Biodiesel and SmartWay Grow and Go Go. EPA-MMTA Fuel-Saving Seminar June 15, 2007
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1 Biodiesel and SmartWay Grow and Go Go EPA-MMTA Fuel-Saving Seminar June 15, 2007
2 SmartWay Grow and Go Focus: Biodiesel and E85 Goal: By 2012, 25% of SmartWay Partners commit to use renewable fuels; by 2020, 50% of SmartWay Partners commit to use renewable fuels Challenges: Availability, consistent quality, vehicles 2
3 What is Biodiesel? Biodiesel is NOT vegetable oil, although it can be made from vegetable oil or fats (soybean oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) Biodiesel is produced by reacting fat or oil with a catalyst, creating methyl ester or ethyl ester (the chemical name for biodiesel) and glycerin as a by-product How? Vegetable oil or animal fats = fatty acids (hydrocarbon or CH chains), attached to glycerin. Use an alcohol (OH) like methanol or ethanol, and a catalyst like sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide (NaOH, KOH), to oxygenate the vegetable oil and release the glycerin to form methyl-ester or ethyl-ester (biodiesel) 3
4 Biodiesel as a Motor Vehicle Fuel This esterificiation creates 100% pure or neat biodiesel Most biodiesel used in vehicles are blends of biodiesel and diesel fuel e.g., B20 = 20% biodiesel & 80% diesel To be used legally, a fuel must be registered with EPA and meet strict motor vehicle fuel quality specifications Biodiesel versus- diesel: Higher cetane number (CN affects time between ignition and combustion; higher CN = less delay) Slightly lower energy content 4
5 Why is Biodiesel Better? Fewer pollutant emissions: Lower carbon monoxide, particulate matter (PM), and sulfates, as well as hydrocarbon and air toxics emissions. NOx? May be slightly more nitrogen oxide (NOx) (about 2% for B20) but EPA, EMA, NBB, CARB, etc planning a study to research effects of duty cycle, fuel blend, fuel type (diesel specs), and engine types Fewer GHG emissions: 29% lower carbon dioxide emissions (lifecycle basis) Can be produced domestically; cuts our dependence upon Imported oil 5
6 Biodiesel Myths I won t be able to start my truck Myth-buster: Mostly noticed on high-blends (B80, etc) and easily solved the same way as with conventionally fueled vehicles -by using engine block or fuel filter heaters or storing vehicles in a building. My filters will plug Myth-buster: Biodiesel is a better solvent than diesel, so you may notice more frequent filter changes when first switching over, but not after that. Biodiesel is better for your engine in the long run My truck won t run as good Myth-buster: It s more likely that you will see better engine performance and better lubrication; fuel economy may be slightly reduced 6
7 More Biodiesel Myths Biodiesel will separate, spoil, etc. Myth-buster: Proper blending, handling and storage techniques maintain biodiesel fuel quality Biodiesel costs more Myth-buster: Biodiesel used to cost more, but in many areas it is now comparably-priced to diesel (biodiesel prices do vary, as do diesel prices) Biodiesel will ruin my hoses, pumps, etc. Myth-buster: Newer trucks are compatible with biodiesel. Some older truck parts may not be. Consult the owner s manual, or call your engine/vehicle manufacturer 7
8 Engine Warranties and Biodiesel Most engine manufacturers permit biodiesel blends up to B5 on most of their engines Several engine manufacturers permit biodiesel blends up to B20 on certain engines EPA and DOE provide some warranty information on our biofuels web sites Check with your engine manufacturer to be sure 8
9 What is EPA Doing to Promote Biodiesel? SmartWay Grow and Go Biodiesel Fuel Provider Agreement Will encourage higher quality biodiesel by providing recognition for biodiesel providers that offer biodiesel meeting ASTM and BQ-9000 requirements Special recognition for SmartWay Grow and Go Partners Events at GATS in Dallas this August Web site, partner profile, other recognition Working with NBB to develop more outreach and public awareness materials Revising value of biodiesel in SmartWay Program to reflect the lifecycle carbon benefits (not just tailpipe) Will be consistent with the AFS and RFS 9
10 ULSD Ultra-low sulfur diesel Maximum 15 parts-per-million sulfur Is needed because sulfur creates problems for emission control equipment, so will have significant impacts on health and the environment Sulfur also generates particulate matter (sulfates) Has lower natural lubricity, which fuel and lubricants producers are addressing with additives (and is a natural fit with biodiesel, which has higher lubricity) 10
11 ULSD, con t Effect on vehicle performance Engine will run cleaner No impact on power Fuel may be slightly less energy-dense For more information the Clean Diesel Fuel Alliance 11
12 Questions? Thank you! Cheryl L. Bynum Technology and Fuels Team Leader SmartWay Transportation Partnership
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