markus.heberlein@umsicht.fraunhofer.de heet 16