Canadian Biodiesel Standards and Activities APEC Biodiesel Workshop

Transcription

1 Canadian Biodiesel Standards and Activities APEC Biodiesel Workshop By: Mark Stumborg, P.Eng. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Swift Current, Saskatchewan

2 My Home & Centre My Home Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre (SPARC) 2

3 Objectives Discuss biodiesel standards and thoughts for future biodiesel development in Canada. Biodiesel Standards Activity Biodiesel Evaluation Activity Biodiesel Support R&D Observations for APEC economies 3

4 Biofuel Regulation Renewable Fuel Standard Regulations for Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) by Environment Canada will require: 5% renewable content based on the gasoline pool by 2010; 2% renewable content in diesel and heating oil by 2012, upon successful demonstration of renewable diesel fuel use under the range of Canadian conditions. Expected GHG emission reduction for RFS is ~4 MT per year including conventional ethanol and conventional methyl ester based biodiesel produced from tallow and canola oil. 4

5 National Renewable Fuels Strategy Impact on land and production (2012 requirement vs & 2007 production) Million hectares Wheat Grain corn Canola Million tonnes % 14% 5.00 Wheat Grain corn Canola requirement requirement 2012 requirement will equal 5% of total land in crops (2006) Million hectares Source: Statistics Canada Total land in Crops Main biofuel crops Wheat Canola Corn 2012 Fuel requirement 5

6 Biodiesel Feedstock Availability Recent estimates: 100,000+ tonnes of recycled cooking oils. 500,000 tonnes of rendered oils from animal fats. Oilseed crushing capacity 2.3M tonnes of seed or 950,000 + tonnes of vegetable oil. 1.7 M tonnes of seed crushing capacity being added over the next 16 months. A total of 1.68 M tonnes of oil will be produced by the end of At 10% of typically low grade materials available, 168,000 tonnes of oil available for biodiesel. Total: 768,000 tonnes ~ 1110 ML of ester-based biodiesel. 6

7 Feedstock Hierarchy Conventional Grain & Oilseeds Crop and Forestry Residues Purpose Grown Perennial Materials Modified Plants 7

8 Plant Locations CRFA Web Site: 8

9 Canadian Standards Approach Refiner / Marketer insistence on final fuel blend standard. Establishment of B100 specification for the biodiesel portion of the blended biodiesel fuel. EN ASTM 6751 Establishment of blend levels allowed within the vehicle fleet targeted for the blended biodiesel. Development of a blended fuel standard. ASTM D975 CAN/CGSB (including Appendix A and B) Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires establishment of an accepted CGSB standard for the biofuel offered at retail. 9

10 Canadian Standard Progress Standard was published in Spring, 2005 as CAN/CGSB CAN/CGSB (including Appendices A and B) for B1 - B5 covers all blended fuels from 1.0% to 5.0% of biodiesel addition. Less than 1% is covered in existing diesel standard as an additive. Canadian standard uses existing low sulphur and ultra-low sulphur diesel specifications. Major issues addressed by the standard are: Cloud / pour point Lubricity of biodiesel in ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) Oxidative stability Heating oil standard will be based on the Automotive fuel standard. 10

11 Canadian Standards Development Work to progress on B6 B20. Likely targeted to fleets and off-road applications. New ASTM acceptance of B6 B20 will greatly assist this effort. Cold weather operability will likely be the key problem area for Canada. Anticipate resistance to B6 B20 due to: Small market argument by Refiners. Price issues. Access to adequate feedstock. Latest ASTM B100 and D975 changes: Improves the likelihood of acceptance of biodiesel by refiners and marketers. Addresses standards for oxidative stability and cold weather operability. 11

12 Tripartite Observations Differences in Standards Differences in Composition and Blend Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) Used as both a stand-alone diesel fuel or a blending component in conventional hydrocarbon based diesel fuel Source Differences Some specifications are feedstock neutral, but others based on local feedstocks Canadian standard required to meet soy, canola, and tallow feedstock requirements. Regional Differences in End Use Fleet differences light (EU) versus heavy (NA) vehicles Heating versus engine use. 12

13 Highway Fleet Evaluation Climate Change Central (Alberta) Project Objective: Demonstration of blending and distribution within Canada. Demonstration of cold weather operability of biodiesel within Class 8 highway fleet (25 RME, 30 HDRD, and 20 ULSD). B2 used in winter, B5 from spring though to fall. B5 is 75% Canola and 25% tallow ME. Dates: June 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008 Interim Report is currently under review. Off-road demonstration project is currently under discussion. 13

14 Test Locations Cardlocks were established in Edmonton, Lloydminister, and Calgary. Yard tank was established in Edmonton. 14

15 Blending System Filter Bank Twin Storage Tanks Dual-track Pulse Blending System Heated Biodiesel Off-loading Rack 15

16 Fuel Characteristics of CCC Study Table 1: Methyl Ester Table 2: HDRD Cloud Point Density Cloud Point Density ( o C) (kg m -3 ) ( o C) (kg m -3 ) Jan Jan Feb Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Mar Mar

17 Interim Observations No blending issues were reported. Total Litres of Fuel Supplied B2 ME B2 HDRD No operational issues with the truck fleet were reported. Lloydminister 177,117 No maintenance issues with the truck fleet have been reported. Final report due in December Calgary Cardlock Edmonton Cardlock Roseneau Yard 100, , ,161 Total 245, ,278 17

18 Agricultural Bioproduct Innovation Program (ABIP) Network Title / Titre du réseau Organization / Organisme Contact / Personneressource Phone / Numérode téléphone / Courriel Agricultural Biorefinery Innovation Network for Green Fuels & Chemicals The University of Western Ontario Dr Franco Berruti (519) berruti@eng.uwo.ca Industrial Oil Seed Network (IOSN) Linnaeus Plant Sciences Inc. Mr. Jack Grushcow (604) jackgr@linnaeus.net Canadian Health and Efficiency Functional Feed Network (CHEFF) Flax Canada 2015 Inc Ms Kelley Fitzpatrick (204) kelleyf@shaw.ca Therapeutic Efficacy of Agriculturallyderived Materials (TEAM) CCARM Research Centre University of Manitoba Dr. Peter Zahradka PZahradka@sbrc.ca Generation BioProducts for Health and Wellness (NGBHW) AAFC Dr. Alister Muir (306) muira@agr.gc.ca Sustainable Cropping System Platforms for Biodiesel Agriculture and Agri- Food Canada Dr. K. Neil Harker (403) harkerk@agr.gc.ca Feed Opportunities from the Biofuel Industries University of Saskatchewan Dr. Scott Wright (306) scott.wright@usask.ca 18

19 Mobile Pyrolysis Systems Takes the conversion plant to the biomass source. Drying of biomass can be integrated into process. Generates a medium viscosity bio-oil fuel that is approx ½ heating value of fuel oil. Bio-oil has double the energy of forest residue and is easier to transport. Reduces risks of uncertainty of biomass supply and stranded assets. Increases biomass supply through use of multiple feedstocks. Leave char in the woods / fields for carbon sequestration. 19

20 Traditional Pyrolysis and Gasification Approach 20

21 Why Mobile Pyrolysis? Plant to Central Facility 65,000 L 1300 GJ ENERGY PER TANKER LOAD Compared to: 300 GJ ENERGY PER TRUCK LOAD 21

22 ABRI Pyrolysis Model For Ontario Remote BioRefinery + Processing + Production + Site Refining Regional Service Hubs + Transportation & Distribution + Bio-liquid Storage & Refining + Bio-liquid Gasify Ethanol Export Centers + Transportation & Distribution + Training & Development + Marketing & Sales 22

23 Policy Initiatives for BTL Fuels Bio-oil could take advantage of a number of government programs for biofuels. EcoEnergy for Biofuels Incentive supports production of renewable alternatives to gasoline and diesel. $1.5 billion over 9 years up to 20 litre -1 for renewable diesel Sustainable Development Technology Canada NextGen Biofuels Fund will invest $500 million in large scale demo plants that produce next generation, bio-based renewable fuels using non-conventional feedstocks including agricultural and forest residues. 23

24 Algae-Based Biodiesel Micro-Algae: Menova Engineering is designing algae systems to work in combination with Power Spar technology plus CO 2 enhancement. Details: The use of algae to sequester CO2 and produce biodiesel offers tremendous promise if growing conditions can be offered at an industrial scale. The consortium led by Menova Energy Inc. will develop and demonstrate the technical and commercial viability of a Solar Concentrating Photo Bio-Reactor (SC-PBR) for sequestering CO2 emissions from compressor stations (and other installations in the fossil fuel, power generation sector), and for the subsequent production of biofuels. The project will integrate existing proprietary solar concentrating technology with a new closed loop proprietary PBR system, using algae both to sequester the CO2 and to generate significant quantities of feedstock for biofuels and other high value applications. 24

25 Potential Lessons for APEC Economies Develop B100 specification in relation to: Target final blend percentage with diesel similar to ethanol; Feedstock limitations Canada conventional limit likely 3% of diesel pool; Move limit up as 2 nd and 3 rd generation fuels become commercialized; Temperature requirements Canola for cold, tallow for warm seasons; Distribution and storage infrastructure heated transfer and blending facilities; off-road and heating oil concerns for local storage; 25

26 Potential Lessons for APEC Economies Final blend specification in relation to: Renewable fuel content goals; Air quality, security, rural development, sustainability; Temperature requirements; Cold weather operability limits use for North and winter season; Using a pooled yearly average and reporting requirements; Ongoing quality control of the final products Canada has set up government laboratories to assist with testing and quality assurance; Field test developments should assist processors; Training will be the key to produce quality biodiesel; 26

27 Conclusions Canada will move forward on conventional biodiesel. Problems of feedstock cost and access to capital for producers will limit growth. Canada will continue to evaluate biodiesel use in off-road and heating applications. Distributed biomass to liquid (BTL) production schemes may hold promise for Canada Pyrolysis technology availability Distributed biomass Multiple biomass feedstock types 27

28 Thank You for Your Attention!